• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 2011

Cognitive-communicative disorders after traumatic brain injury(TBI) and right hemisphere damage(RHD) are different from other neurological disorders in nature. Therefore, it is not desirable to use aphasia tests in evaluating individuals with TBI or RHD. The aim of this study is to review assessment protocols on TBI and RHD, and literature related with them. As a result, it is recommended that individuals with TBI be examined in scope of the cognition including attention, memory, organization, reasoning, as well as the functional communication. Similarly, it is useful to consider high-order language related to various cognitive domains in assessing cognitive-communicative ability after RHD. In conclusion, we need to focus on the overall cognitive-communicative domains in an evaluative process of TBI and RHD. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop multiple items for individuals with cognitivecommunicative disorders for the purpose of differentiating these heterogeneous groups from other neurological disorders such as aphasia, and of making good use of them as a therapeutic manual.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.143-149
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• 2010

Although importance of music education for the mentally retarded children is realized, it is hard to improve study effects for those children with the existing music education methods due to cognitive disorders of the children. In the paper, we propose a system to improve music cognition ability of the mentally retarded children. The system is designed based on the existing MMCP theory. Our system has the following characteristics. First, the system can improve cognitive, physical, social and emotional development as well as development of music cognition ability. Second, the individualized music education is possible for the children. Third, more active and interactive education is possible.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.54-64
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of simulation in nursing education based on caring for elderly cognition disorder patients. The education consisted of a caring program for patients that included a process of assessment of a patient's mental status, diagnosis of the patient's health condition, and intervention to address the problems by using therapeutic communication. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 69 subjects (undergraduate students) participated in the education and they were assigned to two groups: the experimental group (n=32) and the control group (n=37). Data-gathering structured questionnaires that included communication competence, academic self-efficacy, and attitudes about the elderly. The data were collected from October 2013 to December 2013, and statistical analyses were conducted with-test and t-test using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: With respect to education, there was significant improvement in communication competence in the experiment group (t=2.41, p=.022) compared with in the control group (t=.69, p=.494). However, there was no statistically significant difference in academic self-efficacy and attitude about the elderly. Conclusion: Simulation-based education should continue to be developed further for better elderly-patient care. Integrated education in particular using a high-fidelity simulator will contribute to improvements in nursing competence in this area.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.739-747
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate relationship between the psychological factors, the prevalence, and perception of temporomandibular disorder in Korean adults. Methods : A total of 7203 data were derived from Korean national health and nutritional examination survey. All data were analyzed using R-COMMANDER(12.2 SDI) program. Results : The prevalence of temporomandibular disorder in Korean adults was 3.1% and 10.5% of adults with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) had more than one TMD related symptom. Women had higher prevalence rate of TMD related symptom than men. Prevalence rate in TMD was low in the younger age, the higher education level, higher income, and the professionals. Psychological factors including cognition of stress and depression was shown to be closely related with suicidal ideation and TMD prevalence. Conclusions : To prevent TMD, it is necessary to provide the systematic oral health education and to develop the combined psychological counseling with treatment program.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.527-536
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• 2023

Serotonin receptors, also known as 5-HT receptors, belong to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily. They mediate the effects of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in a wide range of functions including mood regulation, cognition and appetite. The functions of serotonin are mediated by a family of 5-HT receptors including 12 GPCRs belonging to six major families: 5-HT₁, 5-HT₂, 5-HT₄, 5-HT₅, 5-HT₆ and 5-HT₇. Despite their distinct characteristics and functions, these receptors' subtypes share common structural features and signaling mechanisms. Understanding the structure, functions and pharmacology of the serotonin receptor family is essential for unraveling the complexities of serotonin signaling and developing targeted therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, developing drugs that selectively target specific receptor subtypes is challenging due to the structural similarities in their orthosteric binding sites. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the structural studies of 5-HT receptors, highlighting the key structural features of each subtype and shedding light on their potential as targets for mental health and neurological disorders (such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and migraine) drugs.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 1995

The neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain unjury(TBI) are effects on complex aspect of behavior, cognition and emotional expression. They include psychiatric disorders such as depression, psychosis, personality change, dementia, and postconcussion syndrome. The damage is done not only to the cortex of the brain but also to subcortical and axial structures. The diffuse degeneration of cerebral white mailer is axonal damage that is caused by mechanical forces shearing the neuronal fiber at the moment of impact(diffuse axonal injury, DAI). The DAI and the changed receptor-agonist mechanism ore the most important mechanisms in genesis of neuropsychiatric sequalae by mild TBI. The most important instrument for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric sequalae of TBI is a physician or psychiatrist with experience and knowledge. The most effective therapeutic tool is a professional who understands the nature of the problem.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2008

Dopamine is a major neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that regulates neuroendocrine functions, locomotor activity, cognition and emotion. The dopamine system has been extensively studied because dysfunction of this system is linked to various pathological conditions including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, and drug addiction. Accordingly, intense efforts to delineate the full complement of signaling pathways mediated by individual receptor subtypes have been pursued. Dopamine D1-like receptors are of particular interest because they are the most abundant dopamine receptors in CNS. Recent work suggests that dopamine signaling could be regulated via dopamine receptor interacting proteins (DRIPs). Unraveling these DRIPs involved in the dopamine system may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying CNS disorders related to dopamine system dysfunction and may help identify novel therapeutic targets.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.503-509
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• 2003

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence rate of cognitive impairments and to identify the factors influencing cognitive impairment in the elderly in rural communities of Jeju Province. Methods. 590 elderly in 6 rural communities of Jeju Province were interviewed, using a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, health behavior, quality of life, and MMSE-K Results. Prevalence of cognitive impairment was 33.1 % (39.1 % of females, 16.76% of males). Prevalence of dementia was 12.4% (16.3% of females, 2.87% of males). Factors related to cognitive impairment were age, sex, education, standard of living, employment status, and subjective health state. Conclusions. In community health care for the elderly, factors relating to cognitive impairment have to be considered. When planning community health care, priority should be given to the elderly; who need care but live alone; who lack social support; who have a low standard of living; who experience discomfort in the activities of daily living; who believe they are not in a good state of health; or whose life satisfaction is low.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2023

Cognitive dysfunction is relatively less considered a complication of hypertension. However, there is sufficient evidence to show that high blood pressure in middle age increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia in old age. The greatest impact on cognitive function in those with hypertension is on executive or frontal lobe function, similar to the area most damaged in vascular dementia. Possible cognitive disorders associated with hypertension are vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease, and Lewy body dementia, listed in decreasing strength of association. The pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with hypertension includes brain atrophy, microinfarcts, microbleeds, neuronal loss, white matter lesions, network disruption, neurovascular unit damage, reduced cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier damage, enlarged perivascular damage, and proteinopathy. Antihypertensive drugs may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Given the high prevalence of dementia and its impact on quality of life, treatment of hypertension to reduce cognitive decline may be a clinically relevant intervention.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.11
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• pp.438-446
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• 2020

Background: Most developmental screening tools in Korea are adopted from foreign tests. To ensure efficient screening of infants and children in Korea, a nationwide screening tool with high reliability and validity is needed. Purpose: This study aimed to independently develop, standardize, and validate the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST) for screening infants and children for neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea. Methods: The standardization and validation conducted in 2012-2014 of 3,284 subjects (4-71 months of age) resulted in the first edition of the K-DST. The restandardization and revalidation performed in 2015-2016 of 3.06 million attendees of the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children resulted in the revised K-DST. We analyzed inter-item consistency and test-retest reliability for the reliability analysis. Regarding the validation of K-DST, we examined the construct validity, sensitivity and specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and a criterion-related validity analysis. Results: We ultimately selected 8 questions in 6 developmental domains. For most age groups and each domain, internal consistency was 0.73-0.93 and test-retest reliability was 0.77-0.88. The revised K-DST had high discriminatory ability with a sensitivity of 0.833 and specificity of 0.979. The test supported construct validity by distinguishing between normal and neurodevelopmentally delayed groups. The language and cognition domain of the revised K-DST was highly correlated with the K-Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II's Mental Age Quotient (r=0.766, 0.739), while the gross and fine motor domains were highly correlated with Motor Age Quotient (r=0.695, 0.668), respectively. The Verbal Intelligence Quotient of Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence was highly correlated with the K-DST cognition and language domains (r=0.701, 0.770), as was the performance intelligence quotient with the fine motor domain (r=0.700). Conclusion: The K-DST is reliable and valid, suggesting its good potential as an effective screening tool for infants and children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea.