• 한국의사학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2014

Human body fluid and humor include not only sweat, joint fluid but also every fluids, for example, blood, essence, kidney essence and marrow. Historically, in the oriental medicine, there are a lot of efforts in order to preserve fluid and humor. In "Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Disease (傷寒雜病論)", when treating cold damage, preservation of fluid and humor is put first. I tried to find out the relation about fluid and humor and pain treatment in "Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Disease". So, I investigated sentences related to pains in "Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Disease" "greater yang disease part" and commentaries of several chinese medical doctors. And I divide pain treatments into four categories. (fluid and humor sufficiency-exterior pattern, fluid and humor sufficiency-interior pattern, fluid and humor deficiency-exterior pattern, fluid and humor deficiency-interior pattern) At first, when treating pains of cold damage, there are many considerations about deficiency and sufficiency of fluid and humor through pulse condition and symptoms. Second, in pain-cases of fluid and humor sufficiency, purge methods is chosen. And in pain-cases of fluid and humor deficiency, tonifying methods is chosen. Finally, one of the main objects of "Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Disease" is preservation and supply of fluid and humor.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.87-112
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• 2014

Purpose : "The Part of Cold damage in Uihakipmun" is the collection of the books on Cold damage which follow the way of description focusing on symptoms before Ming dynasty. "The chapter of First symptom" in this part is the first chapter which described focusing on the symptoms in earnest. This research is to discover the reference books of "The chapter of First symptom" in detail. Methods : I compared the books presented in the reference list of "The Part of Cold damage in Uihakipmun" with the sentences of "The chapter of First symptom". Results & Conclusions : "The chapter of First symptom" referred to "Sanghanyukseo(傷寒六書)" and "Injaesanghanryuseo(仁齋傷寒類書)" mainly, and the rest were supplemented with other books like "Hwalinseo(活人書)". And the books which were not listed on the reference like "Sanghanmyeongriron(傷寒明理論)", "Yupyeonhwalinseogwaljijangdoron(類編活人書括指掌圖論)" were also referred in part. Among the reference list of "The Part of Cold damage in Uihakipmun", "Baekmun(百問)" doesn't indicate "Sanghanbaekmun(傷寒百問)" but "Sanghanbaekmunga(傷寒百問歌)". As for the history of the books on cold damage which described focusing on symptoms, "Injaesanghanryuseo" added new contents on the basis of "Hwalinseo" and after that, it had a large influence on "Sanghanyukseo" and "The Part of Cold damage in Uihakipmun". In case of 33.4% of the chapter of first symptom, the reference books were not found. It includes the part that the reference books were not found and also the part that Lee Cheon added his personal opinion. For this parts, the in-depth study is needed afterwards.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2009

"Treatise on cold damage and miscellaneous disease" is a ancient formula records on keeping in good health, provided "Internal classic" is a ancient codes on keep in good health. It can be inferred that Zhang Zhongjing was a first inheritor of academic ideology from "formula followed by establishment of the therapeutic principles". Before writing and compiling the "Treatise on cold damage and miscellaneous disease", Zhang zhongjing got the essence of "Internal classic" after composing and utilizing "Plain Questions", "Miraculous pivot and classic of difficult issues", so all the theory foundations of "Treatise on cold damage and miscellaneous disease" came from "Internal classic". The keynote of internal classic lies in obeying the Yin and Yang in natural world and preserving and maintaining the yang-qi of human body to attain the longest life-span. Zhang assimilated the essence of "Internal classic" and then generated a new ideological system - "Treatise on cold damage and miscellaneous disease" when studying it. This article is to expound ideology inheritance of keeping in good health by protecting Yang in "Internal classic" from analyzing the usage of Guizhi in "treatise on cold damage diseases".

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assume the origin and daily dose of Allii Chinensis Bulbus in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases and Prescriptions of the Gold Chamber. Methods : I assumed the origin with Book of Materica Medica such as Illustration and Classic of Materia Medica(本草圖經), Illustration and Consideration of Plant's Name and Reality(植物名實圖考), The Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia Forth Edition, Annotation of Hangeul Treatise of Cold Damages Diseases, and daily dose based on general principle applied on dose of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases. Results : In Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases and Prescriptions of the Gold Chamber, the original species of Allii Chinensis Bulbus was Allium chinense G. Don. It was to be measured with weight. It was too big to write on size due to it's 10~30mm length and 3~12mm in diameter. And due to irregular size, it can't be written on number, too. Daily dose of Allii Chinensis Bulbus in Whaeyeok-san(回逆散), Gwalluhaebaekbanha-tang(栝樓薤白半夏湯) was 3 Ryang(兩), which was the most common case in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases. And that in Gwalluhaebaekgyeji-tang(栝樓薤白桂枝湯), Gwalluhaebaekbaekju-tang(栝樓薤白白酒湯) is 8 Ryang(兩), which was the largest dose as dried herb in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases Conclusions : The original species of Allii Chinensis Bulbus was Allium chinense G. Don. The daily dose of Allii Chinensis Bulbus was 3 Ryang(兩)(19.5g) in Whaeyeok-san and Gwalluhaebaekbanha-tang, and was 8 Ryang(兩)(52g) in Gwalluhaebaekgyeji-tang and Gwalluhaebaekbaekju-tang.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

국내 한랭지역(강원권)의 경우 낮은 연평균 기온에 의한 도로터널 라이닝 내구성에 문제가 발생하게 된다. 이에 따라 라이닝에 균열, 망상균열, 박락, 박리, 누수 등의 문제가 발생하며, 해마다 경제적 손실 및 인명피해가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 국내에서는 기온에 따른 도로터널 라이닝의 피해에 대한 연구는 미비한 상태이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 한랭지(강원권) 터널 70개를 조사함으로써 현재 한랭지역의 피해현황을 분석하였고, 같은 한랭지역 중 비교적 따뜻한 기온을 가지는 강릉 지역과 기온이 낮은 홍천 지역의 터널 라이닝 피해를 비교함으로써 기온이 도로터널 라이닝에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 1999

Paddy rice is semi-tropical crop and requires warmirrigation water. If mean water temperature at the water source during the growing period is below 18$^{\circ}C$, sime kinds of water warming mechanism should be taken. In this study irrigation water temperature is measured and preventive measures to cold water damage on paddy rice are suggested. Field observations were performed at 100ha field area downtream of the Unmoon reservoir during the growing season of 1997. Land use, canal system, water temperature at irrigation canals. reservoir, and paddy fields were observed. In addition, growth and yield of the rice at selected plots were observed. Accordingly to the record, cold water damage occurred in this area due to the cold irrigation water supply in 1996. It did not occur because of the effective irrigation water management practice in 1997. However, several preventive measures such as pontoon intake system, using existing weir and construting a new warming pond, are suggested to prevent cold water damage in the future. If a new warming pond is construted to raise irrigation water temperature by 2 $^{\circ}C$, a pond area of 2.94 ha is required.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2014

Objective I would like to identify when 'If the wind damage people, they feel aversion to wind. If the cold damage people, they feel aversion to cold.(傷風則惡風 傷寒則惡寒)' has appeared and what does this hypothesis have affected. I also researched future scholars' opinions and their criticism on this hypothesis. Methods: 1. Among the books which are related to Cold damage according to the age, books which have original text that has a relationship with this hypothesis were elected. Total of 30 books were elected, and their original text was extracted and analyzed. Results 1. This hypothesis appeared first on Hwalinseo(活人書) in the Song Dynasty, and had lots of impact on future generations. 2. After passing Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasty, there were some opinions appeared which criticized part of this hypothesis. Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) also tried to correct this hypothesis. 3. Bang Yu-Jip(方有執) of Ming Dynasty straightly opposed this hypothesis on Sanghanronjobyeon(傷寒論條辨)for the first time. It had huge influence in the Qing Dynasty and lots of scholars suggested that this hypothesis lacks persuasion. 4. Just like Qing Dynasty, this hypothesis is not accepted in the books of modern ages. Conclusion This hypothesis appeared in the Song Dynasty for the first time and had lots of influence, but some counter arguments had appeared as time passed, and during Qing Dynasty, this hypothesis lost its creditibility with lots of criticism.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.17-20
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• 1993

강원도 지방에서의 철늦은 뽕밭 덧거름이 뽕잎 수량과 봄철 가지끝마름에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 관행시비시기인 6월 20일을 대조로 8월 10일과 30일에 덧거름을 주고 수량과 가지끝마름비율을 조사한 결과 다음과 같았다. 1. 뽕잎수량은 8월 10일 시비구는 가장 높아 관행대비 10~30%, 잎뽕수확구에서는 10~17%의 증수를 보였으나, 통계적인 유의차는 인정되지 않았으며, 8월 30일구에서는 관행구와 큰 차를 보이지 않았다. 2. 봄철 가지끝마름비율을 비교하면, 관행구가 가장 높아 중간벌채구에서는 13.1%를 보인 반면 다른 구에서는 이보다 낮은 7.7~12.8%를, 잎뽕 수확구에서는 18.3%를 보인 반면 다른 구에서는 이보다 적은 11.0~13.3%를 보여서 덧거름에 의한 가지끝마름비율의 증가는 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표논문집(II)
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• pp.313-318
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• 1998

Generally, the concrete constructed during cold weather has the frozen damage which cause the fatal damage so that heat curing and sheet curing was performed to prevent the early freezing of concrete. However, partial refrigeration caused by thermal gradient has many troubles so that the construction hasn`t been done as possible. This paper presents the development of strenth properties and optimal mix design against frozen damage under the cold weather, 1$0^{\circ}C$ below the zero.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

Based on the sentence "The number of my family member and relatives reached around 200, but since the first year of Geonan(建安) era, two thirds of them died and seven out of ten died of cold damage in less than ten years" in Sanghanjapbyeongron(Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases), which is allegedly known to be written by Jangnunggyeong(張仲景), we analyzed the sentence by three factors of time, location and people. These factors are used in the investigation of the disease outbreak, and through this analysis, following conclusions were made. 1. Approximate 10 year crude mortality rate since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa(長沙) province was 67 out of 100 in the population. Approximate 10 year disease-specific mortality rate of cold damage since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa(長沙) province was 47 out of 100 in the population. Regardless of age, gender or other demographic variables, approximate 10 year proportionate mortality ratio since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa province was 70.2%, which lead to the assumption that 70% of death is cold-damage related. 2. Increased disease-specific mortality rate by cold damage in Jangsa(長沙) province for about 10 years since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era), and followed increased crude mortality rate in the population, threatened the stability of nation or local government. This is due to the repeated war in late Han Dynasty with political chaos and repeated flood caused by geographical disadvantage in Jangsa province.