• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.114-122
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• 2012

The world focus on enhancing national prestige based on the value of traditional culture and history to preserve cultural heritage that make an effort to popularize in public. Hence, the true issue of paradigm for traditional culture are given at recreation for the value of cultural heritage. To study level of awareness of the importance in cultural heritage, proceed on experimental research for two groups that each group as for professionals and laymen. There are five experiment with two groups that of level of immersion, educational effect, interest, intelligibility score in the documentary in achieve which are recorded image and recorded film. The result of experiments, it showed difference between professionals and laymen, high scored of immersion and intelligibility score in professionals group of recorded image, other highly scored of immersion and educational effect in laymen of recorded film. Consequently, it will need historical recording documents to supply divisively with as considering levels and cognitive situation for professionals and laymen to satisfy their intention. And also, the needs for public to develop various source and contents of heritage to have people's interests. For the expert, it demand on educational projects and contents to be initiated in skills and arts.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.820-832
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• 1996

The average smoking rate for Adults' in our country is 40.6% : It is 74.2% for men and 5.0% for women. Particularly, the smoking rate for men is reported higher than that of men in U.S.A. or Japan. Since the first report on the association between smoking and cancer appeared, 370 thousand smokers have succeeded in smoking cessation and over 90% of them have responded that they depended on a self-help smoking cessation approach. Despite this positive evidence about self- help approaches for smoking cessation, most studies on smoking cessation have focused on evaluation of formal treatment programs that are provided by clinics. Reports on the smoking cessation process used by smokers in our country could not be found. However, it is believed that the situation in our country would be quite similar to that in U.S.A. as far as approaches to successful smoking cessation are concerned. This study was conducted to classify the smoking stage to which they smoker belong and which changing mechanisms could be included at each changing stage (precontemplation stage, comtemplation stage, action stage) with a sample of 155 college students between 20 and 29 years old. And it also identified which variables related both to smoking pattern and to health, which ones were significantly discriminating in the changing stages. From the results of the data analysis it was found that Self-Determination is the most influential variable as one of the changning mechanisms which can discriminate three changing stages. And as the next significant mechanisms were Reinforcement, Dramatic Relief, Cognitive Restructuring, Helping Relationship, and Information Management in that order. Among variables related to the smoking pattern, years of regular smoking, whether smoking is continued or not even when they are sick, the number of attempts to stop smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and whether they have smoked over 100 cigarettes up to now, but not the time of the first cigarette after waking-up, were the significant factors to descriminate changing stages. It was confirmed that among variables related to health that, perceived control for health, confidence of health maintence ability, and self confidence in smoking cessation, were significant variables in determinating changing stages. The most influential variables among them was self-confidence in smoking cessation. Conclusively, it was shown that smoking cessation is the process of attempting to change smoking habits through the various changing processes. Also it can be shown that a few factors smoking habit, self-confidence of smoking cessation, and belief in self control of his /her health, were influential in discriminating the changing stages of the smoking habit.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.111-118
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• 2018

This study is a qualitative analysis that conducted a focus group interview to analyze the experiences of daily life of the elderly living alone and their chronic diseases management, and to explore the meaning, nature, and difficulties associated with. The subjects of this study were elder who lives alone without cognitive impairment and over 65-year-old. There were total 31 people and divided into 5 groups and they had 60 minutes interview. By this study, there were four themes of 'difficulties of daily life', 'suffering from chronic diseases', 'fear of the future', 'acceptance of life'. In conclusion, the elderly living alone felt difficulty in daily life due to physical aging and chronic illnesses, and they felt that they were accepting life at the same time while feeling the fear of the future situation. Therefore, in order to improve the life satisfaction and life quality of elderly people living alone, it is necessary to provide institutional devices that enable daily life such as meals and laundry to be maintained and to develop of an intervention program in order to maintain physical health. In addition, an intervention program should be developed to reduce the fear of future uncertainty and positively accommodate the life.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.249-271
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• 2012

This research examines the degree and the patterns of living arrangement transitions and analyzes the factors affecting transitions in living arrangement among elders in Korea. Data came from four-wave panel study of Hallym Aging Research Institute. The first wave was conducted in 2003, and each successive wave occurred exactly 2 years after. Respondents who were aged 60 and over, and had at least one living child were selected for this research. The baseline consisted of 1,907 respondents(2003), then became 985 for the fourth transition interval (2009). A total of 825 who participated both in 2003 and 2009 were used. Binomial logit regression analyses were used to analyze the effects of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, physical health, cognitive function, psychological well-being, and cultural attitudes toward elder care on transitions in living arrangements. Results show that 29.82% of the elders made transitions in living arrangements from 2003 to 2009, indicating remarkably unstable living situation over this time period. The ratio of living alone is increased from 17.6% to 19.6%, in contrast with decreased ratio of living with married children from 30.5% to 25.2%, and that of living with unmarried children from 19.9% to 13.7%. Factors affecting transitions in living arrangement were different according to types of living arrangement. Elders living with married children were more likely to be older, widowed and to have higher level of psychological well-being and more traditional attitude toward elder care. Elders living alone were more likely to be women, widowed, and to have more chronic diseases and lower level of psychological well-being.

• School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-41
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• 2017

The purpose of this article was to a) identify how preservice teachers conceive feedbacks and subsequent classroom discourses, and b) compare them with those in reform-oriented mathematics classroom video for mathematics teachers' professional development about classroom discourse. This article analyzes feedback patterns and subsequent classroom discourses in preservice teachers' imaginary classroom scripts (lesson plays) and compares them with those in the reform-oriented classroom video dealing with the same teaching situation. Most of the preservice teachers' feedbacks focused the evaluation of students' responses and transmission of meaning (univocal function), whereas the teacher's feedback in the reform-oriented classroom allowed the whole class to validate or challenge the answers, thereby facilitating students' generation of meaning (dialogic function). The comparison analysis between the univocal discourse in a preservice teacher's lesson play and the dialogical discourse in the reform-oriented classroom video shows that teacher feedback serves as an important indicator for the main function of classroom discourse and the levels of students' cognitive participation, and also as a variable that determines and changes them. This case study suggests that to improve the quality of classroom discourse, preservice and in-service teachers need experience of perceiving the variety of feedback patterns available in specific teaching contexts and exploring ways to balance the univocal and dialogical functioning in their feedback move during the teacher training courses.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.615-621
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• 2000

A social phobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme fear and phobic avoidance of social and performance situations. Medications or cognitive-behavior methods have been mainly used in treating it. These methods have some shortcomings such as being inefficient and difficult to apply to treatment. Lately the virtual rcality technology has been applied to dcal with the anxiety disorders in order to compcnsate for these defects. A virtual environment provides a patient with stimuli which cvokes a phobia. and the patient's exposure to the virtual phobic situation make him be able to overcome it. In this study, we suggested the public speaking simulator based on a personal computer for the treatment of social phobia. The public speaking simulator was composed of a position sensor. head mount display and audio system. And a virtual environment for the treatment was suggested to be a seminar room where 8 avatars are sitting. The virtual environment includes a tracking system the trace a participant's head-movement using a HMD with position sensor and 3D sound is added to the virtual environment so that he might fcel it realistic. We also made avatars' motion and facial expression change in reaction to a participant's speech. The goal of developing public speaking simulator is to apply to treat fear of public speaking efficiently and economically. In a future study. we should get more information about immergence and treatment efficiency by clinical test and apply it to this simulator.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.255-266
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• 2016

Oral health knowledge, awareness and attitude towards parents of the dental hygiene students is giving a mutual influence over their children enrolled in the dental hygiene department. Therefore, the university is a situation that requires students to oral health education that can be caused by changes in attitudes and behavior, rather than a simple knowledge transfer. This study was performed to compare the differences in oral health knowledge and awareness of dental hygiene department parents. Research method was used to survey the SPSS v19.0 through the Google study has used a total of 200 in the final analysis to the National Dental Hygiene Department of the lower grades (first grade) and seniors (fourth grade), the student's parent. The results child's impact as a student in the dental hygiene department is older group were more statistically significant than the younger group. Oral Health Knowledge average of the parents of the grade your child is younger parents, older parents, cognitive average younger parents, older parents, education, whether through a child younger parents older parents, the impact is younger parents was higher in the upper grades to both parents of older parents. Therefore, the older the child the more it can be seen that grade their knowledge and habitual behavior affects the oral health knowledge and awareness of their parents.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2007

Objectives : Depression disturbs the individual life from the loss of productivity to suicide. Furthermore the whole society is also influenced by depression in social and economic areas. Many scientific treatment methods are known to be effective in depression. But in reality more than half of patients with depression prefer self help treatment rather than medically based treatment. For the patients with mild depression and primary physicians, it is reasonable to provide the evidence based self care including self help or alternative treatment. This study is supported by the Korean Health 21 R&D Project for the Depression Center to establish the Korean treatment guideline for depression. Methods : The members of Depression Center including the authors attended the workshops where the methods of evidence based medicine such as literature search, quality evaluation of the articles, making the level of evidence were educated. The professional librarians helped the authors for get the searched articles. Among the total of 354 abstracts of systemic review and 300 abstracts of random controlled trials, 3 systemic reviews and 2 random controlled trials were the main structure of evaluation. Result : Among the 37 self care methods known to be effective for depression, 11 kinds of methods were worth of evaluation. The first step for the self care of mild depression is to use St. John's wort, exercise, bibliotherapy, and light therapy in depression during winter season. Acupuncture, negative ion therapy, massage, relaxation technique are known to be efective with evidence. Music therapy, hypnotherapy, and aromatherapy are known to be effective but until now the evidences is insufficient and further evaluations are needed. Conclusion : Among 11 listed self-care methods, several methods need more evidence especially in Korean situation. Exercise is the most recommendable evidence based self care method in Korea nowadays. St. John's wort is effective with evidence, but it is not the OTC drug in Korea, so it is not recommendable now. For the bibliotherapy, there is no book such as "Feeling Good" in Korea. Only the introductory book about depression is available. Publishing the self help book based upon cognitive behavioral approach or psychodynamic approach is needed. Light therapy is practiced in a few clinics, but not self-help style. Exposure to the sunlight is recommended in the level of commen sense. These self care methods are for the mild patient. Moderate to severe patients with depression should seek the professional treatment.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.237-246
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• 2020

this paper, a data modeling method based on decision-making conditions is proposed for making combat and battlefield management systems to be intelligent, which are also a decision-making support system. A picture of a robot seeing and perceiving like humans and arriving a point it wanted can be understood and be felt in body. However, we can't find an example of implementing a decision-making which is the most important element in human cognitive action. Although the agent arrives at a designated office instead of human, it doesn't support a decision of whether raising the market price is appropriate or doing a counter-attack is smart. After we reviewed a current situation and problem in control & command of military, in order to collect a big data for making a machine staff's advice to be possible, we propose a data modeling prototype based on decision-making conditions as a method to change a current control & command system. In addition, a decision-making tree method is applied as an example of the decision making that the reformed control & command system equipped with the proposed data modeling will do. This paper can contribute in giving us an insight of how a future AI decision-making staff approaches to us.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.63-80
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• 2014

The open inquiry is one of the representative learning approaches for gifted students. However, a gifted student should develop various complicated competencies to succeed in the open inquiry because of its complexity. This study develops a question list in accordance with each stage of inquiry so that the list could provide scaffolding in the process of open inquiry and students develop near-professional competencies and produce distinguished outcomes. For the purpose, we have reviewed various literatures related to research methodologies, academic writings, and learning of inquiry. Based on the review, we identified the open inquiry as cognitive, metacognitive, and sociocultural processes and set up the direction of the development of the question list. We also have elaborated the goals of the open inquiry, provided a model of the stage of inquiry, and developed the guiding question list belonging to each stage. As a discussion, we provided several noteworthy issues in the situation of when the list is used in the teaching of the open inquiry for the gifted.