• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2004

The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of $CO_2$(R-744) during gas cooling Process of carbon dioxide in a horizontal tube were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiments were conducted without oil in the refrigerant loop. The main components of the refrigerant loop consist of a receiver. a variable-speed pump. a mass flowmeter, an evaporator. and a gas cooler(test section). The main components of the water loop consist of a variable-speed Pump. an constant temperature bath. and a flowmeter. The gas cooler is a counterflow heat exchanger with refrigerant flowing in the inner tube and water flowing in the annulus The test section consists of smooth, horizontal stainless steel tube of 9.53 mm outer diameter and 7.75 mm inner diameter. The length of test section is 6 m. The refrigerant mass fluxes were 200 ~ 300 kg/($m^2{\cdot}s$) and the inlet pressure of the gas cooler varied from 7.5 MPa to 8.5 MPa. The main results were summarized as follows : The predicted correlation can evaluated the R-744 exit temperature from the gas cooler within ${\pm}10%$ for most of the experimental data, given only the inlet conditions. The predicted gas cooley capacity using log mean temperature difference showed relatively food agreement with gas cooler capacity within ${\pm}5%$. The pressure drop predicted by Blasius estimated the pressure drop on the $CO_2$ side within ${\pm}4.3%$. The predicted heat transfer coefficients using Gnielinski's correlation evaluated the heat transfer coefficients on the $CO_2$ side well within the range of experimental error. The predicted heat transfer coefficients using Gao and Honda's correlation estimated the heat transfer coefficients on the coolant side well within ${\pm}10\;%$. Therefore. The predicted equation's usefulness is demonstrated by analyzing data obtained in experiments.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2021

지구온난화 문제가 대두되어 세계 각국에서 수소전기차와 같은 친환경 자동차 보급이 증가하는 추세이다. 한국은 수소전기차 초기 시장 형성을 위해 차량 구매 시 보조금 지원, 세금감면 등 전폭적으로 지원하고 있다. 수소전기차 안전성에 있어 중요 핵심은 수소를 저장하는 내압용기로 정기적으로 검사해야 하나 기존 내압용기 검사소만으로는 수소전기차 내압용기 검사수요를 감당하기에는 역부족인 상황으로 수소전기차의 안전관리를 위한 내압용기 검사소 구축이 가장 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전기차 판매 데이터를 이용하여 Bass 확산모델의 혁신 및 모방계수를 추정하고, 이를 Bass 확산모델에 적용하여 수소전기차의 지역별 보급 대수 및 수소 내압용기 검사수요를 예측하였다. 그 결과 2040년 국내 수소전기차 검사수요는 690,759대로 이를 대비하기 위해서는 191개소의 신규 수소전기차 내압용기 검사소와 검사인력 1,124명이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2021

Numerical analysis was performed using FIMMWAVE to optimize the specifications of Si₃N₄/SiO₂ slot and ridge-slot optical waveguides based on confinement factor and effective mode area. The optimized specifications were confirmed based on sensitivity in terms of the refractive index of the analyte. The specifications of the slot optical waveguide, i.e., the width of the slot and the width and height of the rails, were optimized to 0.2 ㎛, 0.46 ㎛, and 0.5 ㎛ respectively. When the wavelength was 1.55 ㎛ and the refractive index of the slot was 1.3, the confinement factor and effective mode area of 0.2024 and 2.04 ㎛², respectively, were obtained based on the optimized specifications. The thickness of the ridge and the refractive index of the slot were set to 0.04 ㎛ and 1.1, respectively, to optimize the ridge-slot optical waveguide, and the confinement factor and effective mode area were calculated as 0.1393 and 2.90 ㎛², respectively. When the confinement coefficient and detection degree of the two structures were compared in the range of 1 to 1.3 of the analyte index, it was observed that the confinement coefficient and sensitivity were higher in the ridge-slot optical waveguide in the region with a refractive index less than 1.133, but the reverse situation occurred in the other region. Therefore, in the implementation of the integrated optical biochemical sensor, it is possible to propose a selection criterion for the two parameters depending on the value of the refractive index of the analyte.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.341-351
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• 2022

During bolted flange assembly, the contact stiffness of some areas of the joint surface may be low due to the elastic interaction. In order to improve the contact stiffness at the lowest position of bolted flange, the correlation model between the initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange is established in this paper. According to the stress distribution model of a single bolt, an assumption of uniform local contact stiffness of bolted flange is made. Moreover, the joint surface is divided into the compressive stress region and the elastic interaction region. Based on the fractal contact theory, the relationship model of contact stiffness and contact force of the joint surface is proposed. Considering the elastic interaction coefficient method, the correlation model of the initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange is established. This model can be employed to reverse determine the tightening strategy of the bolt group according to working conditions. As a result, this provides a new idea for the digital design of tightening strategy of bolt group for contact stiffness of bolted flange. The tightening strategy of the bolted flange is optimized by using the correlation model of initial bolt pre-tightening force and the contact stiffness of bolted flange. After optimization, the average contact stiffness of the joint surface increased by 5%, and the minimum contact stiffness increased by 6%.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 탐색기용 AESA 레이더에 적용할 수 있는 배열소자 설계에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. AESA 레이더에 적용하기 위한 안테나는 전자 빔조향 특성을 확보하기 위해 배열 안테나에 적용할 최적의 복사소자를 선정하고, 설계 시 빔조향 특성을 고려하여야 한다. 특히 광각 빔조향 특성을 충족하기 위해 광각 임피던스 매칭(WAIM:Wide Angle Impedance Matching) 기법을 활용하여 광각 조향 시 발생할 수 있는 음영 지역(Scan Blindness region)을 최소화하여야 한다. 이처럼 시스템 운용의 안정성 확보가 AESA 레이더의 중요한 설계 고려 사항이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 AESA 레이더 안테나 장치에 적용되는 복사소자 특성을 개선하기 위해 복사소자 끝단에 WAIM을 적용하고, 시스템의 안정적 운용 척도인 능동 반사 계수 성능 변화를 검토하였다. 최종 성능 결과는 시뮬레이션 데이터를 수학적으로 합성하여 제시한 방안의 유효성을 검증하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.3268-3276
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• 2023

The practice of identifying the potential zones for mineral exploration in a speedy and low-cost method includes the use of satellite imagery analysis as a part of remote sensing techniques. It is challenging to explore the iron mineralization of a region through conventional methods which are a time-consuming process. The current study utilizes the Hyperion satellite imagery for mapping the iron mineralization and associated geological features in the Irikkur region, Kannur, Kerala. Along with the remote sensing results, the field study and laboratory-based analysis were conducted to retrieve the ground truth point and geochemical proportion to verify the iron ore mineralization. The MC simulation showed for shielding properties indicate an increase in the linear attenuation coefficient with raising the Fe₂O₃+SiO₂ concentrations in the investigated rocks where it is varied at 0.662 MeV in the range 0.190 cm^-1 - 0.222 cm^-1 with rising the Fe₂O₃+SiO₂ content from 57.86 wt% to 71.15 wt%. The analysis also revealed that when the γ-ray energy increased from 0.221 MeV to 2.506 MeV, sample 1 had the largest linear attenuation coefficient, ranging from 9.33 cm1 to 0.12 cm^-1. Charnockite rocks were found to have exceptional shielding qualities, making them an excellent natural choice for radiation shielding applications.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2008

진동하는 에어포일의 항력계수 변화에 미치는 레이놀즈수 영향을 조사하기 위한 실험적 연구가 수행되었다. NACA 0012 에어포일은 ${\pm}6^{\circ}$의 진동 진폭을 갖고, 1/4 시위를 기준으로 피칭운동을 하도록 하였다. 실험조건에서 자유흐름속도는 1.98, 2.83 그리고 4.03 m/s이며, 이를 근거로 한 시위길이 레이놀즈수는 각각 $2.3{\times}10^4$, $3.3{\times}10^4$, $4.8{\times}10^4$이다. 항력계수는 근접후류에서 2축 열선프로브(X-type, 55R51)로 측정된 평균속도 분포로부터 산출되었다. 레이놀즈수 2.3×104에서 항력계수는 음(-)의 댐핑(negative damping)을 보이며, 에어포일이 공기력에 의해 가진 될 수 있는 불안정한 상태를 나타내었다. 반면에 레이놀즈수가 $3.3{\times}10^4$에서 $4.8{\times}10^4$이다로 증가하면서 항력계수 곡선은 양(+)의 댐핑(positive damping)을 나타내었다. 따라서 항력계수 변화는 레이놀즈수 $2.3{\times}10^4$와 $4.8{\times}10^4$ 사이에 상당한 차이가 있다는 것을 나타낸다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2012

1. 우리나라 북부 8개 지역을 대상으로 하여 최근 30년간의 기상자료 분석에 의한 12월~6월의 일평균 PET는 $2.31mm\;day^{-1}$ 이었다. 2. 시설재배 고추의 우리나라 북부 8개 지역별, 3개 토성 및 16개 순별, 총 384경우의 재배여건에 적합한 물 절약형 적정 관개간격 및 1회 관개량을 산정하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2003

Boiling heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops for R-22 and R-407C were measured in horizontal micro-channels. The test section is stainless steel tube, inner tube diameters are 1.8mm and 2.8mm, and the respective lengths are 1500mm and 3000mm. The range of mass flux is 300-600kg/$m^2$s and heat flux is 5-15kW/$m^2$. In this results, pressure drop increased linearly for both R-22 and R-407C with increased mass flux, but the increase of heat flux did not affect the pressure. In addition, the pressure drop was fairly increased in the high quality region rather than low quality region. In the range of low quality, the mass flux had a small affect on the heat transfer coefficients, however, in high quality region, the heat transfer coefficients increased even more with increasing mass flux. Under the low quality region and low mass flux, the heat transfer coefficients increased with increasing heat flux densities. The effects of inner tube diameter were clearly observed. Namely, the measured pressure drop inside inner tube diameter 1.8 mm is higher than 2.8 mm with increasing the mass flux and heat flux. Also, the measured local heat transfer coefficient inside inner tube diameter 1.8 mm is higher than 2.8 mm in the range of high qualities. The experimental data for R-407C compared with proposed correlation using pure refrigerant. The experimental data for R-407C was more decreased than the proposed correlation for pure refrigerant up to 50% or more.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.466-473
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• 2017

콘크리트 구조물은 동일한 환경에 노출되었다 하더라도 하중특성과 콜드조인트 유무에 따라서 확산특성이 변화하고 이에 따라 내구수명이 변하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 선행연구를 분석하여 OPC 및 GGBFS를 사용한 콘크리트의 압축특성, 인장특성, 콜드조인트를 고려한 함수를 도출하였다. 경간 10.0m의 단순보를 가정하여 하중을 2.5kN/m에서 균열모멘트에 이르는 5.5kN/m까지 증가시키면서 내구수명을 평가하였다. 최대 하중에 이를 경우, 건전부 OPC 콘크리트의 경우 인장영역에서는 89.4%로, 압축영역에서는 101%로 내구수명이 변화하였으며, GGBFS 콘크리트의 경우 80.0%와 106%의 변화가 발생하였다. 콜드조인트의 경우 GGBFS를 사용한 콘크리트에서는 압축부에서는 82~80%로, 인장부에서는 69~61% 수준으로 크게 감소하였는데, 건전부의 확산계수가 OPC에 비하여 작지만 콜드조인트부의 확산성 증가가 상대적으로 크기 때문이다.