• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2012

클러스터 기반의 라우팅 프로토콜은 네트워크 내의 노드들의 에너지를 균등하게 소비하나 고립 노드가 발생하여 에너지 효율을 저해하며, 홉 기반의 라우팅 프로토콜은 대규모 네트워크나 동적으로 변경되는 환경에는 적당하나, 정기적인 플러딩과 싱크 주변 노드들의 급격한 에너지 손실로 인해 네트워크 생존 시간을 줄어들게 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크 내의 노드들의 제한된 에너지 자원을 균등하게 소모하기 위해 클러스터링 기반의 라우팅 방법을 사용하고 클러스터에 포함되지 않은 고립 노드들을 근접 클러스터에 홉 방식을 적용하였다. 참여 못한 고립 노드들을 클러스터에 포함시킬 때 노드들의 에너지 부하를 균등하게 하기 위해 피보나치수열을 이용하여 클러스터에 참여하는 노드 수를 조절하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 프로토콜이 기존의 방법에 비해 고립 노드의 수를 줄여 에너지 효율이 높아짐을 보였다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2008

In ad hoc network, the scarce energy management of the mobile devices has become a critical issue in order to extend the network lifetime. Therefore, the energy consumption is important in the routing design, otherwise cluster schemes are efficient in energy conserving. For the above reasons, an Energy conserving Context aware Clustering algorithm (ECC) is proposed to establish the network clustering structure, and a routing algorithm is introduced to choose the Optimal Energy Routing Protocol (OERP) path in this paper. Because in ad hoc network, the topology, nodes residual energy and energy consuming rate are dynamic changing. The network system should react continuously and rapidly to the changing conditions, and make corresponding action according different conditions. So we use the context aware computing to actualize the cluster head node, the routing path choosing. In this paper, we consider a novel routing protocol using the cluster schemes to find the optimal energy routing path based on a special topology structure of Resilient Ontology Multicasting Routing Protocol (RODMRP). The RODMRP is one of the hierarchical ad hoc network structure which combines the advantage of the tree based and the mesh based network. This scheme divides the nodes in different level found on the node energy condition, and the clustering is established based on the levels. This protocol considered the residual energy of the nodes and the total consuming energy ratio on the routing path to get the energy efficiently routing. The proposed networks scheme could get better improve the awareness for data to achieve and performance on their clustering establishment and messages transmission. Also, by using the context aware computing, according to the condition and the rules defined, the sensor nodes could adjust their behaviors correspondingly to improve the network routing.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권8B호
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• pp.689-698
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• 2008

The performance of a TCP protocol on MANETs has been studied in a numerous researches. One of the significant reasons of TCP performance degradation on MANETs is inability to distinguish between packet losses due to congestion from those caused by nodes mobility and as consequence broken routes. This paper presents the Cluster-Label-based Routing (CLR) protocol that is an attempt to compensate source of TCP problems on MANETs - multi-hop mobile environment. By utilizing Cluster-Label-based mechanism for Backbone, the CLR is able to concentrate on detection and compensation of movement of a destination node. The proposed protocol provides better goodput and delay performance than standardized protocols especially in cases of large network size and/or high mobility rate.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2015

The most important factor within the wireless sensor network is to have effective network usage and increase the lifetime of the individual nodes in order to operate the wireless network more efficiently. Therefore, many routing protocols have been developed. The LEACH protocol presented by Wendi Hein Zelman, especially well known as a simple and efficient clustering based routing protocol. However, because LEACH protocol in an irregular network is the total data throughput efficiency dropped, the stability of the cluster is declined. Therefore, to increase the stability of the cluster head, in this paper, it proposes a stochastic cluster head selection method for improving the LEACH protocol. To this end, it proposes a SH-LEACH (Stochastic Cluster Head Selection Method-LEACH) that it is combined to the HEED and LEACH protocol and the proposed algorithm is verified through the simulation.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2015

This paper presents a Cuckoo search algorithm to secure adversaries misdirecting multi-hop routing in Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) using a robust Trust Predicated Routing Framework with an optimized cluster head selection. The clustering technique designed in this framework leads to efficient routing in MANETs. The heavy work load in the node causes an energy drop in cluster head, which leads to re-clustering of the group, and another cluster head is selected to avoid packet loss during data transmission. The problem in the re-clustering process is that the overall efficiency of the routing process is reduced and the processing time is increased. A Cuckoo search based optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of re-clustering by selecting the secondary cluster head within the initially formed cluster group and eliminating the reclustering process. The proposed framework enables a node to select a reliable and secure route for MANET and the performance can be evaluated by comparing the simulated results with the AODV routing protocol, which shows that the performance of the proposed routing protocol are improved significantly.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2023

Wireless sensor network is wieldy use for IoT application. The sensor node consider as physical device in IoT architecture. This all sensor node are operated with battery so the power consumption is very high during the data communication and low during the sensing the environment. Without proper planning of data communication the network might be dead very early so primary objective of the cluster based routing protocol is to enhance the battery life and run the application for longer time. In this paper we have comprehensive of twenty research paper related with clustering based routing protocol. We have taken basic information, network simulation parameters and performance parameters for the comparison. In particular, we have taken clustering manner, node deployment, scalability, data aggregation, power consumption and implementation cost many more points for the comparison of all 20 protocol. Along with basic information we also consider the network simulation parameters like number of nodes, simulation time, simulator name, initial energy and communication range as well energy consumption, throughput, network lifetime, packet delivery ration, jitter and fault tolerance parameters about the performance parameters. Finally we have summarize the technical aspect and few common parameter must be fulfill or consider for the design energy efficient cluster based routing protocol.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.910-917
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• 2016

Sensors have limited resources in sensor networks, so efficient use of energy is important. Representative clustering methods, LEACH, LEACHC, TEEN generally use direct transmission methods from cluster headers to the sink node to pass collected data. However, the communication distance of the sensor nodes at low cost and at low power is not long, it requires a data transfer through the multi-hop to transmit data to the sink node. In the existing cluster-based sensor network studies, cluster process and route selection process are performed separately in order to configure the routing path to the sink node. In this paper, in order to use the energy of the sensor nodes that have limited resources efficiently, a cluster-based multi-hop routing protocol which merges the clustering process and routing process is proposed. And the proposed method complements the problem of uneven cluster creation that may occur in probabilistic cluster methods and increases the energy efficiency of whole sensor nodes.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제17C권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2010

이동성이 활발한 모바일 애드 혹 네트워크에서는 노드들이 특정 지역들에 집중 분포되어 불균일한 네트워크가 형성될 가능성이 높다. 불균일하게 분포된 네트워크의 경우 밀집한 클러스터 사이에 존재하는 노드에 부하가 집중되는 현상이 발생하여 네트워크의 성능이 저하될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 트래픽이 집중되는 모바일 노드들이 트래픽 부하에 따라 능동적으로 대처함으로써 손실되는 패킷을 줄이고 종단 간 전송 지연 시간을 향상 시키는 라우팅 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.29 No.1 (A)
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• pp.583-585
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• 2002

Mobile Ad Hoc Network에서는 무선으로 연결된 호스트들이 쉽게 이동할 수 있으며 미리 설치된 유선망을 이용하는 셀롤러망과 달리 이동 호스트 사이의 통신만으로 이루어진 망이다. Mobile Ad Hoc Network에서는 각각의 노드들의 이동성이 높기 때문에 이 각각의 노드들의 라우팅 경로를 결정하는 것이 중요하다. 이에 따라 Mobile Ad Hoc Network를 위한 많은 라우팅 프로토콜이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 제안된 Cluster Based Routing Protocol(CBRP)극 변형하여 마치 셀롤러망에서의 셀과 같이 고정된 위치를 하나의 셀로 정의하고 그 하나의 셀이 클러스터를 형성하여 라우팅 오버 헤드를 줄일 수 있는 기법을 제안한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1173-1178
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• 2012

클러스터 기반 라우팅 프로토콜(CBRP, Cluster-Based Routing Protocol)은 각 클러스터 내에 클러스터 헤더를 선출하고, 그 클러스터 헤더는 모든 이동 노드들을 관리, 운영하기 때문에 전력 소모가 심하게 일어나게 된다. 기존의 CBRP는 각 노드의 잔여전력량을 고려하지 않고 헤더를 임의로 선출하기 때문에 클러스터 헤더의 평균 수명이 짧아지고 이로인해 빈번하게 다른 헤더를 선출해야 하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 클러스터 헤더를 선출할 때 클러스터 내 각 노드의 잔여전력량을 비교하여 잔여전력량이 가장 많은 노드를 클러스터 헤더로 선출하여 클러스터의 수명과 네트워크 전체의 수명을 연장시키면서 경로의 안정성을 높이는 개선된 프로토콜을 제안한다.