• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2001

The paper addresses the suitability of wind pressure coefficients specified in contemporary design standards and codes of practice for gable roofs of intermediate slope (roof angle $10^{\circ}-30^{\circ}$). In a recent research study, a series of low building models with different roof slopes in this intermediate range were tested in a boundary layer wind tunnel under simulated open country terrain conditions. This was different from the original study in the 70's, which produced the current provisions on the basis of a model tested only for a single roof slope (4:12) in this range. The results of the study suggest that a modification to the American wind provisions would be warranted to make them more representative of the true local and area-averaged wind loads imposed on gable roofs of intermediate slope.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.1407-1433
• /
• 2015

The objections raised by researchers to the design provisions reported in Eurocode 8 make the efficient seismic performance of the eccentrically braced structures designed according to this code unlikely. Given the rationality and the number of the objections, this paper aims to summarize the criticism of researchers and report the opinion of the Authors. The objections raised to the design procedure of eccentrically braced structures regard aspects common to the design of steel structures and aspects specifically related to the design of eccentrically braced structures. The significance of these objections is also shown by means of exemplary cases.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 1992.10a
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 1992

This study is directed to propose a stability analysis and Design Criteria for Bridge Caisson foundations, with Could possibly replace the traditionals W.S.D. provisions of the Current Code, based on the FBOR(Load Factors based on optimum Reliability). The optimum reliability indices(Vertical bearing Capacity : $\beta$opt : 3.19, Lateral bearing Capacity : $\beta$opt= 3.15(ordinary), $\beta$opt : 2.93 (earthquake), Shearing resistance Capacity ; $\beta$opt : 2.87) are Selected as optimal Values Considering our practice base on the Calibration with the current Bridge Caisson foundation design Safety provisions, Load and resistance factors are measure by Using the proposed uncertainties and the Selected optimum reliability indices. furthermore, a set of nominal safety factors are proposed for the U.S.D. design provisions.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.19-45
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to research the contents and issues of the draft legislation of Part VI the Carriage by Act of Korean Commercial Code in respect of the liability of the carrier in the carriage of cargo by air, comparing to the related provisions of the Montreal Convention of 1999. The Montreal Convention in respect of the international carriage by air was adopted in 1999, and Korea has ratified the Montreal Convention in 2007. However, there is now no national legislation in respect of the carriage by air in Korea. Thus, the Ministry of Justice has prepared the draft legislation of Part VI the Carriage by Air of the Korean Commercial Code in July 2008, and the draft legislation is now being reviewed by the National Assembly. The draft provisions of Part VI the Carriage by Air are basically adopting most of the related provisions of the Montreal Convention in respect of the carriage of cargo by air and some draft provisions are applying the related provisions of the Korean Commercial Code in respect of the carriage of cargo by land and sea. In respect of the liability of the carrier in the carriage of cargo by air, the contents of the draft legislation of Part VI the Carriage by air are composed of the provisions in respect of the cause of the liability of the and the application for the non-contractual claim, the limit of liability, the exoneration from liability, the extinguishment of liability, the notice of damage to cargo, the liability of the agents and servants of the carrier, and the liability of the actual carrier and successive carrier. The draft legislation of the Carriage by Air of Korean Commercial Code is different from the provisions of the Montreal Convention is respect of the liability of the carrier in the carriage of cargo by air as follows : the draft Article 913 paragraph 1 provides additionally the riot, civil war and quarantine as the exoneration causes from the liability for damage to the cargo of the carrier in the Article 18 paragraph 2 of the Montreal Convention. In respect of the liability of the carrier in carriage of cargo by air, the draft legislation of Part VI the Carriage by Air does not provide the settlement by arbitration of dispute relating to the liability of the carrier and the requirement of adequate insurance covering the liability of the carrier which are provided in the Montreal Convention. In author's opinion, it is desirable that the above mentioned provisions such as the arbitration and the insurance shall be inserted into the draft legislation of the Carriage by Air of Korean Commercial Code. In conclusion, the legislation of Part VI the Carriage by Air of the Korean Commercial Code shall be made by the National Assembly as soon as possible for the smooth and equitable compensation for damage to cargo arising during the carriage by air.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2003

This paper is intended as an investigation of introduction of Maritime Security System. In the last few years, several articles have been devoted to the study of ISPS Code(International Code for the Security of Ships and of Port Facilities). The Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Security held in London in December 2002 adopted new provisions in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 and this ISPS Code to enhance maritime security. These new requirements form the international framework through which ships and port facilities can co-operate to detect and deter acts which threaten security in the maritime transport sector. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to suggest an introduction of Maritime Security System and understanding of ISPS Code.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.52-56
• /
• 2021

There is no assurance that malware could only cause virtual damage to computer programs and data as its potential is endless. However, legal provisions were earlier developed to cater to either a physical damage caused by a physical action or a virtual damage caused by a virtual action. When crossovers occur, it becomes quite uncertain as to how viable the current laws are in handling this matter. The author seeks to address the issue from the perspective of the laws of Malaysia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2013.04a
• /
• pp.400-400
• /
• 2013

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2003

This paper is intended as an investigation of introduction of Maritime Security System. In the last few years, several articles have been devoted to the study of ISPS Code(International Code for the Security of Ships and of Port Facilities). The Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Security held in London in December 2002 adopted new provisions in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 and this ISPS Code to enhance maritime security. These new requirements form the international framework through which ships and port facilities can co-operate to detect and deter acts which threaten security in the maritime transport sector. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to suggest an introduction, if Maritime Security System and understanding of ISPS Code.

• Computational Structural Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study is to evaluate performance and safety of structures designed according to current seismic code or provisions (e.g., Uniform Building Code(UBC), NEHRP provisions, etc.) during lifetime of structures. The performance is represented in terns of reliability in this paper. To perform reliability analyses, a large number of time history response analyses for a given structure are usually required. In this study, to perform reliability analyses ground motions are generated based on nonstationary random process and structures are designed based on UBC. In this paper, responses of structures under a given earthquake is evaluated using dynamic nonlinear time history analyses and also an equivalent nonlinear system (ENS) with response scaling factors. The ENS system is described in the companion paper. Therefore, this paper evaluates the seismic performance of structures and also verify the accuracy of ENS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.269-281
• /
• 2001

Along with the development of marine transport, there emerged the concept of actual carrier. Actual carrier is a special subject in marine cargo transportation. The provisions regarding actual carriers have first been established in the Hamburg Rules and are introduced into the Maritime Code of PRC(hereinafter called the Code). But in China, because of different opinions in the legal interpretation of actual carriers, there is much divergence in practice. The purpose of this paper is to make a study on the definition of the actual carrier, the identity of the actual carrier and the liabilities of the actual carrier in the Code.