• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2021

본 연구는 조선시대 법전류에 기록된 산림 관련 자료를 수집하고 분석을 통하여 그 당시 산림문화의 전반적인 사항을 파악 후 국민의 산림문화 충족 욕구에 부응하고자 수행하였다. 조선시대 법전류(경국대전, 속대전, 대전통편, 대전회통)에 기록된 산림 관련 조항을 통해 산림행정과 정책의 변화과정 및 산림의 경관상 변화를 고찰할 수 있었다. 경국대전(經國大典)의 분석을 통해 특수한 수종이나 특정 지역에만 생산되는 수종에 대한 관리와 특정 지역 경관 관리에 신경을 많이 기울였다는 것, 금산 관리 규정에 있어서 벌채를 금하는 수준을 넘어 재식과 배양뿐만 아니라 경관 조성에도 관심을 기울였다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 일반적으로 산림의 사유를 금했었으나. 상·장례에 있어서 분묘 주변의 일정 범위의 산림에 대한 소유를 인정하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.53-60
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• 1986

현행(現行) 재래식(在來式) 철근(鐵筋)콘크리트 표준시방서(標準示方書)의 강도설계규준(强度設計規準)을 대치(代置)할 수 있는 AFOSM 신뢰성(信賴性) 이론(理論)에 의한 LRFD 신뢰성(信賴性) 설계규준(計規準)을 제안(提案)하는 것이 본(本) 연구(硏究) 주요내용(主要內容)이다. 우리의 현실(現實)을 고려한 각(各) R.C. 구조요소별(構造要素別) 저항(抵抗) 및 하중효과(荷重効果)의 불확실량(不確實量)을 사용하여 현행(現行) R.C. 표준시방서(標準示方書)의 신뢰성(信賴性) 수준(水準)을 검정(檢定)하므로서 우리 실정(實情)에 맞는 합리적(合理的)인 목표신뢰성지수(目標信賴性指數)를 선택한 다음, 확률변수(確率變數)의 비정규분포(非正規分布)를 등가(等價)의 정규분포(正規分布)로 변환(變換)시킨 Rackwitz-Fiessler의 실용적(實用的) 알고리즘을 이용한 AFOSM 법(法)에 의해 계산(計算)된 하중조합별(荷重組合別) 하중(荷重) 및 저항계수(抵抗係數)로부터 합리적(合理的)인 공통(共通) 하중계수(荷重係數)를 선정하고 이에 대응(對應)하는 각(各) 요소별(要素別) 저항계수(抵抗係數)를 산정(算定)하므로서 LRFD 설계규준(設計規準)을 제안(提案)하였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 제안(提案)하는 R.C. 구조(構造)의 LRFD 신뢰성(信賴性) 설계규준(設計規準)을 현행(現行) R.C. 표준시방서(標準示方書)의 강도설계규준(强度設計規準)에 대응(對應)하는 설계규준(設計規準)으로 도입(導入)함이 바람직하다는 사실(事實)을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1983

현행(現行) 콘크리트 표준시방서(標準示方書)에서 WSD 또는 USD로 설계(設計)되는 R.C. 기둥의 설계규준(設計規準)에서 보다 합리적(合理的)인 설계(設計)가 될 수 있는 신뢰성(信賴性) 설계규준(設計規準)을 제안(提案)하는 것이 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 핵심(核心)이다. Cornell의 MFOSM 이론(理論)에 의(依)해 R.C. 기둥 저항(抵抗)의 불확실량(不確實量) 산정(算定) 알고리즘을 유도(誘導)하여 저항(抵抗)의 불확실량(不確實量)을 산정(算定)했으며, 하중(荷重)의 불확실량(不確實量)은 우리의 실정(實情)을 고려(考慮)한 적절(適切)한 값을 선택(選擇)하여 신뢰성(信賴性) 해석(解析) 및 설계규준(設計規準)을 산정(算定)했다. 현행(現行) WSD와 USD 설계법(設計法)의 신뢰성(信賴性) 수준(水準)을 분석(分析)하고 외국(外國)의 경우와 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)함으로써, 우리 나라에 알맞는 목표신뢰성지수(目標信賴性指數) ${\beta}_0=4.0$을 택(擇)하여 LRFD 설계규준(設計規準)에 의(依)한 저항(抵抗)-하중계수(荷重係數)를 제안(提案)했다. 또한 철근(鐵筋)과 콘크리트의 허용응력(許容應力)을 산정제안(算定提案)했다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 제안(提案)한 신뢰성(信賴性)을 설계규준(設計規準) 및 허용응력(許容應力)은 일정(一定)한 신뢰성(信賴性)을 주는 보다 합리적(合理的)인 설계(設計)가 되게 하므로 현행(現行) R.C. 기둥의 설계규준(設計規準)에 신뢰성(信賴性) 설계(設計) 개념(槪念)을 하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2007

경간 40m~100m 정도 경간에 대해 일반적으로 강 박스 거더교에 대한 설계가 이루어지고 있다. 상부구조의 자중을 줄이기 위해서 복합트러스 교량에서 복부의 콘크리트 웹 대신에 강 사재가 사용되고 있다. 이러한 복합트러스 교량의 설계 시 가장 중요한 부분 중의 하나가 콘크리트 상 하부를 연결하는 연결부의 형태이다. 이러한 접합부는 외부에서 작용하는 조합하중을 분담해야하는데, 아직 이러한 접합구조에 대한 명확한 설계기준이 없는 실정이다. 한계상태에서 격점부의 하중전달에 대한 명확한 연구와 설계방법에 대한 조사가 필요하다. 콘크리트 상 하부를 연결하는 격점부 사재는 다양한 연결형태가 있다. 이번 논문에서는 거셋 플레이트에 용접되어진 그룹 스터드 연결재에 관한 연구가 수행되었다. 25mm 절곡 스터드를 사용하여 수행된 전단실험을 통하여 현재의 스터드 간 최소기준 간격을 만족하는 상태에서는 현재의 설계 규정을 사용할 수 있음을 밝혔다. 휨-전단 실험을 통해서는 조합하중이 작용하는 격점부의 상세를 개선하였다. 격점부의 인발강도를 증진시키기 위해서 절곡 스터드가 제안되었고 그룹 스터드의 최 외측 스터드에 적용되었다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 복합 트러스 교량의 개선된 격점부 상세가 개선되고 설계 방안이 제안되었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2016

In the companion papers (I, II), site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 domestic sites and a new site classification system and design response spectra (DRS) were proposed using the results of the site-specific response analyses. In this paper, the proposed site classification system and the design response spectra are compared with those in other seismic codes and verified by different methods. Firstly, the design response spectra are compared with the design response spectra in Eurocode 8, KBC 2016 and MOCT 1997 to estimate quantitative differences and general trends. Secondly, site-specific response analyses are carried out using $V_S$-profiles obtained using field seismic tests and the results are compared with the proposed DRS in order to reduce the uncertainty in using the SPT-N value in site-specific response analyses in the companion paper (I). In addition, site coefficients from real earthquake records measured in Korean peninsula are used to compare with the proposed site coefficients. Finally, dynamic centrifuge tests are also performed to simulate the representative Korean site conditions, such as shallow depth to bedrock and short-period amplification characteristics. The overall results showed that the proposed site classification system and design response spectra reasonably represented the site amplification characteristic of shallow bedrock condition in Korea.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2016

In the companion paper (I - Database and Site Response Analyses), site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 domestic sites. In this study, a new site classification system and design response spectra are proposed using results of the site-specific response analyses. Depth to bedrock (H) and average shear wave velocity of soil above the bedrock ($V_{S,Soil}$) were adopted as parameters to classify the sites into sub-categories because these two factors mostly affect site amplification, especially for shallow bedrock region. The 20 m of depth to bedrock was selected as the initial parameter for site classification based on the trend of site coefficients obtained from the site-specific response analyses. The sites having less than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H1 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes using 260 m/s of $V_{S,Soil}$ while the sites having greater than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H2 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes at $V_{S,Soil}$ equal to 180 m/s. The integration interval of 0.4 ~ 1.5 sec period range was adopted to calculate the long-period site coefficients ($F_v$) for reflecting the amplification characteristics of Korean geological condition. In addition, the frequency distribution of depth to bedrock reported for Korean sites was also considered in calculating the site coefficients for H2 sites to incorporate sites having greater than 30 m of depth to bedrock. The relationships between the site coefficients and rock shaking intensity were proposed and then subsequently compared with the site coefficients of similar site classes suggested in other codes.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.741-777
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• 2016

A simplified approach of assessing torsionally balanced (TB) and torsionally unbalanced (TU) low-medium rise buildings of up to 30 m in height is presented in this paper for regions of low-to-moderate seismicity. The Generalised Force Method of Analysis for TB buildings which is illustrated in the early part of the paper involves calculation of the deflection profile of the building in a 2D analysis in order that a capacity diagram can be constructed to intercept with the acceleration-displacement response spectrum diagram representing seismic actions. This approach of calculation on the planar model of a building which involves applying lateral forces to the building (waiving away the need of a dynamic analysis and yet obtaining similar results) has been adapted for determining the deflection behaviour of a TU building in the later part of the paper. Another key original contribution to knowledge is taking into account the strong dependence of the torsional response behaviour of the building on the periodic properties of the applied excitations in relation to the natural periods of vibration of the building. Many of the trends presented are not reflected in provisions of major codes of practices for the seismic design of buildings. The deflection behaviour of the building in response to displacement controlled (DC) excitations is in stark contrast to behaviour in acceleration controlled (AC), or velocity controlled (VC), conditions, and is much easier to generalise. Although DC conditions are rare with buildings not exceeding 30 m in height displacement estimates based on such conditions can be taken as upper bound estimates in order that a conservative prediction of the displacement profile at the edge of a TU building can be obtained conveniently by the use of a constant amplification factor to scale results from planar analysis.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2010

Recently, a grow in size and features of Interior construction work over the complex and The Fire-related regulations have been strengthened for the prevention of fire damage. This study is purpose to propose interior design, construction and supervision for the efficient and reasonable way throughout the fire-related laws are investigated in interior architecture. First, the interior of the building work will be based on actual use Fire-related Laws and Regulations have be investigated. Second, based on analysis of material and facilities by Application can be used in production by the data were applied to the present. Third, the international Fire and Flame Retardant Standards for investigating and reviewing the relevant laws, differences and characteristics of each country were analyzed. Fourth, the various fire-related issues of regulation and the application of relevant provisions in the field works, the law's standards, and improvements were identified by analysis. Fire-Related Laws and Building codes that Safety Administration of the Fire Services are divided into design, it comes to approval from the municipal authorities with concerns about the fire that will fit on the Fire Department's administrative procedures and operations is necessary to integrate operations. In conclusion, Fire-related business are divided into Minister of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs and Ministry of Public Administration and Security. So, Both institutions is need to be the cooperative work. It is necessary to the field supervision. Because, Flame-resistant performance standards in the field works applied are too complex. Last, Establishment of fire-related regulations will enact by private organizations and the experts to participate.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.403-421
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• 2008

The design provisions for semi-rigid steel frames have been incorporated in codes of practice for steel structures. In order to do the same, it is necessary to know the experimental moment-relative rotation (M-${\theta}_r$) behaviour of beam-to-column connections. In spite of numerous publications and collection of several connection databases, there is no unified approach for the semi-rigid design of steel frames. Amongst the many connection models available, the Frye-Morris polynomial model, with its limitations reported in the literature, is simple to adopt at least for the linear design space. However this model requires more number of connection tests and regression analyses to make it a realistic prediction model. In this paper, 3D nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis of beam-column connection specimens, carried out using ABAQUS software, for evaluating the M-${\theta}_r$ behaviour of semi-rigid top and seat-angle (TSA) bolted connections are described. The finite element model is validated against experimental behaviour of the same connection with regard to their moment-rotation behaviour, stress distribution and mode of failure of the connections. The calibrated FE model is used to evaluate the performance of the Frye-Morris polynomial model. The results of the numerical parametric studies carried out using the validated FE model have been used in proposing modifications to the Frye-Morris model for TSA connection in terms of the powers of the size parameters.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제68권5호
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• pp.575-589
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• 2018

It is well known that the incidence angle of seismic excitation has an influence on the structural response of buildings, and this effect can be more significant in the case of near-fault signals. However, current seismic codes do not include detailed requirements regarding the direction of application of the seismic action and they have only recently introduced specific provisions about near-fault earthquakes. Thus, engineers have the task of evaluating all the relevant directions or the most critical conditions case by case, in order to avoid underestimating structural demand. To facilitate the identification of the most critical incidence angle, this paper presents a procedure which makes use of a two-degree of freedom model for representing a building. The proposed procedure makes it possible to avoid the extensive computational effort of multiple dynamic analyses with varying angles of incidence of ground motion excitation, which is required if a spatial multi-degree of freedom model is used for representing a building. The procedure is validated through the analysis of two case studies consisting of an eight- and a six-storey reinforced concrete frame building, selected as representative of existing structures located in Italy. A set of 124 near-fault ground motion records oriented along 8 incidence angles, varying from 0 to 180 degrees, with increments of 22.5 degrees, is used to excite the structures. Comparisons between the results obtained with detailed models of the two structures and the proposed procedure are used to show the accuracy of the latter in the prediction of the most critical angle of seismic incidence.