• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.807-820
• /
• 2023

Objective: To assess whether computed tomography (CT) conversion across different scan parameters and manufacturers using a routable generative adversarial network (RouteGAN) can improve the accuracy and variability in quantifying interstitial lung disease (ILD) using a deep learning-based automated software. Materials and Methods: This study included patients with ILD who underwent thin-section CT. Unmatched CT images obtained using scanners from four manufacturers (vendors A-D), standard- or low-radiation doses, and sharp or medium kernels were classified into groups 1-7 according to acquisition conditions. CT images in groups 2-7 were converted into the target CT style (Group 1: vendor A, standard dose, and sharp kernel) using a RouteGAN. ILD was quantified on original and converted CT images using a deep learning-based software (Aview, Coreline Soft). The accuracy of quantification was analyzed using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and pixel-wise overlap accuracy metrics against manual quantification by a radiologist. Five radiologists evaluated quantification accuracy using a 10-point visual scoring system. Results: Three hundred and fifty CT slices from 150 patients (mean age: 67.6 ± 10.7 years; 56 females) were included. The overlap accuracies for quantifying total abnormalities in groups 2-7 improved after CT conversion (original vs. converted: 0.63 vs. 0.68 for DSC, 0.66 vs. 0.70 for pixel-wise recall, and 0.68 vs. 0.73 for pixel-wise precision; P < 0.002 for all). The DSCs of fibrosis score, honeycombing, and reticulation significantly increased after CT conversion (0.32 vs. 0.64, 0.19 vs. 0.47, and 0.23 vs. 0.54, P < 0.002 for all), whereas those of ground-glass opacity, consolidation, and emphysema did not change significantly or decreased slightly. The radiologists' scores were significantly higher (P < 0.001) and less variable on converted CT. Conclusion: CT conversion using a RouteGAN can improve the accuracy and variability of CT images obtained using different scan parameters and manufacturers in deep learning-based quantification of ILD.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제36권8호
• /
• pp.561-569
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 인제거를 위한 하수처리시설에서 발생하는 약품 잉여슬러지의 혐기성소화 특성을 조사하기 위한 것이다. 잉여슬러지의 최종생분해도 값은 Biogas발생량을 기준으로 약 31%, PACl 슬러지는 24%이며, Alum 슬러지는 26%이었다. 20일 동안 잉여슬러지는 $S_1$이 75%로써 $k_1$ ($0.1129day^{-1}$)의 속도로 분해되었으며, PACl 슬러지는 $k_1$ ($0.0998day^{-1}$)의 속도로 $S_1$인 74%의 BVS를 분해시켰고, Alum 슬러지는 $S_1$이 76%로써 $k_1$ ($0.1091day^{-1}$)의 속도로 분해되었다. SCFMR 반응조 운전시 모든 슬러지는 pH 6.7~7.0을, Alkalinity는 1,800~2,200 mg/L 범위로 차이가 미미하며 유사한 값을 유지하였다. HRT 20일에서 PACl 슬러지와 Alum 슬러지 Biogas 발생량은 각각 0.089, 0.091 v/v-d로 Control 0.124 v/v-d에 비해 낮은 27~28%이었다. 운전 전반에 걸처 메탄의 함량은 세 반응조 모두 70~76%로 PACl과 Alum을 주입함에 따른 영향은 없는 것으로 판단된다. PACl과 Alum을 주입한 슬러지의 TVS 제거효율은 HRT 20일에서 각각 평균 19.6%, 19.9%로 Control (23.8%)에 비해 약 4% 가량 작은 값을 나타내었으며, BVS 제거효율은 HRT 20일 조건에서 Control 반응조의 경우 평균 34.5%, PACl과 Alum 슬러지는 각각 평균 25.8%, 26.9%로 나타내어 PACl과 Alum 슬러지가 Control 보다 약 8% 낮은 제거효율을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권11호
• /
• pp.1610-1616
• /
• 2016

섬쑥부쟁이로부터 고요산혈증 개선에 도움을 주는 기능성 식품 개발을 위하여 최적의 에탄올 추출물 탐색과 high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet(HPLC-UV) 분석방법에 의한 validation을 실시하였다. 지표성분으로 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid(3,5-DCQA)를 선정하여 표준화를 실시하였으며 검출법 확립을 위한 3,5-DCQA 정량분석은 Luna RP-18 칼럼($4.6{\times}250mm$, $5{\mu}m$)을 이용하여 1% 초산용액과 메탄올을 전개용매로 사용하였다. 용출은 1.0 mL/min의 유속으로 기울기 용출(gradient elution) 방법을 이용하였으며, 320 nm 파장에서 검출한 피크 면적을 이용하여 검량곡선을 작성하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 확립한 분석법으로 특이성, 직선성, 정밀성, 정확성, 회수율을 검색하였다. 3,5-DCQA의 검량선으로부터 상관계수($R^2$) 0.9999의 우수한 직선성과 intra-day와 inter-day 분석에서 90% 이상의 회수율과 5% 미만의 RSD를 나타내 정밀성과 정확성을 입증하였다. 검출한계는 $2.68{\mu}g/mL$였고 정량한계는 $8.11{\mu}g/mL$로 나타났다. 섬쑥부쟁이 에탄올 추출물(AGE)은 70과 $80^{\circ}C$에서 30, 50, 70, 80% 에탄올로 3, 4, 5, 6시간 동안 각각 추출하였으며, 지표물질의 검량곡선을 활용하여 각각의 AGE로부터 3,5-DCQA의 함량을 분석하였다. 본 시험법으로 분석한 3,5-DCQA의 함량은 $70^{\circ}C$에서 추출한 70% AGE가 $52.59{\pm}3.45mg/Aster$ glehni 100g의 함량을 나타내 가장 우수하게 나타났다. 그러나 섬쑥부쟁이 추출물에 함유된 5-caffeoylquinic acid(5-CQA)의 함량 비교분석은 에탄올 함량이나 추출 시간에 따른 함량 변화가 미미하게 나타났다. 또한, 다양한 AGE에 대하여 XOD 저해 효능을 검색하였을 때, 3,5-DCQA의 함량이 가장 높은 $70^{\circ}C$에서 추출한 70% AGE에서 우수한 효능을 나타내 기능성 원료 표준화를 위한 적합한 분석법임이 검증되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 확립된 3,5-DCQA의 분석법은 섬쑥부쟁이 에탄올 추출물로부터 개별인정형 건강기능식품 기능성 원료 개발을 위한 유용한 자료로 활용될 것으로 생각한다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.172-176
• /
• 1996

Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 돌연변이주를 이용하여 xylitol 생산에 영향을 주는 배양 조건인 pH와 온도 그리고 교반속도 및 산소전달속도등의 환경인자가 Xylitol의 생성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 발효조에서 pH가 증가 할수록 균체농도와 기질소비속도가 증가하여 발효시간이 단축되었다. 그러나, Xylitol생산은 pH 4.5와 5.5에서 큰 차이 없이 50g/l의 xylose로 부터 약 34g/l로 최대농도를 보여주었다. 온도가 증가 할수록 최대 비증식속도가 증가하였지만 최종 균체농도는 감소하였고, xylitol 생산성은 $30^{\circ}C$에서 최대값을 보여주었다. 산소전달속도의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 발효조의 교반속도를 변화시키면서 배양한 결과 균체농도는 산소 전달속도가 높을수록 증가하였지만, xylitol 생산은 크게 감소하였다. 교반속도를 150rpm(산소전달속도 $30\;hr^{-1}$에 해당)으로 배양할때 발효시간 62시간에서 50g/l의 xylose로 부터 xylitol 농도가 35.8g/l로 최대값을 나타내었다. Xylitol 생산성을 증가시키기 위하여 1차 발효가 끝난 발효조에서 균체를 회수하여 20g/l로 농축하여 최적조건인 pH 4.5, $30^{\circ}C$, 산소전달속도 $30\;hr^{-1}$에서 재배양을 하였을 때 50g/l의 xylose가 배양시간 약 18시간만에 모두 이용되었고 전환수율 80%에 해당하는 40g/l의 Xylitol이 생성되었다. 이때 Xylitol의 생산성은 2.22g/l-hr으로 일반 발효때 얻은 $0.5{\sim}g/l-hr$ 보다 약 $3{\sim}4$배 증가되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 1993

산 처리방법에 따른 상아질 접착을 평가하고 표면처리 후의 상아질 표면의 성상변화 및 파단면의 양상을 관찰하기 위해 발거된 구치 에 10% polyacrylic acid (GC Dental Industrial Corp., U. S. A.), 10 % 인산(Bisco Inc., U. S. A.) 및 10-3 용액 (Parkell Bio-Materials, U. S. A.)을 사용하여 상아질 표면을 처리하고 모든 시편에 상아질 접착제인 All Bond 2$^{(R)}$(Bisco Inc., U.S.A.)를 도포하였으며 복합레진 (Silux Plus$^{(R)}$, 3M Co., U.S.A.)을 첨가한 후 접착강도를 측정하고 상아질 표면 및 파단면을 주사 전자현미경으로 관찰, 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 접착강도는 상아질 표면을 산 처리한 군이 무처리한 대조군에 비해 높게 나타났고, 산처리를 시행한 군들 간에는 10-3 용액으로 처리한 군이 가장 높았으며 10% 인산으로 처리한 군, 10% polyacrylic acid로 처리한 군의 순이었다(p<0.01). 2. 상아질 표면의 관찰에서, 무 처리의 상아질 면은 상아세관이 개방되지 않은 채 도말층으로 덮혀 있었고, 10% polyacrylic acid로 처리한 상아질 면은 도말충이 제거되고 상아세관이 개방되어 있었으나 상아세관 내에 smear plug이 일부 남아 있었으며, 10% 인산또는 10-3 용액으로 처리한 상아질 면은 도말층 및 smear plug이 모두 제거되고 상아세관이 완전히 개방되어 있음이 관찰되었다. 3. 파단면의 관찰에서, 무 처리군에서는 도말층 내에서 파단이 일어났으며, 10% polyacrylic acid로 처리한 군에서는 상아세관 내 잔존 레진 tag이 관찰되지 않았으나 10% 인산 및 10-3 용액으로 처리한 군에서는 상아세관 내의 잔존 레진 tag이 관찰되었다. 4. 파단 양상에 있어서, 접착강도가 큰 군일수록 응집성 파단의 빈도가 증가되어 나타났으며, 각 시편에서 구한 접착강도와 응집 파단율의 상관 계수는 0.71이었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.399-405
• /
• 2020

최근 이상 기후 및 노동력 문제를 해결하기 위하여 재배 환경의 정밀 제어가 가능한 식물공장형육묘시스템을 이용한 균일한 묘소질의 접수 및 대목 생산과 접목 로봇의 작업성 향상을 연계시키는 규격묘 생산 자동화시스템 구축의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 식물공장형육묘시스템에서 저면관수 시 오이와 토마토 접수 및 대목의 관수 시기 및 관수량 등 관수 계획 수립을 위해 광량에 따른 증발산량과 묘소질을 조사하였다. 저면 관수 시 연속 중량 측정이 가능하도록 행잉형 로드셀을 설치하고 육안으로 초기 위조가 시작되는 시점을 확인하여 관수 개시 시점을 배지수분함량 50% 이상으로 설정하였다. 오이 접수 및 대목의 관수 시기는 파종 후 7일 및 6일이었고, 토마토 접수 및 대목의 관수 시기는 강광(300 μmol·m^-2·s^-1) 처리구 기준으로, 파종 후 5, 8, 11, 13일이었다. 오이와 토마토 모두 광량 증가에 따라서 증발산 속도가 증가하였으며, 토마토에서 광량에 따른 증발산 속도 차이가 크게 나타났다. 오이와 토마토 묘의 생육은 광량이 증가할수록 촉진되었는데, 광량 증가는 하배축장의 신장을 억제시키고 경경을 증가시켰다. 오이 및 토마토 묘개체군의 누적 증발산량은 광량이 증가할수록 증가하였고, 개체당 일(24h) 증발산량과 광량은 1차 선형 형태로 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 묘개체군의 연속 중량 측정을 통한 오이와 토마토 접수 및 대목의 증발산량 추정은 식물공장형육묘시스템의 정밀 관수 제어를 위한 관수 시기 및 관수량 결정을 위한 지표로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 오크라를 이용하여 건강기능식품 개발 시원료의 표준화를 위하여 HPLC-PDA를 이용하여 지표성분 quercetin-3-𝑜-gentiobioside 및 isoquercitrin의 기존 보고된 분석법을 개선하고 분석법에 대한 유효성 검증을 실시하였다. 분석법의 유효성 검증은 ICH 가이드라인에 근거하여 특이성, 직선성, 정확성, 정밀성, 검출한계 및 정량한계를 통해 신뢰성 및 타당성을 검증하였다. HPLC를 이용한 분석방법에서 표준용액의 지표성분 피크 머무름 시간과 오크라 분말 시료의 지표성분 피크 머무름 시간 및 spectrum의 확인결과 모두 일치하므로 특이성을 확인하였다. Quercetin-3-𝑜-gentiobioside 및 isoquercitrin의 검량선은 1에 가까운 높은 상관계수 값(0.9999, 0.9999)으로 우수한 직선성을 확인할 수 있었으며 분석에 적합함을 알 수 있었다. 농도를 알고 있는 오크라 분말 시료에 표준물질을 저, 중, 고농도로 제조한 후 첨가하여 정밀성 및 정확성을 계산하였다. Quercetin-3-𝑜-gentiobioside 및 isoquercitrin의 정밀성은 일내, 일간 정밀성으로 확인하였으며, quercetin-3-𝑜-gentiobioside 및 isoquercitrin의 일내 정밀성은 각각 0.50-1.48%, 0.77-2.82% 수준으로 확인되었으며, 일간 정밀성은 0.07-3.37%, 0.58-1.37% 수준으로 5% 이하의 우수한 정밀성을 보였다. 정확성 측정결과 quercetin-3-𝑜-gentiobioside 및 isoquercitrin의 일내 정확성은 104.87-109.64%, 108.50-109.70%를 나타내었으며, 일간 정확성은 106.69-111.08%, 106.85-109.06% 수준으로 우수한 정확성을 나타내었다. Quercetin-3-𝑜-gentiobioside 및 isoquercitrin의 검출한계는 각각 0.24 ㎍/mL, 0.16 ㎍/mL이었고 정량한계는 0.71 ㎍/mL, 0.49 ㎍/mL로 나타내어, 낮은 농도에서도 검출이 가능함을 확인하였다. 확립된 분석법은 특이성, 직선성, 정밀성, 정확성, 검출한계 및 정량한계에 대한 분석법 검증결과가 모두 우수한 분석법임을 증명하였다. 또한 검증된 분석법을 이용하여 오크라 분말 시료 중 quercetin-3-𝑜-gentiobioside 및 isoquercitrin의 함량분석 결과, quercetin-3-𝑜-gentiobioside은 1.49±0.01 mg/dry weight g, isoquercitrin은 1.39±0.01 mg/dry weight g의 함량을 함유하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 HPLC-PDA를 이용한 오크라의 지표성분인 quercetin-3-𝑜-gentiobioside 및 isoquercitrin의 동시 분석방법이 과학적으로 신뢰성이 있는 적합한 분석방법임이 검증되었다.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.183-203
• /
• 2018

전통적으로 신문 매체는 국내외에서 발생하는 사건들을 살피는 데에 가장 적합한 매체이다. 최근에는 정보통신 기술의 발달로 온라인 뉴스 매체가 다양하게 등장하면서 주변에서 일어나는 사건들에 대한 보도가 크게 증가하였고, 이것은 독자들에게 많은 양의 정보를 보다 빠르고 편리하게 접할 기회를 제공함과 동시에 감당할 수 없는 많은 양의 정보소비라는 문제점도 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 방대한 양의 뉴스기사로부터 데이터를 추출하여 주요 사건을 감지하고, 사건들 간의 관련성을 판단하여 사건 네트워크를 구축함으로써 독자들에게 현시적이고 요약적인 사건정보를 제공하는 기법을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 2016년 3월에서 2017년 3월까지의 한국 정치 및 사회 기사를 수집하였고, 전처리과정에서 NPMI와 Word2Vec 기법을 활용하여 고유명사 및 합성명사와 이형동의어 추출의 정확성을 높였다. 그리고 LDA 토픽 모델링을 실시하여 날짜별로 주제 분포를 계산하고 주제 분포의 최고점을 찾아 사건을 탐지하는 데 사용하였다. 또한 사건 네트워크를 구축하기 위해 탐지된 사건들 간의 관련성을 측정을 위하여 두 사건이 같은 뉴스 기사에 동시에 등장할수록 서로 더 연관이 있을 것이라는 가정을 바탕으로 코사인 유사도를 확장하여 관련성 점수를 계산하는데 사용하였다. 최종적으로 각 사건은 각의 정점으로, 그리고 사건 간의 관련성 점수는 정점들을 잇는 간선으로 설정하여 사건 네트워크를 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 사건 네트워크는 1년간 한국에서 발생했던 정치 및 사회 분야의 주요 사건들이 시간 순으로 정렬되었고, 이와 동시에 특정 사건이 어떤 사건과 관련이 있는지 파악하는데 도움을 주었다. 또한 일련의 사건들의 시발점이 되는 사건이 무엇이었는가도 확인이 가능하였다. 본 연구는 텍스트 전처리 과정에서 다양한 텍스트 마이닝 기법과 새로이 주목받고 있는 Word2vec 기법을 적용하여 봄으로써 기존의 한글 텍스트 분석에서 어려움을 겪고 있었던 고유명사 및 합성명사 추출과 이형동의어의 정확도를 높였다는 것에서 학문적 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 그리고, LDA 토픽 모델링을 활용하기에 방대한 양의 데이터를 쉽게 분석 가능하다는 것과 기존의 사건 탐지에서는 파악하기 어려웠던 사건 간 관련성을 주제 동시출현을 통해 파악할 수 있다는 점에서 기존의 사건 탐지 방법과 차별화된다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.