• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권11호
• /
• pp.3239-3242
• /
• 2013

An improved rapid method for determination of the fatty acid composition using modified methylation procedure was compared with the AOAC reference procedure based on the methylation of fatty acid with the addition of BF3 catalyst before and while heating. The new method is useful for research and routine quality control and has a number of advantages over the reference procedure which are more rapid, simple and also reliable. Applicability of the modified methylation method was confirmed with three vegetable oil samples (palm oil, coconut oil and olive oil). Based on the validation method results, we obtained that a quite linear calibration curve of fatty acids was performed with $R^2$ in range of 0.9972-0.9994. The sensitivity of gas chromatography instrument was able to analyze the fatty acids up to a few ppm, the precision and accuracy were good enough with the %RSD between 1.5%-19.5% and the recovery of linolenic acid was 99.1% in the range of 80.0%-113.3%.

• 농업생명과학연구
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2010

Alternative subirrigation way, capillary wick system (CWS) was tested to reduce labor cost, waste water, contamination of ground water, and use of fungicide compared to overhead irrigation system (OIS). CWS helped reduce remarkably the working hours for watering from 4 hours in OSI to just 5 minutes. Labor cost was saved 98% in CWS compared to OIS. By the physical characteristics of various growing media, 1 coconut coir+2 perlite (v/v) mixture was selected because it had an ideal distribution of three phase, e.g. 1 solid: 1 liquid: 2 gas phase. Medium mixture containing scoria had so high bulk and particle density to hurt root. In bark-containing medium, the liquid phase and the percent saturation of liquid phase with time elapsed was lower than that of other mixture. It meant that the mixture contained very low level of water. Application of CWS for cyclamen pot production played an important role in reducing the incident of fusarium wilt symptom from 18% in conventional over watering system to 4%. Cyclamen pot irrigated by capillary wick had shorter petiole and more leaves than those by overhead watering. As a result, this system was highly beneficial to get uniform pot products with high quality. It improved water and nutrient solution efficiency relative to conventional overhead irrigation system (OIS).

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제27권12호
• /
• pp.1311-1320
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 pilot 규모의 활성탄 공정을 운전하면서 입상활성탄(granular activated carbon: GAC) 단계에서부터 생물활성탄(biological activated carbon: BAC) 단계로 전환되고 난 후 까지 활성탄 재질별로 유기물 제거능과 미생물 군집특성을 함께 조사하였다. 활성탄 재질별 유기물 흡착능은 석탄계 재질의 활성탄이 가장 우수하였고, bed volume 20,000 이후부터는 3가지 활성탄들이 정성상태에 도달하였다. 부착세균의 생체량과 생산력 또한 석탄계 재질 활성탄에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, heterotrophic plate count(HPC), eubacteria(EUB), 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) 및 생산력은 각각 $0.95{\times}10^7{\sim}52.4{\times}10^7$ CFU/g, $3.8{\times}10^8{\sim}134.2{\times}10^8$ cell/g, $7.0{\times}10^8{\sim}250.2{\times}10^8$ cell/g 및 $1.2{\sim}3.4\;mg{\cdot}C/m^3{\cdot}h$의 범위로 나타났다. 그리고 부착세균의 생체량과 생산력은 모두 bed volume 20,000 이후부터 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 활성탄 재질별 부착세균 생체량과 세균 생산력에 대한 동화가능한 유기탄소(assimilable organic carbon: AOC) 제거율과의 상관성 평가에서는 석탄계 재질 활성탄이 가장 양호한 상관성을 보였으며, 항목별로는 세균 생산력에 대한 상관성이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. Fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)에 의한 세균군집 구조 조사결과, bed volume 20,000까지는 모든 활성탄에서 $\alpha$ 그룹($\alpha$-proteobacteria)과 other bacteria가 우점하였고, bed volume 20,000 이상에서는 석탄계 재질 환성탄에서는 $\beta$ 그룹($\beta$-proteobacteria)과 $\gamma$ 그룹($\gamma$-proteobacteria)의 우점비율이 상승하였으나, 야자계와 목탄계에서는 $\alpha,\;\beta$ 및 $\gamma$ 그룹의 우점비율이 상승하는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2002

지방산을 이용한 살충비누의 제조와 이를 이용한 해충의 환경친화적 방제연구를 수행하였고 그 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 각 지방산의 중화가(Acid value)를 기준으로 비누화에 필요한 수산화칼륨의 투입량을 결정할 수 있었으며, 야자지방산의 경우 중화가가 266.3mg KOH/g으로 지방산 1kg당 수산화칼륨 266g이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 2) 25%의 비누 함량이 되게 제조하기 위해서 지방산별 반응식을 조사하였고, 이에 따라 물의 첨가량을 결정할 수 있었으며, 야자지방산을 이용한 25% 살충비누의 제조에는 지방산 1kg에 수산화탈륨 266g과 물 3,459l가 소요되고 제조된 비누액은 4,644l인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사용하는 물은 연수를 이용하여야 하였다. 3) 25% 제조된 살충비누의 물성을 조사한 결과 젤리상의 올레인산 비누를 제외하고는 점도가 낮은 액상이었으며, 산도는 알칼리성으로 25% 야자지방산의 경우 pH 9이상으로 나타났다. 또한 50% 이상 고농도의 살충비누를 제조하면 냉각 후 젤리상태가 되어 희석하여 이용하는데 불편하였다. 4) 살충비누 제조공정의 요인으로 반응온도는 중탕방식으로 90$^{\circ}$이상, 교반속도는 60~120rpm, 반응시간은 30분 이상이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 5) 살충비누제조 공정은 중탕, 교반 가능한 반응기를 활용하여 1. 수산화칼륨 수용액 제조 및 가온(90$^{\circ}$), 2. 지방산 투입, 3. 30분이상 교반 반응, 4. 냉각을 통해 제조할 수 있었다. 6) 고추진딧물의 포장 방제가 조사실험결과 모든 지방산에서 살충효과를 나타냈으며, 지방산의 탄소수가 낮을수록, 살포 농도가 높을수록, 살포회수가 증가할수록 방제가가 높은 경향이었다. 7) 25% 야자지방산의 경우 50배에서 5일간격 2회처리 후부터 고추에 발생하는 진딧물에 대한 방제가가 92%이상이 되었으며, 100배액에서는 5일간격 3회처리 후부터 94%의 방제가를 나타내었다. 8) 양배추의 복숭아진딧물에 대한 25% 야자지방산 살충비누 50배액의 살포결과 1회 처리후 95%이상, 2회 처리후 100%에 가까운 방제가를 나타냈다. 9) 강낭통의 점박이응애에 대한 25% 야자지방산 살충비누 50배액, 100배액 살포결과 2회처리 후부터 거의 100%에 가까운 방제효과를 보였으며, 알에 대한 부화억제효과도 인정되었다. 10) 효과증진제 첨가 실험결과 이소프로필알콜 0.1%이상 첨가 살포에서 2회처리시에 약간의 살충력 증진 효과를 보였으며, 규조토 첨가는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 11) 노지재배 고추의 약해검정결과 25%카프릴산비누 50배액을 제외하고는 약해가 발생하지 않았으며, 25% 카프론산 비누의 100배액은 고추 유묘기에 약해를 나타내었다. 양배추에서는 25% 카프릴산 비누 100배액에서 약해를 보였으나, 25% 야자지방산의 경우 50~100배액 어디에서도 액해를 보이지 않았다. 별도로 적용한 시험에서, 토마토의 경우에도 25% 야자지방산 비누 50~100배액 모두 약해를 발생하지 않았으나, 오이에서는 25% 야자지방산 비누 100배액에도 약해를 나타내었다. 12) 이상의 결과, 천연지방산을 이용하여 유기농업에 허용되는 각종의 살충비누를 제조할 수 있었으며, 방제가 조사결과 진딧물, 응애 등 껍질이 연약한 곤충의 방제에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 제조된 살충비누를 활용하면 환경친화적인 해충방제가 가능하다고 판단되었다.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 고지혈을 일으킨 햄스터에게 나린진과 양파즙을 투여하여 고지혈을 낮추는 효과를 조사하고자 하였다. 고지혈 햄스터는 basal diet에 10% 코코넛오일과 0.05% 콜레스테롤로 고지혈을 일으켰다. 실험군은 5군의 그룹으로 나뉘어 40일간 실험식이를 각각 제공하였는데 즉 정상군, 대조군, 50%의 양파즙과 50%의 물을 혼합한군(OEN), 100% 양파즙군(OES), 100% 양파즙과 1% 나린진을 혼합한군(OESN)이다. 나린진을 처리한 그룹에서는 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지질 레벨은 현저하게 감소되었고 HDL 콜레스테롤은 증가하였다. 한편 간조직은 대조군과 비교하여 미토콘드리아와 핵의 형태가 현저하게 달랐다. 결론적으로 나린진을 함유한 양파즙은 간에서 콜레스테롤을 감소시켰다. 양파즙과 나린진추출물의 혼합은 콜레스테롤을 감소시키는 시너지 효과를 나타내었다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2008

Aerides vandarum and Vanda stangeana are two rare and endangered vandaceous orchids with immense floricultural traits. The intergeneric hybrids were synthesized by performing reciprocal crosses between them. In vitro germination response of the immature hybrid embryos was found to be best on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 20% (v/v) coconut water/liquid endosperm from tender coconut. Determination of hybridity was made as early as the immature seeds or embryos germinated in vitro, using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of 15 arbitrarily chosen decamer RAPD primers, two were found to be useful in amplification of polymorphic bands specific to the parental species and their presence in the reciprocal crosses. However, a decisive profile that can identify the reciprocal crosses could not be provided by RAPD. Amplification of the trnL-F non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA of the parent species and hybrids aided easy identification of the reciprocal crosses from the fact that maternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA held true for these intergeneric hybrids. Subsequent restriction digestion of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified trnL-F non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA also consolidated the finding. Such PCR-based molecular markers could be used for early determination of hybridity and easy identification of the reciprocal crosses.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 1993

Adsorption process using granular activated carbon(GAC) has been considered as one of the most effective water treatment technologies to remove humic acid which is recon- niEed as trihalomethane(THM) precursor in chlorination. To design the most effective GAC process, it is necessary to conduct the test of adsor- ption performance by means of isothem, batch rate and column studies and to select the most effective activated carbon according to raw materials of GAC - lignite and coconut shell. The objective of this study is to investigate the adsorption performance of humid acid on two activated carbons - lignite activated carbon(LAC) and coconut shell activated car- bon(CAC) made in Korea. It is available to represent UV-abs and trihalomethane formation potential(THMFP) as concentration of humic acid due to good relationship. The adsorption capacity of humid acid is not concerned with surface area of activated carbon but with pore size related to about $100{\AA}$, and then LAC forming at the extent of mesopore is found to be eight times more effective in adsorption capacity than CAC forming at micropore. The adsorption capacity of LAC and CAC is better at pH 5.5 than at pH 7. Pore and surface diffusion coefficients calculated from the diffusion model are $7.61\times10^{-13}m^2/sec$, $3.52\times10^{-15}m^2/sec$ for CAC, and $3.38\times10^{-12}m^2$/sec and $Ds=1.48{\times}10^{-15}m^2/sec$ for GAC respectively. From the results of column test it shows that the performance of LAC is also better than CAC and the optimal EBCT(Empty Bed Contact Time) is 4.52min. and activated carbon removes selectively the components of humic acid to be easily formed to THM.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.375-385
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for gingivitis management programs by dental hygienists by evaluating the effect of oral health education, oil pulling, and professional toothbrushing on gingivitis. Methods: A total of 38 subjects were divided into three groups: control group (12 subjects), experimental group 1 (13 subjects), and experimental group 2 (13 subjects). The control and experimental groups were instructed to brush using the rotating method. Distilled water was provided to the control group after training. Coconut oil was provided every morning for about 10 minutes. In the experimental group 2, a professional brushing method was used at each visit. Results: There were no significant differences in oral health among the three groups, and there was homology between patient hygiene performance (PHP) index (p=0.144) and bleeding rate (p=0.213). The PHP index showed a significant interaction between the group and measurement time. The control and experimental groups showed changes in the PHP index with time (F=3.711; p=0.013). The bleeding rate showed a significant interaction between the group and measurement period. The control and experimental groups showed changes in the bleeding rate with time (F=6.707; p<0.001). Conclusions: Oral health education, professional toothbrushing, and oil pulling specialists in oral care of gingivitis were effective in managing gingivitis. It is necessary to educate people on self-management methods for oral health promotion using gingivitis management programs by dental hygienists.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.446-453
• /
• 2010

This study was investigated nine nitrosamines in small tributary rivers, sewage treatment plants (STPs) and drinking water treatment plants. They are N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA) and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPHA). The nine nitrosamines were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using solid phase extraction (SPE) with a coconut charcoal cartridge. Among the nine nitrosamines, NDMA, NMEA, NDEA, NDPA NDBA and NDPHA were detected in small tributary rivers and sewage tretment plants. In small tributary rivers, NDMA, NMEA, NDEA, NDPA, NDBA and NDPHA were obtained as ND~16.4 ng/L, ND~17.7 ng/L, ND~102.4 ng/L, ND~455.4 ng/L, ND~330.1 ng/L and ND~161.0 ng/L, respectively. Also NDMA, NMEA, NDEA, NDPA and NDBA were investigated ND~821.4 ng/L, 22.5~55.4 ng/L, 53.2~588.5 ng/L, ND~56.6 ng/L and ND~527.9 ng/L in STPs, respectively. In drinking water treatment plants, NMEA and NDEA concentration were increased to as high as 38.8 ng/L after ozonation process. However nitrosamines were decreased subsequent biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment process. It was supposed that nitrosamines were formed by $O_3$ oxidation and were removed by biodegradation of BAC.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.60-65
• /
• 2000

The yeast extract, coconut water, safflower seed oil, arachidonic acid, linolenic acid, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate were added to Gamborg's B$_{5}$ medium. The changes on productivity of baccatin III were estimated every 30 minutes and the results were compared using the selected high yielding cell culture system of Taxus cuspidata. In most cases, the peaks of baccatin III productivity occured at 90~120 min after addition of elicitors. Among the compound elicitors, safflower seed oil showed the highest productivity of baccatin III. Also arachidonic acid and linolenic acid increased the baccatin III production.