• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.437-449
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• 1997

To predict diffusion and movement of k pollutants In coastal urban region a numerical simulation shouts be consider atmospheric flow field with land-sea breeze, mountain-valley wand and urban effects. In this study we used Lagrangian [article dispersion method In the atmospheric flow field of Pusan coastal region to depict diffusion and movement of the Pollutants emoted from particular sources and employed two grid system, one for large scale calculating region with the coarse mesh grid (CMG) and the other for the small region with the One mesh 914 (FMG). It was found that the dispersion pattern of the pollutants followed local circulation system in coastal urban area and wale air pollutants exhausted from Sasang moved Into Baekyang and Jang moutain, air pollutants from Janglim moved into Hwameong-dong region.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1999

Air quality modeling about coastal urban region such as Pusan shoud be consider shipping source emmited from ships anchoraging and running. It has been proved at our previous studies that the ratios of air pollutants emission amount in coastal area to inland are 12.2% for NO$_2$ and 11.7% for $SO_2$ and the air qualify of coastal urban area consierably counts on ships. Also the dispersion pattern of the all pollutants followed local circulation system in this region. Therefore this study has been developed air quality model which can describe the formation, transport, transformation and deposition processes of air pollutants considering shipping source. Currently, restriction for emission amount of ships does not exist, so our study will be useful to set the omission standard and for devising air quality policy in coastal urban region.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2001

To investigate air quality away from the coastal urban source region, we used a hybrid Eulerian - Lagrangian method which can describe the formation, transport, transform and deposition processes in complex terrain, with inclusion of shipping sources that were considered to be important emission in the coastal urban region. The result of the Eulerian advection - diffusion prediction was quite similar to that of the Lagrangian particle diffusion prediction. It showed that pollutants emitted from Sasang and Janglim industrial complexes can affect Hwamyeong and the coastal, respectively. During the daytime the concentration was low due to large deposition flux and terrain effect.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.625-638
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• 1999

Air quality modeling for coastal urban region has been composed of a complex system including meteorological, chemical and physical processes and emission characteristics in complex terrain. In this study, we studied about an effect prediction for deposition phenomenon affecting on air quality in Pusan metopolitan metropolitan city. In air quality modeling including ship sources, a situation considered deposition process habe better result than not considered when compared with observed value. Air pollutants emitted into urban air during the daytime nearly removed through urban atmosphere polluted. Also these phenomena correlated concentration variation connent with sea/land breezes and terrain effect. Therefore we conclude that the concentration was low at daytime when deposition flux is high, and deposition effect on industrial complex and Dongrae region is considerable in particular.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.309-319
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional menu value of self-selected diet in Korean adults residing in different regions. Subjects were recruited and divided into three groups according to the districts where they lived, which included rural district(n=137), coastal district(n=100), and urban district(n=117). Subjects were interviewed using a general questionnaire and 24-hour recall method for dietary intake. The average age of the subjects were 57.5 years for rural district, 57.0 years for coastal district, and 47.9 years for urban district. The contents of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin $B_2$, and vitamin E in self-selected diet were 76.1%, 60.1%, 73.1%, 68.6%, and 80.4% of RDAs, respectively. Index of nutritional quality(INQ) for calcium and vitamin $B_2$ was below in 1 in region groups. The contents of calcium and vitamin E in self-selected diet of rural and coastal districts were significantly lower than those of urban district. The numbers of food items in diet of rural, coastal, and urban district were 14.6, 15.3, 15.1 for breakfast, 16.5, 11.8, 17.0 for lunch, 14.9, 12.1, 15.1 for dinner, respectively. However, there was no significance in total food intake by regions. The food intakes from cereals, mushrooms, vegetables of rural district, that from fishes of coastal district, and those from sugars, milks, oils of urban district were the highest among three districts. The numbers of dish items in diet of rural, coastal, and urban district were 4.1, 4.4, 4.1 for breakfast, 4.5, 3.7, 4.4 for lunch, 4.0, 3.8, 4.2 for dinner, respectively. Especially, the number of food and dish items in lunch menu of coastal district was the lowest among region groups. According to these results, it could be suggested to add milk and its products in lunch menu of rural and coastal districts and to supplement fish and shellfish like anchovy in diet of rural and urban districts. And it is recommended to increase food and dish items in diets of three region groups.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.416-425
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• 2011

To analyze the physical processes of sea-breeze development over a coastal urban area, numerical simulation for seabreeze (SB) and its frontogenesis was examined based on urbanized MM5 (uMM5) with urban canopy parameterization. On 6 August 2006, SB and its front were well developed in Busan under a weak offshore flow. As a result of wind vector, ZVB (Zero Velocity Boundary), potential temperature obtained the uMM5, at 0900 LST, SB advanced below 200 m height in the coastal areas and the internal boundary grew with the urban coastal region. At noon, the height of the SB head with updraft was approximately one and a half times (~600 m) higher than its depth in central urban. Applying the frontogenesis function, the SB structure for frontogenesis and frontolysis were complicated spatially; the dynamic effects of wind (i.e. convergence and tilting term) could play an important role in the growth of SB, especially the convergence effect.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.181-194
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• 2015

Spatial-temporal meteorological features of the Ulsan metropolitan region (UMR) were analyzed using observations and high-resolution numerical modeling. Long-term trend analysis (1970~2013) showed a significant increase of $0.033^{\circ}Cyr^{-1}$ in the 5-year moving average temperature, although detailed short-term features varied, whereas wind speed and relative humidity over the same period displayed clear decreases of $-0.007ms^{-1}$ and $-0.29%yr^{-1}$, respectively. These trends indicate the effects of regional climate change and urbanization in the UMR. Seasonal variations averaged for the most recent three years, 2011~2013, showed that temperatures in three different regions (urban/industrial, suburban, coastal areas) of the UMR had similar seasonality, but significant differences among them were observed for a certain season. Urban and industrial complex regions were characterized by relatively higher temperatures with large differences (max.: $3.6^{\circ}C$) from that in the coastal area in summer. For wind speed, strong values in the range from 3.3 to $3.9ms^{-1}$ occurred in the coastal areas, with large differences clearly shown between the three regions in September and October. Diurnal variations of temperature were characterized by pronounced differences during the daytime (in summer) or nighttime (in winter) between the three regions. Results from the WRF modeling performed for four months of 2012 showed large variations in gridaverage temperature and winds in the UMR, which displayed significant changes by season. Especially, a clear temperature rise in the urban center was identified in July ($0.6^{\circ}C$ higher than nearby urban areas), and overall, relatively weak winds were simulated over urban and inland suburban regions in all seasons.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.432-449
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of high-resolution land cover on the simulation of near-surface meteorological fields were evaluated in two different coastal regions using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. These analyses were performed using the middle classification land cover data upgraded by the Korean Ministry of Environment (KME). For the purpose of this study, two coastal areas were selected as follows: (1) the southwestern coastal (SWC) region characterized by complex shoreline and (2) the eastern coastal (EC) region described a high mountain and a simple coastline. The result showed that the application of high-resolution land cover were found to be notably distinguished between the SWC and EC regions. The land cover improvement has contributed to generate the realistic complex coastline and the distribution of small islands in the SWC region and the expansion of urban and built-up land along the sea front in the EC region, respectively. The model study indicated that the improvement of land cover caused a temperature change on wide areas of inland and nearby sea for the SWC region, and narrow areas along the coastal line for the EC region. These temperature variations in the two regions resulted in a decrease and an increase in land-breeze and sea-breeze intensity, respectively (especially the SWC region). Interestingly, the improvement of land cover can contribute large enough to change wind distributions over the sea in coastal areas.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2010

A meso-urban meteorological model (Urbanized MM5; uMM5) with urban canopy parameterization (UCP) was applied to the high-resolution simulation of meteorological fields in a complex coastal urban area and the assessment of urban impacts. Multi-scale simulations with the uMM5 in the innermost domain (1-km resolution) covering the Busan metropolitan region were performed during a typical sea breeze episode (4~8 August 2006) with detailed fine-resolution inputs (urban morphology, land-use/land-cover sub-grid distribution, and high-quality digital elevation model data sets). An additional simulation using the standard MM5 was also conducted to identify the effects of urban surface properties under urban meteorological conditions. Results showed that the uMM5 reproduced well the urban thermal and dynamic environment and captured well the observed feature of sea breeze. When comparison with simulations of the standard MM5, it was found that the uMM5 better reproduced urban impacts on temperature (especially at nighttime) and urban wind flows: roughness-induced deceleration and UHI (Urban Heat Island)-induced convergence.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.157-157
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• 2022

Recent decades have seen all over the world increasing drought in some regions and increasing flood in others. Climate change has been alarming in many regions resulting in degradation and diminution of available freshwater. The effect of global warming and overpopulation associated with increasing irrigated farming and valuable agricultural lands could be particularly disastrous for coastal areas like the one of Benin. The coastal region of Benin is under a heavy demographic pressure and was in the last decades the object of important urban developments. The present study aims to roughly study the general effect of climate change (Sea Level Rise: SLR) and groundwater pumping on Seawater intrusion (SWI) in Benin's coastal region. To reach the main goal of our study, the region aquifer system was built in numerical model using SEAWAT engine from Visual MODFLOW. The model is built and calibrated from 2016 to 2020 in SEAWAT, and using WinPEST the model parameters were optimized for a better performance. The optimized parameters are used for seawater intrusion intensity evaluation in the coastal region of Benin The simulation of the hydraulic head in the calibration period, showed groundwater head drawdown across the area with an average of 1.92m which is observed on the field by groundwater level depletion in hand dug wells mainly in the south of the study area. SWI area increased with a difference of 2.59km² between the start and end time of the modeling period. By considering SLR due to global warming, the model was stimulated to predict SWI area in 2050. IPCC scenario IS92a simulated SLR in the coastal region of Benin and the average rise is estimated at 20cm by 2050. Using the average rise, the model is run for SWI area estimation in 2050. SWI area in 2050 increased by an average of 10.34% (21.04 km²); this is expected to keep increasing as population grows and SLR.