• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1779-1798
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• 2018

Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HEWSN) is a kind of wireless sensor networks (WSN), each sensor may has different attributes, HEWSN has been widely used in many aspects. Due to sensors are deployed in unattended environments and its resource constrained feature, the design of security and efficiency balanced authentication scheme for HEWSN becomes a vital challenge. In this paper, we propose a secure and lightweight user authentication and key agreement scheme based on biometric for HEWSN. Firstly, fuzzy extractor is adopted to handle the user's biometric information. Secondly, we achieve mutual authentication and key agreement among three entities, which are user, gateway and cluster head in the four phases. Finally, formal security analysis shows that the proposed scheme defends against various security pitfalls. Additionally, comparison results with other surviving relevant schemes show that our scheme is more efficient in term of computational cost, communication cost and estimated time. Therefore, the proposed scheme is well suitable for practical application in HEWSN.

• IE interfaces
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2008

Understanding consumers' latent desires for product form has now become a critical issue in product design. Accordingly, product development processes is rapidly changing from product-oriented development to user-centered development. Driver visibility is considered as an important element of driving posture packaging in automobile interior design. This study presents a systematic process for driver visibility analysis approached from affective engineering method that provides design variable selection and screening with respect to the image/impression element of the human visibility. Also, the analysis of front visibility, often called the feeling of "openness", in motor vehicle interior design, is selected and practiced a case study using the systematic process proposed in this study. Twenty six participants evaluated the feeling of openness for thirty motor vehicles following the perceived scale of affective design factors. The results showed that variables such as the height of head lining, the height of cluster housing, the gradient of windshield and the volume of A-pillar were the critical design variables which affect the feeling of openness in a motor vehicle.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.443-454
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• 2007

Survey questionnaires were conducted on housewives under 60 who had bought an apartment in Daegu. The data used in this study is collected Dalseo-Gu, Soosung-Gu and Buk-Gu by means of cluster sampling and from those chosen samples I use convenience sampling. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The purpose of this study is to examine housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class closely in order to improve value of apartment and to provide housing plan of apartment supply which is distinguished by a social class and moreover, to achieve efficient marketing strategy according to a recent recognition that housing is a kind of commodities. Objective and subjective measure of value are used to classify a social class. Objective measure of value includes scale apartment, a form of possession, a price of apartment, an occupation of husband, family income and academic background and subjective measure of value includes the standard of living out of people's own head. These measure of value are classified by giving consequence to each item with reference to ISC (index of status characteristics) of Wanner. There is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class as a consequence of this study. Therefore, this study suggests repeatedly that it should need not standardized housing supply but apartment supply of diverse demand desire because there is a difference of housing characteristics and apartment choice as a social class.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.267-271
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• 2010

Zigbee는 단말에 대한 경제성이 뛰어나고 저 전력통신을 이용하기 때문에 수명이 길다. Mesh, Tree, Star 등 다양한 방식의 토플리지 구조를 지원 하며 확장성이 뛰어나 군사적인 용도, 환경 모니터링 시스템 등 많은 분야에 사용되고 있다. 최근 스마트그리드환경을 구축함에 있어 Zigbee는 HAN(Home Area Network)에 표준으로 사용될 예정이며 현재는 Zigbee를 이용한 AMR(Automatic Meter Reading)을 시범 중에 있다. 일반적으로 ZIgbee Network은 ZC(Zigbee Coordinator), ZCH(Zigbee Cluster Head), ZE(Zigbee End Device) 3가지로 구성되며, Zigbee Network에서 발생할 수 있는 취약점은 허가되지 않은 디바이스의 접근, 라우터의 흐름을 조작하는 방법, ZC(Zigbee Coordinator)와 ZE(Zigbee End Device)사이의 키 전송 시 안전하지 않은 채널을 이용하여 전송되는 문제가 발생된다. 본 논문에서는, TCP(Third Party Center)를 이용함으로써, ZE와 ZC간의 키 생성 시 발생하는 취약점을 보완하였다. 또한 인증절차를 강화함으로써 ZE(Zigbee End Device)에서 발생 할 수 있는 취약점을 보완하고자 하였으며 RS(Register Server)를 이용하여 HAN에 존재하는 디바이스에 대하여 실시간 모니터링이 가능하게 하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.8B
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• pp.630-635
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• 2008

Recently, in order to improve the energy efficiency of WSN(Wireless Sensor Network), widely research have teen carried on. But, up to the present, Majority of methods are based on direct communication between CH(cluster head) and sink node, and based on the assumption that node can regulate signal energy actively according to the distance between nodes. So it's hard to implement those methods. Based on the theory that node has fixed radio wave radius, this paper present a multi leveling routing protocol. According to the simulation of the presented protocol, we have proved the energy saving efficiency and the implementation in real WSN.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07d
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• pp.2099-2100
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• 2006

제한된 전력의 노드들로 구성된 무선 센서 네트워크에서 효율적인 정보 수집이 이루어지기 위해서는 전체 네트워크의 Life Time을 늘리는 게 중요하다. 각각의 센서 노드들이 멀리 떨어져 있는 BS(Base Station)으로 직접 데이터를 전송하면 전력소비가 매우 크고 비효율 적이다. 그리하여 네트워크의 life time을 늘리기 위한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그중에 클러스터링 기법은 가장 널리 연구되는 기법 중에 하나이다. 대표적인 클러스터링 기법 LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)[1]는 전체 노드 수의 5%클 클러스터 헤드로 결정하여 나머지 노드들로부터 데이터를 수집하여 BS로 전송함으로써 에너지를 효율적으로 사용하는 알고리즘이다. 그러나 클러스터 헤드를 결정하는데 있어서 잔여 에너지를 고려하지 않고 순환적으로 결정하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 SVM(Supprt Vector Machine)을 이용하여 FND(First Node Dic)가 발생했을 때 각 노드들의 에너지 잔량 정도를 따져서 영역을 나눈 후, 에너지가 더 많은 영역에서 클러스터 헤드를 선정하는 방법을 제안한다. 잔량 에너지가 많은 노드를 클러스터 헤드로 결정함으로써 전체 네트워크의 life time을 늘릴 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.105-107
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• 2015

In this paper, we proposed LTD(Load Tolerance Density-distribution) algorithm using dynamic density for analyzing distribute routing path. MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) consists of the node that has a mobility. By the Mobility, the topology is exchanged frequently. To reduce the exchange of topology, the hierarchy network is studied. However, if the load is concentrated at the cluster head node, the communication is disconnected. the proposed algorithm measure the dynamic density of the node using poisson distribution. And this algorithm provides distribute routing path using dynamic density. The simulation results, the proposed algorithm shows improved packet delivery ratio than the compared algorithm.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2011

Wireless sensor networks consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. Once deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement of the energy source is not feasible. Hence, energy efficiency is a key design issue that needs to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of the network. Directed Diffusion is a well known routing protocol. In this paper we adopt the clustering mechanism to improve the efficiency of Directed Diffusion. We introduce C-Directed Diffusion which make clusters, select the CH(Cluster Head) and CHs do the same process as in Directed Diffusion. C-Directed Diffusion is pretty simple and show better performance than Directed Diffusion.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.253-258
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• 2014

In smartphone sensing which monitors various social phenomena of the individuals by using embedded sensors, managing metadata is one of the important issue to process large-scale data, improve the data quality, and share collected data. In this paper, we proposed a document clustering scheme for the large-scale metadata management architecture which is designed as a hybrid back-end consisting of a cluster head and member nodes to reduce the server-side overhead. we also verified that the proposed scheme is more efficient than the distance based clustering scheme in terms of the server-side overhead through simulation results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.373-376
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• 2008

Wireless sensor networks consist of thousands of sensor nodes that have low power, low footprint and low computational capacities. So the burning issues in the design and deployment of these sensor nodes in the practical application areas include the energy conservation and network lifetime. Efficient routing schemes can help reduce the energy consumption and thus increase the network lifetime. This paper deals with the comparative analysis of popular routing protocols such as LEACH, LEACH-C, MTE, and PEGASIS. The protocols are compared by using performance me tries such as system lifetime, the time for first node death, and total system energy.