• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2019

The effects of the anaesthetic agents, clove oil and mixture of clove oil with lidocaine-HCl were evaluated on river puffer, Takifugu obscurus and tiger puffer, T. rubripes. Anaesthesia times of clove oil were affected by water temperature ($20^{\circ}C$, $24^{\circ}C$, and $28^{\circ}C$) and salinity (10, 20, and 30 ppt). Anaesthesia times of mixed samples were significantly similar with regard to exposure and recovery times, and all samples satisfied anaesthesia criteria (exposure time within 3 min and recovery time within 5 min) under the various temperatures and salinities, and the lowest to highest concentration of anaesthetics (p<0.05). Both species river puffer and tiger puffer had short exposure time with a high anaesthesia dose, high temperature ($28^{\circ}C$) and intermediate salinity (20 ppt), and were highly affected by temperature and salinity (p<0.05). The mixed anaesthetics had rapid exposure times and long recovery times in contrast to the effects of clove oil. Cortisol concentrations under the conditions of various clove oil dosages, salinity, and temperature for both species increased until 12 hrs after recovery from anaesthesia (p<0.05). After 12 hrs, cortisol concentrations decreased until after 48 hrs (p<0.05). During the simulated transportation of both species, control and sedated clove oil groups (5 ppm) were measured for water parameters, dissolved oxygen (DO), $CO_2$, respiratory frequency, $NH_4{^+}$, and pH for 6 hrs in 1 hr intervals. Water parameters of sedated groups and controls were significantly different after 2 hrs (p<0.05).

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2023

Eugenol, which can be extracted from clove oil, is a phenolic aromatic compound and has been found to have antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant functions. Consequently, clove oil has long been used in several fields (food, medicine, skincare). Hence, in this study, the sensory profile of clove oil contained in milk analogs (almond, oat, and soy milks) was evaluated at different amounts (added at 0.25%-0.5% increments from 0% to 1.5%). Because of the strong scent of clove oil, the value of the evaluation for sensory profile determined in this study tended to be low. However, compared with the control group, good values in the evaluation for the sensory profile were found in all samples containing 0.25% of clove oil. We evaluated clove oil contained in milk analogs to help increase their sales through products with improved functionality.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.25.1-25.6
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• 2018

The main objective of this study was to provide anesthetic criteria of clove oil for an effective manipulation and transportation of red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara. When anesthesia temperature (20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$) and concentration of clove oil (25, 50, and 75 ppm) were increased, the anesthesia and recovery time decreased and tended to be similar to each other between juvenile and adult. Also, as the temperature and concentration increased, the ratio of exposure time and recovery time between juvenile and adult were decreased. When plasma cortisol concentrations were compared for 48 h after anesthesia with 50 ppm of clove oil, both the juvenile and adult fish grew up to 12 h; however, thereafter decreased and there was no significant difference from control at 48 h.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2007

Four kinds of natural dying solutions (natural colorant extracts)were obtained by extraction from sappan wood, black tea, peony, and clove using water as extracting solvent at $90^{\circ}C$ for 90 min with liquor ratio (solid natural colorant material/solvent water, weight ratio) of 1/10. The dyeing, colour fastness and deodorizing properties of fabrics (cotton, silk, and wool fabrics) dyed with natural colorant extracts were compared. It was found that these properties were significantly dependent on the concentration of extracts, the structure of colorant, and the kind of fabrics. The K/S value of dyed cotton fabric increased in the order of peony < sappan wood < clove < black tea, however, the values of dyed silk and wool fabrics were in the order of peony < sappan wood < black tea < clove. Colour fastness (light, water, and perspiration fastness) was in the range of 3 - 5 grade except for sappan wood. The deodorizing performance of fabrics dyed with various natural colorants extracts was in the range of 56 - 99%. The deodorizing performance increased in the order of peony < black tea < sappan wood < clove. Especially, the deodorizing performance of all fabrics dyed with clove was found to be the highest at 98-99%.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to evaluate the anesthetic effects of clove oil and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) on the Far Eastern catfish, Silurus asotus, by measuring the times to anesthesia and recovery. Each anesthetic effect of clove oil and MS-222 was tested in two groups of fish with different body sizes: a group of small fish (mean body length: $15.5{\pm}1.58cm$, mean body weight: $50.1{\pm}5.91g$, n=20) and a group of large fish (mean body length: $31.5{\pm}4.19cm$, mean body weight: $302.1{\pm}15.22g$, n=20). The anesthetics were used at concentrations of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 ppm. The results showed significant relationships between the concentration of the anesthetic and the body size of the fish. Each of these variables showed statistical significance (p<0.05). The time to anesthesia decreased linearly with increasing concentration in the large fish for both clove oil and MS-222 (p<0.05). Based on an optimal anesthetic time of approximately 1 min, the preferred concentrations of the anesthetics were 500 ppm for clove oil and 600 ppm for MS-222. Both the anesthetic time and the recovery time were shorter for the small fish than for the large fish (p<0.05). Our study showed that the smaller-sized Far Eastern catfish was more easily anesthetized and recovered more rapidly from anesthesia than the larger-sized fish.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2009

The garlic, along with the red pepper, is one of the major seasoning vegetables in Korea. Garlic clove planting is one of the most laborious operations. Labor cost is the main source of high production cost of the garlic. Because of the geometrical uniqueness and irregularity of garlic cloves, mechanization of garlic clove planting is very difficult. To overcome price competition against the imported garlic, however, there has been a need of development of a clove metering device and a planting device for the garlic clove planter. Computer simulation, laboratory tests and field tests were conducted to develop a garlic clove planter. This research was conducted to drop garlic cloves into a soil holes through a drum bucket metering system and a rotary type planting system. Followings are the major achievements from this study. 1. The metering device consisted of a drum, a guide, a bucket and a bucket cover. Opening positions of the metering hopper were evaluated at different positions and trajectories of planting hoppers. The simulation showed that the optimum positions of hopper was -15${\sim}$0 mm in the x direction. 2. When the planter was tested under different soil textures and water contents, the best performances were obtained in a upland field with 29.1% water content and a paddy field with 18.3% water content where single clove metering and missing rate were 88.4% and 1.3%, and 90.7% and 2.0%, respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.351-354
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• 1993

천연 향신료의 항산화력을 탐색하기 위하여 항산화력이 있다고 보고된 rosemary, sage, clove, nutmeg 등 4종의 휘발성 정유성분 및 비휘발성 추출물을 수증기 증류법 및 용매 추출법을 써서 추출하였다. 항산화성은 lard를 기질로 하여 랜시매트법과 POV를 측정하여 비교한 바, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Rosemary, sage, clove 및 nutmeg 등 4종의 향신료를 랜시매트법에 의하여 휘발성 정유성분의 유도기간을 측정한 결과, 농도를 0.01, 0.05, 0.1%로 증가시켰으나, 4종 공히 유의적인 차이가 없어 항산화력이 없는 것으로 평가되었다. 상기 4종 향신료의 비휘발성 정유성분을 랜시매트법에 의하여 유도기간을 측정한 결과, 농도를 0.01, 0.05, 0.1%로 증가시킴에 따라, 항산화성이 증가하였고, 특히 rosemary, nutmeg가 항산화효과가 컸다. 4종 향신료의 항산화력을 POV를 측정하여 비교한 결과, 랜시매트법으로 측정한 결과와 동일함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, lard사용 제품류에 상기 4종 향신료의 비휘발성 정유성분을 0.1% 첨가시키면 현저한 항산화효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2017

Optimum concentrations of anesthetic clove oil and anesthetic lidocaine-HCl were determined for a species of adult marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, over a range of salinity conditions, and investigated in a transport simulation experiment by analyzing various water and physiological parameters. Research indicated that the higher the concentration of anesthetic at each salinity, the shorter the anesthesia time at each salinity. At each concentration, fish were anesthetized slower at water salinities over 10 ppt (P<0.05). Anesthesia time at 10 ppt was faster than any other salinity. In 10 ppt salinity, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and respiratory frequencies of the clove-oil-administered groups decreased until 48 hours (P<0.05), whereas the $NH_4{^+}$ and $CO_2$ concentrations increased until 48 hours (P<0.05). In same period, the DO, $NH_4{^+}$, and $CO_2$ concentrations and respiratory frequencies all decreased as the clove oil concentration increased (P<0.05). The trends in the DO, $NH_4{^+}$, and $CO_2$ concentrations and respiratory frequencies in the lidocaine-HCl-administered groups were similar to those in the clove-oil-administered groups. In conclusion, clove oil and lidocaine-HCl are effective anesthetics, improving the transportation of the marine medaka. The results from this study will contribute to safe laboratory handling of the marine medaka, which are commonly required by many research studies and experiments.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2010

본 연구는 19종의 식물정유가 유채종자의 발아 및 생장에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 그 결과 식물정유를 100배 희석 처리 한 경우 anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lemongrass, mustard 및 pine oil 등의 8종은 유채의 발아를 완전히 저해하였으며, 초기생장의 저해효과도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 유채의 발아와 초기생장에 대한 저해율을 근거로 하여, 상기의 8개의 식물정유로부터 cinnamon, clove 및 geranium oil이 실용 가능성이 있는 bio-herbicide로서 선발되었다. 선발된 cinnamon, clove 및 geranium oil을 토양처리한 경우 90kg ai $ha^{-1}$농도에서 유채의 출현율은 각각 7.1, 25.0, 3.6% 였으며, 초기생장율도 22.0, 9.9 및 11.0% 수준으로, 유채종자의 발아와 초기생장억제에 미치는 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.430-439
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• 2021

항균활성이 뛰어난 식물 정유를 이용하여 식품가공 기구 및 용기에 다양하게 사용되는 polyethylene과 stainless steel 표면에 형성된 식중독 6종의 biofilm 형성에 대한 억제 효과를 연구하였다. 식물 정유 20종의 식중독 미생물에 대한 항균활성을 disk diffusion 방법으로 평가한 결과 cinnamon > clove > lemongrass > peppermint > pine needle 순으로 항균활성을 나타냈다. Cinnamon과 clove 정유의 최소억제농도(MIC)와 최소살균농도(MBC)는 각각 0.63-1.25 mg/mL과 1.25-2. mg/mL의 범위를 나타냈으며, lemongrass 정유의 MIC와 MBC는 각각 1.25-2.50 mg/mL과 2.50-5.00 mg/mL로 약간 낮은 항균활성을 나타냈다. 정유 3종의 biofilm 형성 예방효과는 식중독 미생물과 polyethylene 및 stainless steel에 따라 다소 차이가 있었지만, 0.5% 농도의 cinnamon, clove와 lemongrass 정유를 식품접촉 표면에 미리 코팅하였을 때 biofilm 형성에 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 정유의 농도가 증가할수록 모든 식중독 미생물에 대해서 biofilm 형성을 유의적으로 억제하였으며(P<0.05), 0.5% cinnamon과 clove 정유 처리에 의해 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112와 S. aureus KCCM 11812의 biofilm이 형성되지 않았다. Polyethylene과 stainless steel coupon 표면에 형성된 식중독 미생물의 biofilm의 제거 효과를 측정한 결과, 식중독 미생물의 종류에 따라 차이가 있었지만 정유의 농도가 증가할수록 biofilm 제거 효과는 높아졌으며, 대체로 clove 정유의 biofilm 제거율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 0.5%의 cinnamon과 clove 정유는 polyethylene과 stainless steel 표면에 식중독 미생물이 형성하는 biofilm을 예방, 성장 억제 및 제거할 수 있는 천연 소재로 적용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.