• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.629-639
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• 2010

To evaluate the performance of high rate coagulation system(HRCS) for CSOs treatment, fundamental function of lab scale HRCS has been tested by using the Jar tester and lab scale HRCS. The optimum pH dose by Streaming Current value was found in the range of 5.3~6.0 in Fe(III), and in the range of 5.8~6.6 in Al(III) and the optimum chemical dose were 0.44mM of $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and 0.93mM of $FeCl_3$. The removal efficiencies at optimum $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ dose were 75%($TCOD_{Cr}$), 97%(TP), 95%(SS) and 96%(turbidity), respectively. And the removal efficiency of particles with less than $5{\mu}m$ of diameter was 70% and that of particles with higher than $5{\mu}m$ of diameter was 90%. The optimum alum dose in lab scale HRCS was 150mg/L, and the treatment efficiency was the best with addition of 1.0mg/L polymer. The effect of Micro sand addition was not clear, because the depth of the sediment tank in lab scale HRCS was not long enough. But the HRT of this lab scale HRCS was able to be shorten less then 7 minutes by adding the micro sand. The surface loading rates with respect to using different chemicals were 0.43m/h with alum only, 5.78m/h with alum and polymer and 6.22m/h with alum, polymer and micro sand. As a result, HRCS using coagulant, polymer and micro sand developed in this study was evaluated to be very effective for CSOs treatment.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2022

Purpose: Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative treatment for acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). In high-volume therapeutic plasma exchange (HV-TPE), extracorporeal liver support filters accumulate toxins and improve the coagulation factor by replacing them. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of HV-TPE in pediatric patients with ALF and ACLF. Methods: We reviewed the records of children waiting for LT at Severance Hospital who underwent HV-TPE between 2017 and 2021. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total and direct bilirubin (TB and DB), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), ammonia, and coagulation parameter-international normalized ratio (INR) were all measured before and after HV-TPE to analyze the liver function. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Nine patients underwent HV-TPE with standard medical therapy while waiting for LT. One had neonatal hemochromatosis, four had biliary atresia, and the other four had ALF of unknown etiology. Significant decreases in AST, ALT, TB, DB, GGT, and INR were noted after performing HV-TPE (930.38-331.75 IU/L, 282.62-63.00 IU/L, 11.75-5.59 mg/dL, 8.10-3.66 mg/dL, 205.62-51.75 IU/L, and 3.57-1.50, respectively, p<0.05). All patients underwent LT, and two expired due to acute complications. Conclusion: HV-TPE could remove accumulated toxins and improve coagulation. Therefore, we conclude that HV-TPE can be regarded as a representative bridging therapy before LT.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2004

심폐바이패스하 관상동맥우회술과 달리 심폐바이패스 없이 시행하는 관상동맥우회술의 경우 수술 후 혈액응고 기능이 항진되어 이식편의 혈전과 같은 문제가 발생되는 것이 우려된다. 비교연구를 통하여 심폐바이패스 없이 시행하는 관상동맥우회술 후 혈액응고기능이 항진되는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 2001년 11월부터 2002년 5월까지 관상동맥우회술을 시행받은 환자 중 심폐바이패스 없이 시행하는 관상동맥우회술을 시행받은 11명(I군, 연구군)과 같은 기간에 좌심실 심첨부와 중격의 무운동성으로 관상동맥우회술과 Dor 술식을 시행받은 11명의 환자들을(II군, 대조군)비교하였다. 술후 혈액응고기능이 항진되는지를 알아보기 위해 thromboelastography 검사를 수술 전, 술 후 1, 2, 3, 5일째 시행하여 r time, k time, $\alpha$ angle, MA값을 측정하였고 동시에 혈액응고기능검사, fibrinogen, D-dimer, protein S, protein C, antithrombin III, plasminogen, 혈소판 수 등을 시행하여 비교하였다. TEG검사의 각각의 변수값과 혈액응고기능검사 중 MA값, $\alpha$ angle, 혈소판수가 양 군 간 의미있는 차이를 보였다. MA값이 I군의 경우 술 후 3일과 5일째 140$\pm$72%와 153$\pm$98%로 증가하였으나 II군의 경우 87$\pm$27%와 78$\pm$28%로 감소하였다(p<0.05). $\alpha$ angle은 술후 3일째 I군이 122$\pm$92%로 증가하였고 II군이 69$\pm$23%로 감소하였다(p=0.09). 혈소판수는 술 후 3일째 I군이 63$\pm$55%였으며 II군이 33$\pm$13%였다(p<0.05). 심폐바이패스하 관상동맥우회술과 비교하여 심폐바이패스 없이 시행하는 관상동맥우회술의 경우 혈액응고기능이 항진되며 따라서 보다 적극적인 항응고치료의 필요성이 제기된다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2006

The influences of fluorescence, scattering, and flocculation in turbid material by light scattering were interpreted for the scattered fluorescence intensity and wavelength, it has been studied the molecular properties by the spectroscopy of laser induced fluorescence (LIF). The effects of optical properties in scattering media have been found by the optical $parameters({\mu}_s,\;{\mu}_a,\;{\mu}_t)$. Flocculation is an important step in many solid-liquid separation processes and is widely used. When two particles approach each other, interactions of several colloid particles can come into play which may have major effect on the flocculation and LIF process, The value of scattering coefficient ${\mu}_s$ is large by means of the increasing particles of scatterer it has been found that the slope decays exponentially as a function of distance from laser source to detector. It may also aid in designing the best model for oil chemistry, biopharmaceutical products, laser medicine and application of medical engineering on LIF and coagulation in particle transport mode.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

A method to improve water treatment efficiency by coagulant overdosing for high pH raw water at a drinking water treatment plant (WTP) which had no pH adjusting facilities was investigated. Poly aluminum chloride (PACl) was used for coagulant, and turbidity removal efficiency was evaluated as a function of PACl dosage increases. pH and turbidity of supernatant of jar-tester were 7.10 and 0.50 NTU respectively, when the turbidity, pH, alkalinity, water temperature, conductivity of raw water were 1.75 NTU, 9.38, 46.5 mg/L, $6.4^{\circ}C$, $400{\mu}s/cm$, respectively. Turbidity of settled water was reduced from 2.18 NTU to 0.28 NTU (87% reduction) when PACl dosage was increased from 16 mg/L to 45 mg/L at a full scale WTP. This can be attributed to the recovery of coagulant efficiency by pH reduction with the increase of coagulant dose, however coagulation efficiency was reduced with the formation of Al(OH)4- by PACl addition at higher pH. Coagulant overdosing was proven to be a rapid and effective method for high pH raw water, which can be applied at drinking WTP.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2012

The conditions of wet spinning were considered in order to prepare the fine denier of acrylic fiber. Polyacrylonitrile copolymer was synthesized by the copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl acrylate (MA) initiated by an aqueous sulfite-chlorate redox system. Acrylic fiber was manufactured through wet-spinning in a dimethyl formamide (DMF) system. The conditions of wet-spinning were investigated by i-value, spinning speed, diameter of spinneret, draw ratio, water content of spinning dope and morphology of protofiber. The physical properties of fibers were investigated by Instron. In this experiment, the minimum i-value decreased with the decreasing spinneret diameter, an increased spinning speed, and an increased coagulation bath (CBC) concentration. The maximum draw ratio increased with an increased CBC. The optimum CBC and water content of the spinning dope were 60%-65% and 3.5%, respectively. The tenacity at the breaking point increased with a decreased fineness of fiber. The elongation at breaking point was almost the same value as a function of the fineness of fiber.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2011

There are five principal causes for excessive bleeding in the immediate postextraction phase ; (1) Vascular wall alteration (wound infection, scurvy, chemicals, allergy) (2) Disorders of platelet function (genetic defect, drug-aspirin, autoimmune disease) (3) Thrombocytopenic purpuras (radiation, leukemia), (4) Inherited disorders of coagulation (hemophilia, Christmas disease, vitamin deficiency, anticoagulation drug-heparin, coumarin, aspirin, plavix). If the hemorrhage from postextraction wound is unusually aggressive, and then dehydration and airway problem are occurred, the socket must be packed with gelatine sponge(Gelfoam) that was moistened with thrombin and wound closure & pressure dressing are applied. The thrombin clots fibrinogen to produce rapid hemostasis. Gelatine sponges moistened with thrombin provide effective coagulation of hemorrhage from small veins and capillaries. But, in dental alveoli, gelatine sponges may absorb oral microorganisms and cause alveolar osteitis (infection). This is a case report of bleeding and infection control by the circumferential suture and iodoform gauze drainage on infected active bleeding extraction socket under sedation and local anesthesia in a 71-years-old male patient with anticoagulation drug.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to define the content of requisite human structure and function knowledge needed for clinical knowledge of nursing practice. Subjects of human structure and function were divided into 10 units, and each unit was further divided into 21 subunits, resulting in a total of 90 items. Contents of knowledge of human structure and function were constructed from syllabus of basic nursing subjects in 4 college of nursing, and textbooks published by nurse scholars prepared with basic nursing sciences. The degree of need of 90 items was measured with a 4 point scale. The subjects of this study were college graduated 136 nurses from seven university hospitals in Seoul and three university hospitals located in Chonnam Province, Kyungbook Province, and Inchon. They have been working at internal medicine ward, surgical ward, intensive care unit, obstetrics and gynecology ward, pediatrics ward, opthalmology ward, ear, nose, and throat ward, emergency room, rehabilitation ward, cancer ward, hospice ward, and their working period was mostly under 5 years. The results were as follows: 1. The highest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice were electrolyte balance, blood clotting mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, hematopoietic function, body fluid balance, function of plasma, and anatomical terminology in the order of importance. The lowest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice was sexual factors of genetic mutation. 2. The highest order of need according to unit was membrane transport in the living unit, anatomical terminology in movement and exercise unit, mechanism of hormone function in regulation and integration unit, component and function of blood in oxygenation function unit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive and energy metabolism unit, temperature regulation in temperature regulation unit electrolyte balance in body fluid and electrolyte unit, concept of immunity in body resistance unit, and genetics terminology in genetics unit. The highest order of importance according to subunit was membrane transportation in cell subunit, classification of tissues in tissue unit, function of skin and skin in skin subunit, anatomical derivatives of the skeleton subunit, classification of joints in joint subunit, an effect of exercise on muscles in muscle subunit, function of brain in nervous system subunit, special sense in sensory subunit mechanism of hormone function in endocrine subunit, structure and function of female reproductive system in reproductive system unit, structure and function of blood in blood unit, structure of heart, electrical and mechanical function in cardiovascular system unit, structure of respiratory system in respiratory system subunit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive system subunit, hormonal regulation of metabolism in nutrition and metabolism subunit, function of kidney in urologic system subunit, electolyte balance in body fluid, electolyte and acid-base balance subunit. 3. The common content of human structure and function knowledge need for all clinical areas in nursing was structure and function of blood, hematopoietic function, function of plasm, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, body fluid, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance. However, the degree of need of each human structure and function knowledge was different depending on clinical areas. 4. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as skin and derivatives of the skin, growth and development of bone, classification of joint, classification of muscle, structure of muscle, function of muscle, function of spinal cord, peripheral nerve, structure and function of pancrease, component and function of blood, function of plasma, structure and function of blood, hemodynamics, respiratory dynamics, gas transport, regulation of respiration, chemical digestion of foods, absorption of foods, characteristics of nutrients, metabolism and hormonal regulation, body energy balance were demonstrated according to the duration of work. 5. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as classification of tissue, classification of muscles, function of muscles, muscle metabolism, classification of skeletal muscles, classification of nervous system, neurotransmitters, mechanism of hormone function, pituitary and pituitary hormone, structure and function of male reproductive organ, structure and function of female reproductive organ, component and function of blood, function of plasma, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, gas exchange, gas transport, regulation of respiration, characteristics of nutrients, energy balance, function of kidney, concept of immunity, classification and function of immunity were shown according to the work area. Based on these findings, all the 90 items constructed by Korean Academic Society of Basic Nursing Science should be included as contents of human structure and function knowledge.

• 멤브레인
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2013

섬진강 수계의 복류수를 대상으로 막여과 정수처리 공정 현장 적용성 평가를 위해 여과막의 공경에 따른 막오염도 예측 및 최적 응집제 주입농도 선정을 통해 파일롯플랜트 규모의 검증실험을 실시하였다. 막공경에 따른 막오염도 평가를 위한 여과저항 평가실험 결과, $0.1{\mu}m$와 $0.01{\mu}m$ 여과막의 비가역적 여과저항 증가율은 각각 $0.44{\times}10^{12}/m^2$, $0.42{\times}10^{12}/m^2$로 나타났으며, Flux-test 실험결과, 적정응집제 주입농도는 Jar-Test 실험결과에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 현장 적용성 평가를 위해 6개월 동안의 파일롯플랜트 운영을 수행하였다. 응집을 실시하지 않은 막여과공정은 여과유속 $1.0{\sim}1.5m^3/m^2{\cdot}day$, 응집을 실시한 막여과 공정은 여과유속 $1.0{\sim}2.0m^3/m^2{\cdot}day$의 조건에서 운전한 결과 두 조건 모두 6개월 이상 막차압이 안정되게 유지되었다. 따라서 섬진강 수계의 복류수를 이용한 막여과 공정 운영에 있어 적정 여과유속으로 운전 시 응집제 사용 없이 안정적인 운전이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1995

The mean velocity gradient, G, has been used as a principal design and operation parameter for flocculation unit. This paper questions that significance. The physical and qualitative meaning of collision efficiency factors of each transport mechanism (Brownian motion, fluid shear, and differential sedimentation) are reviewed. The overall collision frequency function is calculated by summing up the collision frequency function of each mechanism. In the collision of two particles of different size, a diagram showing the dominant region in which each mechanism is important is developed and the meaning of the diagram is discussed. The primary ramification of this curvilinear, heterodisperse approach is that G is found to be not nearly so important. Previous experimental work in which the role of G has been examined is reviewed in light of this finding.