• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 1982

Present investigation was carried out to clarify chemical characteristics, lipid composition, fatty acid components and the sterol composition of the lipids from the fresh-water cockle, Corbicula slatier. The results obtained are as follows :1) The oil content, iodine value and unsaponifiable matter of the total .lipids were 2.17, 119 and $16.6\%$ respectively. 2) The main components of the total lipids were phospholipids (ahout $43\%$), triglyceride and sterol. 3) The main fatty acids of the total lipids were $C_{16:0}\;(48.4\%),\;C_{14:0}\;(10.0\%),\;C_{18:3}\;(8.3\%),\;C_14:1\;(5.4\%)\;and\;C_{18:1}\;(5.3\%)$. 4) Sterols found were 24-methylenecholesterol ($14.1\%$), $\beta-sitosterol(22.5\%)$, fucosterol ($14.9\%$), isofucosterol (?) ($14.0\%$), $\Delta^7-avenasterol (?)(5.2\%)$ and cholesterol ($2.3\%$).

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2000

This study was investigated the environment of waste shells such as oyster, cockle and paphia on southern shore in korea and established the recycling method to prevent the environmental pollution, etc. The waste shells were reclaimed at public shore illegally or leaved on the surroundings of shore. The origin mechanism, XRD and TG-DTA analyses were performed to effective recycling of waste shells, and the optimal recycling method was preparation of the calcium carbonate. In this work, calcium carbonate and lime fertilizer of granular shape were prepared using the waste shell.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.148-149
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• 2013

Recently, the construction industry in South Korea, has experienced many difficulties in lack of supply with construction materials. Since waste shells can be possibly used as replacement materials of fine aggregate, the successful application can resolve, to some extent at least, the economic problems and environmental problems. In this research, the basic physical properties of the mortar which was used as fine aggregate substitute (clam, cockle, manila clam, oyster) were evaluated. According to the experimental results, the absorption rate and compressive strength of samples with various shells were equivalent to that of plain mortar. The mortar which replaced 25% of oyster shell with sand showed approximately 30% lower compressive strength and twice as much absorption as plain mortar. It was found that waste shells can be used as replacement materials of fine aggregate, but the oyster shell requires further experimental works in order for its successful application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.758-761
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the contamination levels of harmful heavy metals that sampled from June. 1 to June. 31, 1999, at 3 areas in Jeonbuk west cost area. The heavy metal contents were determinated by ICPS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer) method. The levels of total lead, cadmium, aluminum, zinc and copper were determined and the results were summarized as follows: The minimum and maximum values (ppm) of 3 areas of shellfishes (shortneck clam, hard clam, cockle clam, snail and top sell) were Pb: 1.29~4.35, Cd:0.12~0.37, Al: 9.45~54.06, Zn: 9.65~15.14, Cu: 0.62~1.64 ppm.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2010

We examined physiological responses related to the survival, oxygen consumption and filtration rate of the blood cockle, Tegillaarca granosa as a result of salinity changes. The 44-day $LS_{50}$ (median lethal salinity) at $10^{\circ}C$ for adult and juvenile was 15.8 (confidence limits 13.5-18.2 psu) and 16.2 (confidence limits 14.1-18.4 psu) psu respectively, whereas the 11-day $LS_{50}$ at $25^{\circ}C$ for adult and juvenile was 16.8 psu (confidence limits 12.9-21.2 psu) and 22.4 (confidence limits 20.5-24.7 psu) psu respictively. In conditions of decreasing salinity, Oxygen consumption and filtration rates decreased or varied irregularly as salinity decreased. The results of this study could prove important in investigating causes of mass mortality and managing shellfish aquaculture farms.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 1993

In order to obtain basic data on the effective utilization of cockle shell, food compositions and lipid components its the raw, cooked meat and cooked meat extracts were analyzed. Cooked meat($95^{\circ}C$, 15 sec 3kg/200l water) showed a slight lower content in moisture and total crude lipid then raw meat but those meat had more crude protein and ash then raw one. Non-polar lipid of the raw, cooked meat and its extract consist of $25.4\%,\;22.4\%\;and\;48.7\%$, of total lipid, while polar lipid, $74.6\%,\;77.6\%\;and\;51.3\%$ respectively. Non-polar lipid was mainly was consisted of triglyceride, free fatty acid, and polar lipid mainly was consisted of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The major fatty acids of total lipid and fractionated lipid were 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3), 16:0 and 18:0 in the raw, cooked meat and cooked meat extracts and showed higher contents in polyenes such as 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 1993

The nitrogenous compounds and minerals in the raw and cooked meat of cockle shell were analyzed, and compared with those of cooked meat extracts. In abundant free amino acids, the content of glutamic acid was $129mg\%$ in raw meet, $105mg\%$ in cooked meat, $28mg\%$ in cooked meet extracts, aspartic acid, glycine, arginine, lysine, leucine, and alanine in order. The major components were lysine, arginine and leucine, and the minor components of essential amino acids were proline, tyrosine, serine and cystine. Some of ATP, ADP, AMP, inosine and hypoxanthine were identified in raw and cooked meat, but IMP and inosine were not detected in cooked meat extracts. A slight drop in content of ATP was showed in cooked meat and those had a higher content in inosine and hypoxanthine compared with raw meat. TMA, TMAO and betaine were also checked in all meat products and TMA slightly increased during cooking. Minerals in cooked cockle shell products were phosphorous, potassium, calcium and zinc. The content of phosphorous showed the highest value($16mg\%$ in raw, $185mg\%$ in cooked meat, and $25mg\%$ in extracts).

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2013

In this research, cubic zirconia is synthesized with a refined CaO from shells as a stabilizer through Skull melting method. The proper process time and concentration are defined by Hydration reaction to produce the refined CaO after two different treatments using 0.1 mol% of HCl respectively with Cockle shell. The highest purity of CaO is reached when the shell is immersed in 1 mol% HCl. In Hydration reaction step, the pure $Ca(OH)_2$ is produced at $45^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The highest purity of CaO is measured when the $Ca(OH)_2$ is treated by heat at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. The single crystals are grown through Skull melting method by adding the different contents of the refined CaO from 10 mol% to 30 mol% into $ZrO_2$. The frequency of High-frequency oscillator used for Skull melting method is 3.4 MHz. The descending speed of the single crystal is 3 mm/hour. The grown length of the single crystal is 4 cm. As a result of this study, 15 mol% of CaO has the best crystallinity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.299-309
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• 2019

This study was designed to assess the quality and quantity of food resources such as the chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a), the particulate organic carbon (POC) and the particulate organic nitrogen (PON), on blood cocke (Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus) farms from May to November 2017 in the northwestern area of Yeoja Bay, Korea. The values of Chl-a, POC and PON were $1.69-7.68{\mu}g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (average: $3.48{\mu}g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in the surface), 0.88-2.58 mM (average: 1.97 mM) and 0.17-0.90 mM (average: 0.54 mM), respectively, and these values were higher in the spring and summer and lower in the autumn. Furthermore, Chl-a and POC had higher values on the bottom layer than those vales on the surface, while PON had higher values on the surface than those values on the bottom. The POC/PON ratio and POC/Chl-a ratio were 1.56-7.88 (average: 3.71 on the surface of the water) and 216-967 (average: 700 on the bottom of the water), respectively, with most of the carbon sources being sediment-accumulated particle organic matter, and the contribution by phytoplankton was assessed as being low. These results show that the food source of the blood cockle farms in the northwest area of Yeoja Bay seems to be abundant in quantity, but this is considered to be very poor in quality.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

In the present study, the seven primers BION-33, BION-34, BION-37, BION-41, BION-44, BION-45 and BION-42 generated the total number of loci, average number of loci per lane and specific loci in Hongseong, Yeosu and Goheung population of F. mutica, respectively. 7 primers generated 19 specific loci in the Hongseong population, 29.3 in the Yeosu population and 23.1 in the Goheung population, respectively. Especially, the decamer primer BION-37 generated 7 unique loci to each population, which were identifying each population, approximately 700 bp in Hongseong population. In this study, the dendrogram obtained by the seven primers indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (HONGSEONG 01-HONGSEONG 07), cluster 2 (YEOSU 08-YEOSU 14) and cluster 3 (GOHEUNG 15-GOHEUNG 21). Among the twenty one cockles, the shortest genetic distance that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals 17 and 19 from the Goheung population (genetic distance = 0.051), while the longest genetic distance among the twenty-one cockle individuals that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals HONGSEONG no. 03 and YEOSU no. 12 (genetic distance = 0.616). Relatively, individuals of YEOSU population were fairly closely related to that of GOHEUNG population. Ultimately, PCR fragments revealed of in this study may be useful as a DNA marker the three geographic populations to distinguish.