• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.232-239
• /
• 2019

This study was carried out to establish an efficient selection condition for cold-tolerant individuals among evergreen Quercus spp. To select higher cold-tolerant individuals among four species of evergreen Quercus spp. (Q. acuta, Q. glauca, Q. myrsinaefoila, and Q. salicina), an-year-old seedlings of each species were exposed to low temperature in serial, and then examined for the death of cell tissue and the surface temperature was monitored. It was shown that the higher numbers of seedlings of Q. myrsinaefolia were survived than the others when those seedlings are exposed to cold stress. Thus, selection of the cold tolerant individuals was conducted on Q. myrsinaefolia seedlings. The limit low temperature condition for selecting cold-tolerant individuals was -6℃ for 24 hrs because no seedling of Q. myrsinaefolia was survived after exposed to -7℃ for 24 hours. It was shown that the leaf surface temperature of the selected individuals was higher than those of the non-selected individuals when they were exposed to cold-stress while monitoring them using thermal graphic camera. The results in this study can be used for expanding afforestation area of tree species of the warm temperate zone for preparation of climate change.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.279-289
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to compare the hunting reaction of finger in the cold water. Finger skin temperature is measured the left middle finger tip immersion in cold water of 5℃ for 30 minutes and measurements were made on finger skin temperature(Ts), thermal comfort, and cold pain sensations during the experiment at the spring (March) and Winter(December). Results were follows. Is before immersion was at the highest in spring and at the lowest in winter and was closely related to the indoor temperature Ts during immersion and recovery. Mean of finger skin temperature(MST), the skin temperature at the first rise(TTR) and amplitude of finger skin temperature reaction during immersion(AT) were significant higher in spring than that in winter(P＜.01). The lowest skin temperature(LST) during the cold water immersion were significantly higher in spring than that in winter (P＜.05). The frequency of the appearance of cold-Induced vase dilation(CIVD) was higher in spring than that in winter. However, time for the first temperature(TTR) and recovery time(RT) had no seasonal variation. In addition, cold pains during immersion were felt more strongly in spring than in winter. Local thermal sensation, finger thermal sensation in dynamic state during hand immersion was different from that in the Winter. Spring was slowly cold in cold water immersion.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.427-432
• /
• 2003

Jute is the principal coarse fiber for commercial production and use in Bangladesh. Therefore, the development of a high-yielding and environmental-stress tolerant jute variety would be beneficial for the agro economy of Bangladesh. Two molecular fingerprinting techniques, random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were applied on six jute samples. Two of them were cold-sensitive varieties and the remaining four were cold-tolerant accessions. RAPD and AFLP fingerprints were employed to generate polymorphism between the cold-sensitive varieties and cold-tolerant accessions because of their simplicity, and also because there is no available sequence information on jute. RAPD data were obtained by using 30 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers. Five primers were found to give polymorphism between the varieties that were tested. AFLP fingerprints were generated using 25 combinations of selective-amplification primers. Eight primer combinations gave the best results with 93 polymorphic fragments, and they were able to discriminate the two cold-sensitive and four cold-tolerant jute populations. A cluster analysis, based on the RAPD and AFLP fingerprint data, showed the population-specific grouping of individuals. This information could be useful later in marker-aided selection between the cold-sensitive varieties and cold-tolerant jute accessions.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 1990

We objerved the following results from The Yellow Emperior's Canon of Internal medicine through the investigation of literature about fever. 1. Fever is divieded two type asthenic fever sthenic heat and It accused two type of excess of Yang-exoganous heat, deficiency of Yin-internal fever 2. The cause of fever is divieded three type, exoganous cause, internal cause non-exoganouse and internal cause Among the cause of fever Exoganous cause is almost affected by cold-evil Internal cause is affected by deficiency of Yin and seven emotion caused by having sex after intoxigation or over-exertion, and non-exoganous and internal cause bring about the difference of a personal life and food and drink 3. The sympton produced by fever is appeared differently through-pulse and meridian and they are indication of Diagnosis 4. The theory of treatment about fever are as follows Drinking cold-water Practising acupuncture Trerating hot-evil by cold Dispel cold by warm Treating cold-evil by heat Promote vital energy circulation by cold Treating warm-evil by cold Promating circulation by cold Treating cold-evil by warm Promoting circulation by heat.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.945-953
• /
• 2005

Daily time series of longshore sea surface temperature (SST) data at 3 stations, sea surface SST data at 58 stations in the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsular from 2001 to 2005 were used in order to study the temporal and spatial variations of the upwelling coastal cold water occurred in summer season. When the cold water occurred, SST has been decreased more than $-5^{\circ}C$ in a day. The cold water occurred frequently in the eastern coastal areas of Korea such as Ulgi, Kampo, Jukbyun. Daily variations of cold water temperature were quantified using remote control buoy system at Kijang in the southeastern coastal water from July to August in 2004. Hourly variations of SST occurred around $\pm3^{\circ}C$ when cold water disappeared at Kijang. There were close relationship between the strength of East Korean Warm Current, North Korean Cold Water and the scale of spatio-temporal cold water variations in summer season.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.775-783
• /
• 2015

This study investigates gender differences in cold perceptions and wearing behaviors for cold adaptation. A questionnaire composed of items on cold perceptions, intentions toward wearing additional clothing, and clothing for outdoor environments, among others, was used. Each item in the survey targeted 260 male (MS) and female (FS) college students evaluated using a five-point Likert-type scale. Data were statistically analyzed using the independent sample t-test and correlations. Main results can be summarized as follows: MS subjects showed lower dependence on the thermal insulation of clothing because they felt less cold and had the better ability to cope with cold. MS subjects had higher dependence on underwear during cold seasons, and FS subjects tended to wear heavier clothing to compensate for their cold feet with insufficient insulation. In addition, it was preferable to estimate thermal effects of actual wear by taking into account gender differences in the physique. The study is limited in that the room temperature and the actual amount of clothing were not measured, which offers an avenue for future research.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제15권8호
• /
• pp.603-608
• /
• 2006

The main purpose of the present study has been placed on investigating the mechanical properties and microstructures of C-Si-Mn-V steels for cold forming manufactured by controlled rolling and cooling technology. The steels were manufactured in electric arc furnace (EAF) and casted to $160{\times}160mm$ billet. The billets were reheated in walking beam furnace and rolled to coil, the stocks were rolled by Controlled Rolling and Cooling Technology (CRCT), so rolled at low temperature by water spraying applied in rolling stage and acceleratly cooled before coiling. Rolled coils were cold drawed to the degree of 16%, 27% of area reduction respectively without heat treatment. Microstructual observation, tensile test, compression test and charpy impact tests were conducted. The mechanical properties of the steels were changed by area reduction of cold drawing and it is founded that there are optimum level of cold drawing to minimize compression stress for these steels. From the result of this study, it is conformed that $80kg_{f}/mm^{2},\;90kg_{f}/mm^{2}$ grade high strength microalloyed steel for cold forming are developed by accelerated cooling and optimum cold drawing.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.837-853
• /
• 2016

This paper presents the experimental and numerical study on the distribution of transverse and longitudinal residual stresses in cold-formed thick-walled structural steel rectangular hollow sections manufactured by indirect technique. Hole-drilling method is employed to measure the magnitude of the transverse and longitudinal surface residual stress distribution, and the effects of the residual stresses are evaluated qualitatively by sectioning method. It is shown that compared to normal cold-formed thin-walled structural hollow sections (SHS), the cold-formed thick-walled SHS has similar level of residual stress in the flat area but higher residual stresses in the corner and welding areas. Both the transverse and longitudinal residual stresses tend to open the section. In order to predict the surface residual stresses in the corners of the cold-formed thick-walled SHS, an analytical model is developed. 2D finite element simulation of the cold bending process is conducted to validate the analytical approach. It is shown that in analyzing bending for thick-walled sections, shifting of neutral axis must be considered, since it would lead to nonlinear and non-symmetrical distribution of stresses through the thickness. This phenomenon leads to the fact that cold-formed thick-walled SHSs has different distribution and magnitude of the residual stresses from the cold-formed thin-walled SHSs.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.393-397
• /
• 1996

Sprague-Dawley male rats (150 g) were chronically treated with 5 v/v % ethanol admixed with nutritionally complete liquid diet and fed ad libitum for 3 weeks. Controls were pair fed with the isocaloric sucrose liquid diet. One half of each group was exposed to cold stress at $4^{\circ}C$ either for 24 h (for determination of mRNA by in situ hybridization) or for 48 h (for determination of enzyme activity). Chronic ethanol treatment (ethanol) did not affect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA level in locus coeruleus (LC) of brain and adrenal medulla (AM) compared to controls. Cold stress showed strong increase of TH mRNA level in LC and AM compared to controls. Pretreated ethanol reduced the increased TH mRNA level by cold stress in LC and AM. Ethanol did not affect TH activity in LC and adrenal glands (adrenals). Cold stress increased TH activity in LC but not in adrenals. Pretreated ethanol did not reduce the increased TH activity by cold stress in LC but this result was not shown in adrenals. It is suggested that ethanol does not affect the message level and enzyme protein level for TH in LC and AM in normal rat. It is also hypothesized that pretreated ethanol reduces the magnitude of acute cold stress response, that is induction of TH mRNA in LC and AM, and does not reduce the increased TH enzyme protein that is also acute cold stress response in LC.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.267-277
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between Cold-Heat pattern tendency and demographic traits, physical character, and vital signs in hypertensive patients taking anti-hypertensive agents. Methods : 28 hypertensive patients 30 to 69 years old were recruited. We assessed their general characteristics, physical characteristics (height, weight, waist circumference, etc.), vital signs without respiratory rate (blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature) and administered a Cold-Heat pattern questionnaire. After that, we analyzed statistical data on separate groups according to Cold-Heat characteristics or other criteria. Results : 1. Heat group patients had statistically higher scores in waist, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and pulse rate. 2. Over weighted group patients had statistically lower scores in cold Pattern Identification. 3. Higher BMI group (above 23/25) patients had statistically significantly higher Heat scores and lower Cold scores, higher waist circumference group patients had lower Cold scores. Conclusions : From the above result in hypertensive patients taking hypertensive agents, Heat group had a obesity tendency and the inverse is also valid. Later, progressed study based on more samples and varied data will contribute to diagnosis the Cold-heat Pattern identification in hypertensive patients.