• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.137-154
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to analyze vowel lengthening triggered by resyllabification. In general, short vowels become long when a following consonant is deleted, as shown in stehli 'steel' > st$\bar{e}$li and *fimf 'five' > five. We can account for the phenomenon in a straightforward way within the framework of CV phonology (Clements & Keyser, 1983) : deletion of a coda consonant C slot and then the preceding vowel spreads onto it, resulting in a long vowel. The analysis, however, cannot hold for words like ealhes 'temple', where deletion of an onset segment eventually triggers vowel lengthening in the preceding syllable. In order to account for this, I propose resyllabification. That is, ealhes first becomes eales by /h/-deletion. Next, the /l/ in coda is resyllabified as the onset of the following syllable, leaving its C slot unoccupied. Finally, the vowel spreads onto the empty slot, producing a long vowel.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the English l sound in an English short story produced by 16 Korean students in order to determine various allophones of the sound using acoustic visual displays and perceptual judgments. The subjects read the story in a quiet office at normal speed. Each word included the lateral sound in onset or coda positions and before a vowel of the following word. Results showed as follows: Firstly, there was a durational difference between the two major groups. Also the majority of the subjects produced the clear l regardless of the contexts. Some students produced the sound as the Korean flap or the English glide [r]. A few missing cases were also seen. The dark l was mostly produced by the subjects of English majors in coda position with a few cases before a vowel in a phrase. Visual displays using the computer analysis were very helpful in distinguishing lateral variants but sometimes perceptual process would be necessary to judge them in fast and weak production of the target word. Further studies would be desirable to test the discrepancies between the acoustical and perceptual decisions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.135-146
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• 2002

The so-called overapplication of Coda Neutralization in Korean, the occurrence of a neutralized consonant in a non-neutralizing environment, is often considered as evidence for serial derivation. In this paper I propose that the neutralization effect at surface is not a result of a phonological process at an intermediate level in serial derivation, but due to a constraint requiring the integrity of the morphological constituent: EDGE-INTEGRITY. It is argued that this is not reducible to an alignment constraint, but a genuine faithfulness constraint on the edge of a morphological constituent. The putative opacity related with the coda neutralization is shown to be an epiphenomenon arising from the ambisyllabic representation of a consonant at a morphological juncture, satisfying both EDGE-INTEGRITY arid Syllabic Conditions. Consonant Copy in the Jeju dialect provides further evidence for EDGE-INTEGRITY, the Only difference being that the conflict between Syllabic Conditions and EDGE-INTEGRITY is resolved by insertion of a copied consonant.

• MALSORI
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• no.56
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

This study examined the speech intelligibility of one-syllable words with phonetic contrasts and analyzed segmental factors that can predict the overall speech intelligibility in hearing-impaired adults. To identify the speech error characteristics, a Korean word list was audio-recorded by 7 hearing-impaired adults, and 35 listeners selected the heard word out of 5 choices. Based in part on previous studies of speech of the hearing impaired, the word list consisted of monosyllabic consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) real word pairs. Stimulus words included 77 phonetic contrast pairs. The results showed that the percentage of errors in final position (coda) contrast was higher than in any other position in syllable. And the intelligibility deficit factors of phonetic contrast in the hearing-impaired were analyzed through stepwise regression analysis. The overall intelligibility was predicted by the error rate of manner contrast at coda, voicing contrast (homorganic triplets) at onset and high-low contrast at nucleus.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.169-172
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary data on the acoustical differences of one syllable words spoken by speakers with different language backgrounds. 20 native speakers of Korean and English were asked to read 7 one-syllable words written in their native language. The phonetic and phonemic characteristics of 7 words were similar between two languages. The ratio of duration of the body (onset+nucleus) and the rhyme(nucleus+coda) relative to the duration of each syllable were calculated using CSL (Computerized Speech Laboratory). The results corresponds to the body-coda structure of the Korean syllable which is supported by the recent experimental psychological studies. More acoustic studies on the Korean syllable structure are required to establish clinical foundation for the phonological awareness and the reading intervention programs.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07d
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• pp.2965-2967
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• 2000

다양한 인터넷 응용 프로그램들이 웹 기반으로 통합되고 여러 방면에서 business-critical한 경우가 많아짐에 따라 웹서버의 고가용성과 안정성이 갈수록 강조되고 있고. 이를 보장하기 위한 리눅스 기반의 클러스터링 환경에서는 다양한 조건하에서도 데이터의 손실 없이 파일 입출력을 효과적으로 지원할 수 있는 분산 파일 시스템이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 리눅스 클러스터 환경에 적합한 분산 파일 시스템의 하나로서 카네기 멜론 대학에서 제안되어 개발 중에 있는 네트워크 분산 파일 시스템인 Coda 에 대하여. 가용성 및 효율성, 확장성 등에 대한 장단점을 간단히 소개하고, Coda을 적용한 고가용성 웹 서버의 구현 결과와 향후 개선 방향에 대해서 설명하도록 하겠다.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.127-158
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• 2019

In this paper, the variation in coda /ɾ/ is analyzed in the Spanish of the Tupe district in Peru. The work was carried out on the corpus of 24 semi-structured interviews. Four variants of /-ɾ/ were distinguished and 1920 tokens were analyzed. Praat was used to recognize and describe the variants and two statistical analysis were carried out: descriptive analysis and probabilistic analysis using the statistical program Goldvarb X. The results obtained from the analysis show that the assibilated variant is favored in the prepausal position and before homorganic consonants. The frequency of occurrence was very low before other consonants. Regarding the social factor that contributes to the assimilated variant, the young and middle-aged men (from 20 to 60), those who did not live more than a year on the Peruvian coast and male speakers favor it.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.263-267
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• 2009

Recently intrinsic and scattering quality factor ($\varrho_i^{-1}$ and $\varrho_s^{-1}$) was successfully separated from total quality factor ($\varrho_t^{-1}$) on the seismic data of the Korean Peninsula. From this result, we theoretically calculated the expected coda quality factor ($\varrho_{Cexp}^{-1}$) based on multiple scattering model, and compared with other quality factors such as $\varrho_t^{-1}$, $\varrho_i^{-1}$, $\varrho_s^{-1}$, and observed coda quality factor ($\varrho_c^{-1}$) obtained by single scattering model. While the $\varrho_{Cexp}^{-1}$ values are comparable to the $\varrho_i^{-1}$ values, the $\varrho_c^{-1}$ values are close to the values of $\varrho_t^{-1}$ rather than $\varrho_i^{-1}$ and $\varrho_{Cexp}^{-1}$ except for the 24 Hz frequency. This results suggest that the assumption of uniform scatterer in the Korean Peninsula is unrealistic.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-89
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• 2016

The stress dependence of ultrasonic wave velocity is known as the acoustoelastic effect. This effect is useful for stress monitoring if the acoustoelastic coefficient of a subject medium is known. The acoustoelastic coefficients of metallic materials such as steel have been studied widely. However, the acoustoelastic coefficient of concrete has not been well understood yet. Basic constituents of concrete are water, cement, and aggregates. The mix proportion of those constituents greatly affects many mechanical and physical properties of concrete and so does the acoustoelastic coefficient of concrete. In this study, influence of the water-cement ratio (w/c ratio) and the fine-coarse aggregates ratio (fa/ta ratio) on the acoustoelastic coefficient of concrete was investigated. The w/c and the fa/ta ratios are important parameters in mix design and affect wave behaviors in concrete. Load-controlled uni-axial compression tests were performed on concrete specimens. Ultrasonic wave measurements were also performed during the compression tests. The stretching coda wave interferometry method was used to obtain the relative velocity change of ultrasonic waves with respect to the stress level of the specimens. From the experimental results, it was found that the w/c ratio greatly affects the acoustoelastic coefficient while the fa/ta ratio does not. The acoustoelastic coefficient increased from $0.003073MPa^{-1}$ to $0.005553MPa^{-1}$ when the w/c ratio was increased from 0.4 to 0.5. On the other hand, the acoustoelastic coefficient changed in small from $0.003606MPa^{-1}$ to $0.003801MPa^{-1}$ when the fa/ta ratio was increased from 0.3 to 0.5. Finally, it was also found that the relative velocity change has a linear relationship with the stress level of concrete.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2019

Background: Although physical activity is known to be beneficial to lung function, few studies have been conducted to investigate the correlation between physical activity and lung function in dusty areas. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between physical activity and lung function in a Korean cohort including normal and COPD-diagnosed participants. Methods: Data obtained from the COPD in dusty areas (CODA) cohort was analyzed for the following factors: lung function, symptoms, and information about physical activity. Information on physical activity was valuated using questionnaires, and participants were categorized into two groups: active and inactive. The evaluation of the mean lung function, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea grade scores, and COPD assessment test scores was done based on the participant physical activity using a general linear model after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, pack-years, height, and weight. In addition, a stratification analysis was performed based on the smoking status and COPD. Results: Physical activity had a correlation with high forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) among CODA cohort (p=0.03). While the active group exhibited significantly higher $FEV_1$ compared to one exhibited by the inactive group among past smokers (p=0.02), no such correlation existed among current smokers. There was no significant difference observed in lung function after it was stratified by COPD. Conclusion: This study established a positive correlation between regular physical activity in dusty areas and lung function in participants.