• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2011

Purpose: This study analyzed recent trends of instrument usage assessing cognitive function of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: The researcher collected 64 studies outside the country that were published between January 1996 and August 2010. Results: There was no study on the instrument assessing all domains of cognitive function in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Most instruments assessing cognitive function of breast cancer patients have been used for patients with dementia, depression, and/or organic brain damage. Also the objective neuropsychological tests such as the grooved pegboard for the psychomotor area, RCFT copy in visuospatial skill area and the WAIS-III block design have low sensitivity for measuring cognitive function in breast cancer patients, thus they are not good for applying to breast cancer patients. Conclusion: There is a need to develop an instrument which has good sensitivity and specificity for measuring the cognitive function of the breast cancer patients who experienced cognitive impairment after chemotherapy treatment. In addition, the developed instrument needs to be accessible and feasible in any nursing clinical setting for the purpose of accurate assessment and evaluation of the cognitive function among breast cancer patients.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.321-326
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• 2019

Background: Performing cognitive tasks and muscular fatigue have been shown to increase muscle activity of the lower extremity during quiet standing. A common intervention to reduce muscular fatigue is to provide a softer shoe-surface interface. However, little is known regarding how muscle activity is affected by softer shoe-surface interfaces during static standing. The purpose of this study was to assess lower extremity muscular activity during erect standing on three different standing surfaces, before and after an acute workload and during cognitive tasks. Methods: Surface electromyography was collected on ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors, and knee flexors and extensors of fifteen male participants. Dependent electromyography variables of mean, peak, root mean square, and cocontraction index were calculated and analyzed with a $2{\times}2{\times}3$ within-subject repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Pre-workload muscle activity did not differ between surfaces and cognitive task conditions. However, greater muscle activity during post-workload balance assessment was found, specifically during the cognitive task. Cognitive task errors did not differ between surface and workload. Conclusions: The cognitive task after workload increased lower extremity muscular activity compared to quite standing, irrespective of the surface condition, suggesting an increased demand was placed on the postural control system as the result of both fatigue and cognitive task.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.332-342
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• 2024

Objective: With the proportion of the elderly population in Korea reaching 17.5% in 2022 and projected to increase to 20.6% by 2025, 30.1% by 2035, and 43% by 2050, the accelerated aging of the population is raising societal concerns about elderly care. Maintaining mobility is crucial for a healthy and independent old age. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: This study investigates the effects of dual-task performance on gait variables and cognitive function in older adults. This cross-sectional study involved 60 older adults aged 65 and above, categorized into a dementia group (Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) score ≤ 22) and a control group (MoCA-K score ≥ 23). Cognitive and gait functions were assessed using the GAITRite system (GAITRite system, CIR Systems Inc., USA), measuring gait variables (speed, stride length, etc.) before and after dual-task performance. The assessments were conducted under a single-blind condition, and data were analyzed using SPSS (ver. 25.0, SPSS Inc., USA). Results: The dementia group scored lower on cognitive assessments compared to the control group (p<0.05). In dual-task performance evaluations, the dementia group exhibited longer total task times and lower accuracy than the control group (p<0.001), while reaction times were longer but not statistically significant. GAITRite system analysis revealed that the dementia group had reduced gait speed and stride length compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, the difference in gait time was not statistically significant. The study results indicate that older adults with dementia show significant differences in cognitive function and gait performance, with notable impacts under dual-task conditions. Conclusions: These findings underscore the effect of cognitive decline on gait and provide valuable insights for predicting gait and cognitive function deterioration in dementia, which can aid in developing fall prevention strategies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.434-443
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the way-finding exercise using a map in rehabilitation of cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with a stroke. For the seven patients diagnosed with hemiplegia from a stroke, we executed the way-finding exercise using a map in the hospital, three times a week for two weeks. Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment(LOTCA) and Functional Independence Measure(FIM) were used to measure the cognitive function and performance of activities of daily living before and after intervention. For the visual perception area and the spatial relations of the spatial perception area of LOTCA, scores were significantly higher than before intervention(p<.05). For the walk/wheelchair of locomotion area and the problem solving of the social cognition area of FIM, scores were significantly higher than before intervention(p<.05). The results of this study show that a way-finding exercise for patients with a stroke is a useful therapeutic approach by enhancing cognitive function and performance of activities of daily living.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2946-2952
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide some basic information for elderly driving safety, by analyzing the current state. This study analyzed 128 survey questionnaires given to senior welfare center user in P city and evaluated Montreal Cognitive Assessment Korean Version(MoCA-K) and Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination(NCSE) for checked 41 owner drivers by questionnaires. 32% of total elderly persons was owner driver, and 56.1% of elderly drivers was driving everyday. 56.1% of elderly persons was driving for 1-2hours per day. 46.3% of elderly persons was using a car for leisure activity and 31.7% of elderly drivers was experienced a car accident. As cognitive function evaluation, some elderly drivers showed scores lower than average in subcategories of cognitive functions for driving a car. So, methodical evaluation system for accurate evaluation of deficit ability and driving re-education system will be required for safety driving of elderly person. In future, a legal approach of government as driver licence management and renewal system will be required for safety driving of elderly person.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.127-143
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare with the effects of driving simulator and Dynavision training after stroke through the test of cognitive ability and driving performance. Methods : Twenty-one stroke patients were randomly classified to the driving simulator training group (N=11) and Dynavision training group (N=10), and were carried out respectively training for 15 times. The driving performances was measured by the driving simulator test, and cognitive-perceptive abilities was measured by the DriveABLE Cognitive Assessment Tool, Trail Making Test-A, Trail Making Test-B and Mini Mental State Examination-K. Results : The driving simulator training group showed significant changes in all cognitive tests and most of driving performances. The Dynavision training group also showed significant changes in all cognitive tests except for Trail Making Test-A and some driving performances. The significant differences on both groups were found regarding the estimated degree of results on the on-road evaluation, the number of off road accidents and collisions. In addition, the causal influence of the two training methods on these variables was analyzed to be more than 20%. Conclusion : The driving simulator and Dynavision training were found to be effective intervention in the driving rehabilitation after stroke. In particular, it was confirmed that the driving simulator is an effective training to improve overall driving ability of stroke patients. In addition, the difference in training effect between the two training methods was found to be more than 20%.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.248-262
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• 2021

This study examined the effect of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet of the Korean multi-domain dementia prevention program on the cognitive functions of the elderly with dementia risk factors. We developed the program including nutrition, exercise, cognitive training, vascular disease prevention, and motivation. One- hundred and fifty-three participants aged 60~79 years with at least 1 dementia risk factor were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to the facility-based intervention (FMI), home-based intervention (HMI), and the control group. The nutrition education program consisted of 10 classes over 24 weeks: the FMI received 7 group sessions and three 1:1 sessions, the HMI received 4 group sessions and three 1:1 sessions with 3 homework sessions. The Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were used to evaluate nutritional status. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and the Cognitive Complaint Interview (CCI) were used to evaluate cognitive functions. A total of 136 people completed the program with an 11.1% dropout rate. The NQ-E (P=0.009) and RBANS (P=0.001) scores significantly increased in the FMI (N=45) and HMI (N=49) groups compared to the control group (N=42) after the study. The changes in the score of MNA and CCI did not differ significantly between groups. In conclusion, the nutritional intervention which focused on the MIND diet as a part of a multi-domain intervention program had a positive effect on the improvement of healthy eating habits and cognitive function scores in the high-risk dementia group.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 2023

Objective : This study was to apply a cognitive rehabilitation group program based on sensory activity in patients with dementia living in a facility and to check its effectiveness on cognitive function, depression, and quality of life (QOL). Methods : Sensory-based cognitive rehabilitation group programs (20 sessions) were conducted for eight elderly with dementia over the age of 65 living in a nursing facility located in H-gun, Gangwon-do. The participants' cognitive function, depression level, and QOL were evaluated before and after the program. Results : The mean of Mini-Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening increased; however, there was no statistically significant difference. In contrast, the mean post-test score of the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire decreased, and there was a statistically significant difference (p < .05). The mean post-evaluation score of Short Geriatric Depression Scale measured to confirm the decrease in depression compared to the pre-evaluation score, but there was no statistically significant difference. Finally, the mean post-evaluation score of the World Health Organization QOL assessment instrument-Brief confirmed the change in the QOL, and there was a statistically significant difference (p < .001). Conclusion : This study will provide the basis for suggesting the usefulness of developing a sensory activity-based cognitive rehabilitation group program for dementia patients living in facilities.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 2023

Objective : We investigated the efficacy of an artificial intelligence computerized cognitive training program using motion capture to identify changes in cognition, depression, and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Methods : A total of seven older adults (experimental group = 4, control group = 3) participated in this study. During the COVID-19 period from October to December 2021, we used a program, "MOOVE Brain", that we had developed. The experimental group performed the program 30 minutes 3×/week for 1 month. We analyzed patients scores from the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination-2, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet for Daily Life Evaluation, the short form Geriatric Depression Scale, and Geriatric Quality of Life Scale. Results : We observed positive changes in the mean scores of the Stroop Color Test (attention), Stroop Color/Word Test (executive function), SGDS-K (depression), and GQOL (QoL). However, these changes did not reach statistical significance for each variable. Conclusion : The study results from "MOOVE Brain" can help address cognitive and psychosocial issues in isolated patients with MCI during the COVID-19 pandemic or those unable to access in-person medical services.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.527-546
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to reveal what mathematics teachers focus on and how they assess students' thinking during lessons enacted. For this purpose, we googled and searched internet sites to collect formative assessment materials for the year 2014 to 2019. The formative assessment tasks data were analyzed according to the levels cognitive demand levels and tasks suggested in textbooks in terms of degrees to which how they are related. The data analysis suggested as follows: a) most of the formative assessment tasks were at the low-level, in particular, PNC level tasks that require applying particular procedures without connections to concepts and meaning underlying the procedures, b) the assessment tasks appeared to be very similar to the tasks suggested in the secondary mathematics textbooks, and c) it seemed that 3 types of formative assessment, observation notes, self-assessment, and peer-assessment were dominantly utilized during mathematics lessons and these different types of formative assessment were employed apparently to find out whether students participated actively in class and in group activity, not how they go through understanding or thinking processes.