• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2016

Symmetry is everywhere in the world around us from galaxy to microbes. From ancient times symmetry is considered to be a reflection of the harmony of universe. Symmetry is not only a significant clue for human cognitive process, but also useful information for computer vision such as image understanding system. Application areas include face detection and recognition, indexing of image database, image segmentation and detection, analysis of medical images, and so on. The technique used in this paper extracts edges, and the perpendicular bisector of any two edge points is considered to be a candidate axis of symmetry. The coefficients of candidate axis are accumulated in the coefficient space. Then the axis of symmetry is determined to be the line for which the coefficient histogram has maximum value. In this paper, an improved method is proposed that utilizes the directional information of edges, which is a byproduct of the edge detection process. Experiment on 20 test images shows that the proposed method performs 22.7 times faster than the original method. In another test on 5 images with 4% salt-and-pepper noise, the proposed method detects the symmetry successfully, while the original method fails. This result reveals that the proposed method enhances the speed and accuracy of detection process at the same time.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2015

Symmetry is easily found in animals and plants as well as in artificial structures. It is useful not only for human cognitive process but also for image understanding by computer. Application areas include face detection and recognition, indexing of image database, image segmentation and detection, and analysis of medical images. The method used in this paper extracts edges, and the perpendicular bisector of any pair of selected edge points is considered to be a candidate axis of symmetry. The coefficients of the perpendicular bisectors are accumulated in the coefficient space. Axis of symmetry is determined to be the line for which the histogram has maximum value. This method shows good results, but the usefulness of the method is restricted because the amount of computation increases proportional to the square of the number of edges. In this paper, an acceleration method is proposed which performs $2^{2n}$ times faster than the original one. Experiment on 20 test images shows that the proposed method using level-3 image segmentation performs 63.9 times faster than the original method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1689-1694
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• 2005

Face detection plays an important role in face recognition, video surveillance, and human computer interface. In this paper, we present a face detection system using eye detection with progressive thresholding from a digital camera. The face candidate is detected by using skin color segmentation in the YCbCr color space. The face candidates are verified by detecting the eyes that is located by iterative thresholding and correlation coefficients. Preprocessing includes histogram equalization, log transformation, and gray-scale morphology for the emphasized eyes image. The distance of the eye candidate points generated by the progressive increasing threshold value is employed to extract the facial region. The process of the face detection is repeated by using the increasing threshold value. Experimental results show that more enhanced face detection in real time.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.820-825
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• 2010

In this study, we intended to design the optimal Fermi filter to apply the k-space date that is knee image of the rheumatoid arthritis patient acquired from the MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) instrument. After deciding the suitable coefficient for the Fermi filter, the results were compared with modified Fermi filter and inverse Chebyshev filter, Chebyshev filter, Elliptic filter and Butterworth filter. Firstly, in comparison to the results, the radiologist confirmed that modified Fermi filter was best decision for boundary of the rheumatoid arthritis images. The number of the black voxels of the histogram showed the quantity of the results. At the proposed filter images, numbers of the blacks voxels were statistically decreased. That meant voxels only appeared the black color were changed to others voxels color. Because the number of the total voxels was fixed, the area appeared block color could be effected to the other areas. If the modified Fermi filter were used for rheumatoid arthritis patient, the result will be better than other filters.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1150-1158
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• 2010

In this study, the Polynomial-based Radial Basis Function Neural Networks is proposed as one of the recognition part of overall face recognition system that consists of two parts such as the preprocessing part and recognition part. The design methodology and procedure of the proposed pRBFNNs are presented to obtain the solution to high-dimensional pattern recognition problem. First, in preprocessing part, we use a CCD camera to obtain a picture frame in real-time. By using histogram equalization method, we can partially enhance the distorted image influenced by natural as well as artificial illumination. We use an AdaBoost algorithm proposed by Viola and Jones, which is exploited for the detection of facial image area between face and non-facial image area. As the feature extraction algorithm, PCA method is used. In this study, the PCA method, which is a feature extraction algorithm, is used to carry out the dimension reduction of facial image area formed by high-dimensional information. Secondly, we use pRBFNNs to identify the ID by recognizing unique pattern of each person. The proposed pRBFNNs architecture consists of three functional modules such as the condition part, the conclusion part, and the inference part as fuzzy rules formed in 'If-then' format. In the condition part of fuzzy rules, input space is partitioned with Fuzzy C-Means clustering. In the conclusion part of rules, the connection weight of pRBFNNs is represented as three kinds of polynomials such as constant, linear, and quadratic. Coefficients of connection weight identified with back-propagation using gradient descent method. The output of pRBFNNs model is obtained by fuzzy inference method in the inference part of fuzzy rules. The essential design parameters (including learning rate, momentum coefficient and fuzzification coefficient) of the networks are optimized by means of the Particle Swarm Optimization. The proposed pRBFNNs are applied to real-time face recognition system and then demonstrated from the viewpoint of output performance and recognition rate.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 칼라 특징으로 칼라 오토코렐로그램(autocorrelogram)을 선택하고 질감 특징으로 BDIP(block difference inverse probabilities)와 BVLC(block variance of local correlation coefficient)를 선택하여 이들을 효율적으로 추출하고 결합한 다중 특징기반 영상검색 기법을 제안한다. 칼라 오토코렐로그램은 영상의 H(hue), S(saturation) 칼라 성분으로부터 추출 하였고, BDIP와 BVLC는 V(value) 성분으로부터 추출하였다. 이때 각 특징추출 시 계산량을 고려하여 간소화된 오토코렐로그램과 BVLC를 제안하여 사용하였으며, 추출한 특징들을 효율적으로 저장하기 위해 특징벡터성분들의 값을 그 분포에 따라 균등 또는 비균등 양자화 하여 사용하였다. Corel DB및 VisTex DB에 대한 실험 결과, 칼라 오토코렐로그램과 BDIP, BVLC 질감 특징을 결합함으로써 동일한 차원에서 오토코렐로그램만을 사용할 때보다 최대 9.5%, BDIP, BVLC만을 사용할 때보다 최대 4% 검색성능이 향상되었다. 또한 제안한 다중 특징은 웨이브렛 모멘트, CSD, 칼라 히스토그램에 비해 특징벡터의 저장공간을 약 3분의 1 정도 적게 차지하면서 검색성능이 각각 최대 12.6%, 14.6%, 27.9% 우수하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.152-152
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• 2019

This study demonstrates a novel approach of remotely sensed estimates of stream flow at fifteen hydrological station in the Han River Basin, Korea. Multi-temporal data of the European Space Agency's Sentinel-1 SAR satellite from 19 January, 2015 to 25 August, 2018 is used to develop and validate the flow estimation model for each station. The flow estimation model is based on a power law relationship established between the remotely sensed surface area of water at a selected reach of the stream and the observed discharge. The satellite images were pre-processed for thermal noise, radiometric, speckle and terrain correction. The difference in SAR image brightness caused by the differences in SAR satellite look angle and atmospheric condition are corrected using the histogram matching technique. Selective area filtering is applied to identify the extent of the selected stream reach where the change in water surface area is highly sensitive to the change in stream discharge. Following this, an iterative procedure called the Optimum Threshold Classification Algorithm (OTC) is applied to the multi-temporal selective areas to extract a series of water surface areas. It is observed that the extracted water surface area and the stream discharge are related by the power law equation. A strong correlation coefficient ranging from 0.68 to 0.98 (mean=0.89) was observed for thirteen hydrological stations, while at two stations the relationship was highly affected by the hydraulic structures such as dam. It is further identified that the availability of remotely sensed data for a range of discharge conditions and the geometric properties of the selected stream reach such as the stream width and side slope influence the accuracy of the flow estimation model.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.749-754
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 최적 pRBFNNs 패턴분류기 기반 2차원 영상과 ASM 알고리즘을 이용한 얼굴인식 시스템을 설계하고자 한다. 기존의 2차원 영상 기반 얼굴 인식 기법들은 인식하고자 하는 객체의 영상내의 위치, 크기 및 배경의 존재 유무에 따라 인식률이 영향을 받는 단점이 있으며, 본 연구에서는 이를 보완하기 위하여 관심 영역 내에서의 얼굴 영역 추출 및 특징 추출기법을 이용한 얼굴인식 방법을 소개한다. 본 연구에서는 CCD 카메라를 이용하여 영상을 획득하고 히스토그램 평활화를 이용하여 조명으로 왜곡된 영상정보를 개선한다. AdaBoost 알고리즘을 이용하여 얼굴영역을 검출하고 ASM을 통하여 얼굴 윤곽선 및 형상을 추출하여 개인 프로필을 구성한 후 PCA 알고리즘을 사용하여 고차원 얼굴데이터의 차원을 축소한다. 그리고 인식 모듈로서 pRBFNNs 패턴분류기를 제안한다. 제안된 다항식 기반 RBFNNs은 조건부, 결론부, 추론부 세 가지의 기능적 모듈로 구성되어 있고 조건부는 퍼지 클러스터링을 사용하여 입력 공간을 분할하고, 결론부는 분할된 로컬 영역을 다항식 함수로 표현한다. 또한 차분진화 알고리즘을 이용하여 제안된 분류기의 파라미터, 즉, 학습률, 모멘텀 계수, 퍼지 클러스터링의 퍼지화 계수를 최적화한다. 제안된 다항식 기반 RBFNNs는 얼굴 인식을 위한 패턴분류기로서 직접 CCD 카메라로부터 입력받은 데이터를 영상 보정, 얼굴 검출 및 특징 추출 등과 같은 데이터 전 처리 과정을 포함하여 고차원 데이터로 이루어진 얼굴 영상에 대한 인식 성능을 확인한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권12호
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• pp.1181-1194
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 2015년에서 2017년 사이에 유럽항공우주국 Sentinel-1 위성이 촬영한 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 영상을 활용하여 한강 유역 내 하천의 유량을 추정하는 모형을 개발하였다. 한강 유역 내 15개 중소규모 하천을 연구지역으로 선정하였으며 SAR 인공위성 영상 자료와 수위 및 유량관측소에서 산정한 유량 자료를 모형 구축을 위하여 사용하였다. 우선, 오류 보정을 위해 다양한 전처리 과정을 거친 12장의 SAR 영상을 히스토그램 매칭 기법을 적용하여 이미지의 밝기 분포를 동일하게 만들었다. 이후 임계치 분류방식을 사용하여 추출된 하천 수체의 면적과 지상 관측유량자료와의 관계식을 도출하여 유량추정모형을 구축하였다. 그 결과, 1개소를 제외한 14개 관측소에서 인공위성에서 추출한 하천 면적을 입력 자료로 하는 멱함수 형태의 유량추정모형을 구축할 수 있었다. 14개 관측소의 최소, 평균, 최대 결정 계수($R^2$)는 0.3, 0.8, 0.99로 나타났다.