• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.736-752
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• 1995

Fine structural changes of germ cell during the gametogenesis of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli sampled in west coast of Korea were investigated from September 1993 to August 1994. In a layer of microvilli of oocyte with active yolk duplication, many pinocytotic vesicles containing protein granules regarded as yolk precursors were observed. The multivesicular bodies were formed by gathered mitochondria. They are participated in formation of the primary yolk globules homogeneously filled with high dense particles and enclosed within a limiting membrane. The precursors of yolk globule appeared to be formed by modification of mitochondria and they developed into the primary yolk globules with participation of large and dense pinocytotic vesicles. Yolk globules in mature oocyte were consisted of three components: the crystalline type main body, the superficial layer with dense and fine granules, and the limiting membrane. Steroid hormone secreting cells were recognized in the interstitial cells of growing testis. Numerous endoplasmic reticula and large mitochondria with well developed tubular cristae appeared in their cytoplasms. The axoneme in the tail flagellum of spermatozoon consisted of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and one pair at the center, and they were covered with doublet microtubules.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

Ecklonia cava (EC) has been widely utilized as an ingredient in commercial products such as functional foods and cosmeceuticals. Recently it has been found that Sargassum horneri (SH) has been invading on Jeju Island coast area by its huge blooming. Moreover, both seaweeds are considering as important ingredients in traditional medicine specifically in East-Asian countries (China, Japan, and Korea). In the present study, we attempted to compare anti-inflammatory properties of 70% ethanolic extracts of EC (ECE), SH (SHE), and their different combinations on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Results indicated that 8 : 2 combinations of ECE : SHE significantly inhibited LPS-activated inflammatory responses (cytokines, protein, and gene expression) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells compared to the respective extracts and other combinations. The synergistic effect of ECE and SHE was found to be prominent than the effects of ECE or SHE alone. These observations provide useful information for the industrial formulation of functional materials (functional foods and cosmeceuticals) using these two particular seaweeds in Jeju Island of South Korea.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1976

미이용해조류를 주로 한 33종류 41개시료(홍조류 15종 19개시료, 갈조류 14종 18개시료, 녹조류 3종 3개 시료, 해산현화직물 1종 1개시료)의 조단백질, 조지방, 조섬유, 조회분, 가용성무질소물, 아미노태질소 및 총 아미노산의 조성을 조사하였고, 이 중 조단백질 함량이 높은 지충이, 지누아리 및 조단백질함량이 낮은 거머리말, 알쏭이모자반의 4종류를 시료로 하여 조류단백질의 추출율과 추출액중의 단백질의 침전조건에 대하여 조사 검토하였다. 1. 일반적으로 홍조류에는 조단백질함량이 높고 조지방함량이 낮은 것이 많은데 비하여 갈조류 및 녹조류에는 조단백질함량이 낮고 조지방함량이 높은 것이 많은 경향을 보였다. 2. 조단백질함량과 총아미노산량으로 보아 단백질자원으로서 유용한 조류로는 지충이, 부채꼴아크로소리움, 꿩꼬리, 오카무라서실, 검은서실, 지누아리, 진두발, 불등가사리, 돌가사리, 디크티오타, 고리매 등을 들 수 있고, 반대로 큰디크티오타, 코르다리아, 비틀 대모자반, 알쏭이모자반, 외톨개모자반, 도박, 털도박, 미끌도박, 남작파래, 구명갈파래, 거머리말 등은 그 함량이 극히 낮았다. 5. 분말시료를 물로 추출할 때 8시간 동안에 조체의 총조단백류외 $30\~40\%$ 추출되었으며, 조체단백질함량의 다과에 따른 추출율의 차는 별로 없었다. 또한 조류단백질의 추출속도는 4시간 동안에 총추출단백질의 3이상이 추출되었다. 4. 추출액중의 단백질침전법으로서는 methanol 처리법이 가장 효과적이었고, 다음이 가열처리법, TCA 처리법의 순이였으며, pH 조절법이 가장 못하였다. pH 조절법에 있어서는 pH5 부근으로 조절하는 것이 효과저인 경향을 보였다. 5. 추출액중의 단백질의 침전율은 알쏭이모자반의 것이 가장 좋았고 다음이 지누아리. 거머리말의 순이였으며 지충이의 것이 가장 못하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.972-976
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• 2019

본 연구는 참까막살 에탄올 추출물이 천연 미백 소재로의 가능성을 알아보기 위해 멜라닌 함량, 세포내 tyrosinase 활성 측정 및 Western blotting 실험이 수행되었다. 참까막살 에탄올 추출물의 농도에 따른 MTT assay를 통해 세포 생존율 및 증식에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 $500{\mu}g/ml$ 농도까지를 실험 조건으로 설정하였다. B16F10 melanoma cell의 melanin 생성에 미치는 영향을 측정한 결과 대조군에 비하여 ${\alpha}-MSH$만 처리한 경우 뚜렷하게 증가하였고, 참까막살 에탄올 추출물을 100, 300, $500{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 각각 처리한 결과 ${\alpha}-MSH$만을 처리한 것에 비해 25%, 30%, 35%로 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. Tyrosinase 활성도 100, 300, $500{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 처리한 결과 ${\alpha}-MSH$만을 처리한 것에 비해 6%, 12%, 21%로 감소하였다. 참까막살 에탄올 추출물의 멜라닌 합성 관련 단백질 발현에 대한 영향을 확인하기 위하여 Western blot으로 미백관련 전사인자인 MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, Tyrosinase 발현을 조사하였다. ${\alpha}-MSH$을 단독 처리한 경우에 각 단백질의 발현이 현저하게 증가하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었고 반면 참까막살 에탄올 추출물을 처리한 경우 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 $500{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 매우 효과적으로 억제되었다. 본 연구 결과 참까막살 에탄올 추출물은 멜라닌 생합성에 관련된 유전자인 MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, Tyrosinase의 발현을 억제하는 것으로 나타나, 향후 기능성 화장품 개발에 있어 효과적인 미백 기능성 해양 소재로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2014

항암, 항염증 및 비만억제 등의 생리활성을 지닌 해조류는 최근 건강기능 식품, 기능성 화장품 그리고 의약품 산업 분야에서 미용과 건강식품 소재로 각광받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 10종의 갈조류 메탄올 추출물을 이용하여 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) 라디칼 소거능과 아밀로이드 베타 단백질($A{\beta}$)의 신경독성에 대한 HT-22 신경세포 보호효과를 조사함으로써 천연물로부터 안전하고 새로운 신경세포 보호소재를 개발해내고자 한다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 경우 미역쇠를 포함한 8종의 갈조류에서는 비교적 낮은 활성산소 소거능을 보인 반면, 감태와 패에서 강력한 활성산소 소거능이 나왔다. $A{\beta}$의 신경독성에 대해 10종의 갈조류 추출물이 갖는 HT-22 신경세포 보호효과를 검증하기 위해 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) 분석과 APP, BACE1, iNOS 단백질의 발현양상 및 ERK1/2, p38, JNK1/2 단백질의 활성화 양상을 분석했다. MTT 분석 결과, $A{\beta}$의 신경독성으로부터 미역쇠가 $25{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 가장 효과적으로 세포를 보호하고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 알쏭이모자반, 불레기말, 바위수염, 짝잎모자반도 세포 보호효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 세포 보호효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀진 5종의 갈조류를 가지고 수행한 단백질 발현분석 결과, 미역쇠는 $A{\beta}$의 신경독성에 의해 HT-22 신경세포에서 발현되는 단백질인 BACE1과 iNOS의 발현을 저해하였다. 이는 미역쇠의 세포보호효과가 $A{\beta}$의 신경독성으로부터 일어난 ERK와 p38의 활성화에 연관된 세포신호전달 경로를 억제하는 것으로 보인다. 그러므로 특히 식용 갈조류인 미역쇠는 $A{\beta}$에 의해 유도된 신경독성에 대해서 신경세포 보호효과를 갖는 건강기능 식품 소재로서의 가치가 충분한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.541-546
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• 2007

Red algae are distributed globally, and the group contains several commercially important species. Griffithsia okiensis is one of the most extensively studied red algal species. In this study, we conducted expressed sequence tag (ESTs) analysis and synonymous codon usage analysis using cultured G. okiensis samples. A total of 1,104 cDNA clones were sequenced using a cDNA library made from samples collected from Dolsan Island, on the southern coast of Korea. The clustering analysis of these sequences allowed for the identification of 1,048 unigene clusters consisting of 36 consensus and 1,012 singleton sequences. BLASTX searches generated 532 significant hits (E-value <$10^{-4}$) and via further Gene Ontology analysis, we constructed a functional classification of 434 unigenes. Our codon usage analysis showed that unigene clusters with more than three ESTs had higher GC contents (76.5%) at the third position of the codons than the singletons. Also, the majority of the optimal codons of G. okiensis and Chondrus crispus belonging to Bangiophycidae were G-ending, whereas those of Porphyra yezoensis belonging to Florideophycidae were G-ending. An orthologous gene search for the P. yezoensis EST database resulted in the identification of 39 unigenes commonly expressed in two rhodophytes, which have putative functions for structural proteins, protein degradation, signal transduction, stress response, and physiological processes. Although experiments have been conducted on a limited scale, this study provides a material basis for the development of microarrays useful for gene expression studies, as well as useful information for the comparative genomic analysis of red algae.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-42
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• 1974

Korea is a peninsular country surrounded by seas on three sides, and the fishing industry has carried out the service of suppling to the people with important anima protein. The distribution of fishery products has very complicated structures, because the production is in charge of small producers scattering along the coast all over the country, while consumpstion is made by separate homes in areas away from producing district. The relation between these two factors the structures make very complicated. The most typical and special structures of fishery distridution are distinguished in two, that is, one is landing market, the other is inland market. Landing markets have been monopolized by fishermen's cooperatives, providing with landing facilities and building sites. Fish markets played not only an important role in the landing, but distribution and price determination of catches by auction or tender. Inland markets are two types of wholesale market in consuming center, one is the terminal market for urban consumers, the other type is the local market for rural consumers. Fundamental functions of landing markets are gathering, assessment, and distribution functions. Gathering function is in charge of wholesaler in fishery cooperative. Gathering amounts are equal to gathering capacity of wholesaler and transact ability of licensed dealers as shown below model. Gathering amount=f.gathering capacity(=pre price.landing facility.account of wholesaler.distance of fishing ground.conveniency purchasing.home port)=fㆍ transact ability of licensed dealers≒f.population or port, and table 1 indicates these relationship. Assessment and distribution functions are in charge of licensed dealers in consumption side. Assessment function should bring the value in production activity through the auction between the cooperative seller and the licensed dealer as buyer. For fair trade transaction in auction, the free competition is supposed to be a prerequisite among the licensed dealers. The ideal condition for free competition is sameness in the scale of buying amount by licensed delaers, but it is almost impossible to attain its goal in actual marketing.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2010

We determined the seasonal gonad maturation in Strongylocentrotus nudus sea urchins inhabiting an artificially enhanced seaweed forest along the Samchuk Coast of Korea from April 2006 to March 2007. A total of 30 sea urchins per month were collected from the study area, and gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad index (GI), egg diameter, and RNA/DNA variation were measured for each specimen. GSI values of female and male urchins achieved maximums of 17.6 and 17.0, respectively, in June. Based on histological studies, maximum GI values occurred in July (4.6 for females and 4.8 for males). A mean ovarian egg diameter of $73.7\;\pm\;14.2\;{\mu}m$ was measured in August; during the main spawning period in September, mean egg diameter reached a maximum of $74.2\;\pm\;17.8\;{\mu}m$. The RNA/DNA ratio and RNA content for both males and females showed a distinct peak during the ripe stage in July, but another peak occurred in the spring season from March to April, when urchins deposit protein into the nutritive phagocytes of immature gonads prior to gametogenesis. The reproductive cycle of S. nudus is divided into five stages: early active (December-May), late active (March-July), ripe (July-September), spent and degenerative (August-November), and inactive (October-February). Our continuous removal of sea urchins from the study area did not influence the reproductive cycle, as populations quickly recovered, and achieved normal gonad development cycle in the site.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2005

최근 2년간 동해안 지역 넙치 양식장의 양식 넙치에 피해를 일으키는 P. damselae 균을 분리하였으며, 분리된 P. damselae의 16s rRNA 염기 서열은 P. damselae subsp. damselae ATCC 33539와 99%의 상동성을 나타내었다. 분리 균주는 Pedersen et al.(1997)의 biotype과 비교한 결과, biotype No 8과 동일하게 나타났으며, P. damselae subsp. damselae ATCC 33539의 LPS와 동일한 단백질 패턴을 나타내었다. 넙치의 병어로부터 P. damselae와 Vibrio 속 세균의 감염 상태를 조사한 결과, P. damselae가 가장 높은 감염율을 나타내었고, 그 다음으로 V. anguillarum, V. splendidus, V. harveyi와 V. ordalii순으로 감염율이 나타났다.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2019

Ecklonia cava is popular in Korea as a marine functional materials. E. cava is generally collected and used on the coast of Jeju Island. However, the continuous use of collected natural E. cava may be limited because difficult to secure throughout the year and may be exposed to environmental pollution. Jeju magma seawater (MSW) was known to be significant advantages such as safety, cleanness, stability, and functional improvement. Attempts have been reported on application of MSW to the culturing of macro- and microalgae and showed improved results. Thus, the objective of the present study was to explore the anti-melanogenesis activity of brown seaweed E. cava (E. cava cultured with MSW [MSWE]) extract cultured in tanks with MSW of Jeju Island to evaluate the possibility of cosmeceutical industrial application. MSWE extract showed the higher polyphenolic and dieckol contents than natural E. cava (NE) extract. Anti-melanogenesis activity of MSWE extract and NE extract are tested and compared using tyrosinase and dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) oxidation inhibition assay. MSWE extracts evidenced more effective tyrosinase and DOPA oxidation inhibition activity than that of the NE extracts and the commercial whitening agent, arbutin. MSWE extracts also markedly inhibited melanin synthesis and decreased the expression of melanogenesis-related protein in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that MSW cultivation process would be more effective in releasing bioactive compounds with whitening effect from seaweed such as E. cava at an industrial scale.