• 대기
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 2007

Cloud amount calculation algorithm was developed using MTSAT-1R satellite data. The cloud amount is retrieved at 5 km ${\times}$ 5 km over the Korean Peninsula and adjacent sea area. The algorithm consists of three steps that are cloud detection, cloud type classification, and cloud amount calculation. At the first step, dynamic thresholds method was applied for detecting cloud pixels. For using objective thresholds in the algorithm, sensitivity test was performed for TBB and Albedo variation with temporal and spatial change. Detected cloud cover was classified into 3 cloud types (low-level cloud, cirrus or uncertain cloud, and cumulonimbus type high-level cloud) in second step. Finally, cloud amount was calculated by the integration method of the steradian angle of each cloud pixel over $3^{\circ}$ elevation. Calculated cloud amount was compared with measured cloud amount with eye at surface observatory for the validation. Bias, RMSE, and correlation coefficient were 0.4, 1.8, and 0.8, respectively. Validation results indicated that calculated cloud amount was a little higher than measured cloud amount but correlation was considerably high. Since calculated cloud amount has 5km ${\times}$ 5km resolution over Korean Peninsula and adjacent sea area, the satellite-driven cloud amount could show the possibility which overcomes the temporal and spatial limitation of measured cloud amount with eye at surface observatory.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제18권8호
• /
• pp.915-924
• /
• 2015

With growing popularity of cloud computing services, users can more easily manage massive amount of data by outsourcing them to the cloud, or more efficiently analyse large amount of data by leveraging IT infrastructure provided by the cloud. This, however, brings the security concerns of sensitive data. To provide data security, it is essential to encrypt sensitive data before uploading it to cloud computing services. Although data encryption helps provide data security, it negatively affects the performance of massive data analytics because it forbids the use of index and mathematical operation on encrypted data. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel algorithm which enables to efficiently process a large amount of encrypted data. In particular, we propose a novel top-k processing algorithm on the massive amount of encrypted data in the cloud computing environments, and verify the performance of the proposed approach with real data experiments.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we propose an efficient automatic observation system for cloud amount and height observations. Observation system consists of clouds observations machinery, operational programs, cloud amount extraction program, cloud height extraction program, expert support programs. The experiment was conducted at the Daegwallyeong and Busan, through experimental observation confirmed the usefulness of the proposed system.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.71-87
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 NASA/GSFC에서 제공하는 MODIS 구름 산출물 자료를 활용하여 국지적 현상으로 나타난 영동지역의 14개 대설 사례를 분석하였다. MODIS에 의해 특정시간에 관측된 영동지역의 구름은 운정 온도(CTT), 광학 두께(COT), 유효 입자 반경$(r_e)$, 입자상(CP)과 같이 구름 내 속성의 특징에 따라 A, B, C 형으로 분류하였다. 각각의 구름 형태에 대한 강수량과 구름의 속성 사이의 연관성 분석에서 COT는 A와 B형에서 상당히 높은 통계적으로 유의한 관계성을 보였으며, CTT는 A형에서만 높은 상관성을 보였다. 그렇지만, C형에서는 통계적으로 유의한 관계성이 구름의 특성물에 대해 나타나지 않았다. A형 구름은 작은 크기의 물방울과 함께 주로 낮은 층운형 구름으로 구성되어 있으며, 동해에서 종관적으로 유도된 하층 한기 이류 하에서 발생할 수 있다. B형 구름은 발달하는 적운형 구름과 관련되어 있으며, 이러한 구름은 동해상에서 발달하는 저기압 중심과 밀접하게 관련되어 있다. 그렇지만, C형 구름은 다층 구름들로써 영동대설과 직접적으로 관련된 하층 구름을 상층구름이 덮고 있어 위성 관측이 어렵다. 따라서 MODIS 구름 산출물은 영동대설의 경우에 다층 구름을 제외하고 위성 자료로부터 강수량 추정과 대설 기작을 이해하는데 도움이 될 수 있다고 결론지을 수 있다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.330-340
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 CCD 카메라가 장착된 Skyviewer로부터 촬영된 하늘 영상 자료를 이용하여 전운량을 산출하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 전운량 산출은 RGB 영상 내의 차폐 영역을 제거하고 GBR 빈도분포에 따른 영상을 분류하며, RBR 경계값을 결정하여 구름 화소를 분류한다. 분류된 구름 화소에서 태양광 영역을 제거한 후 유효성 검사를 통해 전운량을 산출하게 된다. 전운량 산출 알고리즘의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여 관측소와 가장 가까운 강원지방기상청의 목측 전운량 자료와 편이(Bias), 평균제곱근오차(RMSE), 상관계수를 분석하였다. 선정된 사례는 계절별 일 사례로 8시부터 17시까지의 정시 자료를 사용하였다. 분석 결과 Skyviewer로부터 산출된 전운량의 편이는 평균적으로 -0.8할의 차이를 보였으며, 평균제곱근오차는 1.6할로 전운량의 차이가 2할 내에서 나타나고 있었다. 또한, 두 관측소는 떨어진 거리의 차이가 있음(약 4 km)에도 불구하고 상관계수가 모든 사례에서 평균 0.91 이상으로 매우 높았다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.439-451
• /
• 2004

Total solar irradiance (750), total UV irradiunce (TUV) and erythemal UV irradiance (EUV) measured at King Sejong station $(62.22^{\circ}S,\;58.78^{\circ}W)$ in west Antarctica have been used together with total ozone, cloud amount and snow cover to examine the effects of ozone, cloud and snow surface on these surface solar inadiunce over the period of 1998-2003. The data of three solar components for each scan were grouped by cloud amount, n in oktas $(0{\leq}n<3,\;3{\leq}n<4,\;4{\leq}n<5,\;5{\leq}n<6,\;6{\leq}n<7\;and\;7{\leq}n<8)$ and plotted against solar zenith angle (SZA) over the range of $45^{\circ}\;to\;75^{\circ}$. The radiation amplification factor (RAE) is used to quantify ozone effect on EUV. RAF of EUV decreases from 1.51 to 0.94 under clear skies but increases from 0.94 to 1.85 under cloudy skies as SZA increases, and decreases from 1.51 to 1.01 as cloud amount increases. The effects of cloud amount and snow surface on EUV are estimated as a function of SZA and cloud amount after normalization of the data to the reference total ozone of 300 DU. In order to analyse the transmission of solar radiation by cloud, regression analyses have been performed for the maximum values of solar irradiance on clear sky conditions $(0{\leq}n<3)$ and the mean values on cloudy conditions, respectively. The maximum regression values for the clear sky cases were taken to represent minimum aerosol conditions fur the site and thus appropriate for use as a normalization (reference) factor for the other regressions. The overall features for the transmission of the three solar components show a relatively high values around SZAs of $55^{\circ}\;and\;60^{\circ}$ under all sky conditions and cloud amounts $4{\leq}n<5$ and $5{\leq}n<6$. The transmission is, in general, the largest in TUV and the smallest in EUV among the three components of the solar irradiance. If the ground is covered with snow on partly cloudy days $(6{\leq}n<7)$, EUV increases by 20 to 26% compared to snow-free surface around SZA $60^{\circ}-65^{\circ}$, due to multiple reflections and scattering between the surface and the clouds. The relative difference between snow surface and snow-free surface slowly increases from 9% to 20% as total ozone increases from 100 DU to 400 DU under partly cloud conditions $(3{\leq}n<6)$ at SZA $60^{\circ}$. The snow effects on TUV and TSO are relatively high with 32% and 34%, respectively, under clear sky conditions, while the effects changes to 36% and 20% for TUV and TSO, respectively, as cloud amount increases.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2008

This study is to analyze and compare on the sky condition of cloud amount and measured solar horizontal irradiation in Seoul. Sky cover method is determination of sky condition used by cloud amount of the Meteorological Administration. And HCI method is determination of sky condition used by measured solar horizontal irradiation. The HCI methods of Erbs et al.(1982), Orgill and Hollands(1977) appear a lot of error because of the air pollution such as smog phenomenon or yellow sand phenomenon and so on. Therefore, The purpose of this study is to improve the method for determination of sky condition.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.7-10
• /
• 1977

In estimates of horizontal radiation, its values are determined by correlations among the length of day, noon altitude of the sun, and cloud amount. During winter from 1971 to 1974 in Korea, its correlations are calculated by empirical method are $$Q_o=0.0124 H_cT_d at clear day and$$ $$ Q_s=0.0124 H_cT_d (1-0.0C4^1.3) at cloudy day.$$ here$ Q_o, Q_s, H_c, T_d, C $ are horizontal radiation at clear day, horizontal radiation at cloudy day, noon altitude of the sun, length of day, and cloud amount. In applications of this equation at 10 stations in Korea, errors are less than 10% when cloud amount are less than 7, and 1O~20% when cloud amount are more than 7. But, according to Laevastu equation in same case, errors are 50% closely.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.184-191
• /
• 2021

The amount of information and data in the digital era is increasing tremendously. Continuous online connectivity is generating a massive amount of data that needs to store in computers and be made available as and when required. Cloud computing technology plays a pivotal role in this league. Cloud computing is a term that refers to computer systems, resources and online services that aim to protect and manage data in an effective, more efficient and easy way. Cloud computing is an important standard for maintaining the integrity and security of sensitive data and information for organizations and individuals. Cloud security is one of the most important challenges that the security of the entire cloud system depends on. Thus, the present study reviews the security challenges that exist in cloud computing, including attacks that negatively affect cloud resources. The study also addresses the most serious threats that affect cloud security. We also reviewed several studies, specifically those from 2017-20, that cited effective mechanisms to protect authentication, availability and connection security in the cloud. The present analysis aims to provide solutions to the problems and causes of cloud computing security system violations, which can be used now and developed in the future.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.90-97
• /
• 2017

The Internet of Things(IoT) market is expected to grow from 15.5billion to 75.4 billion by 2015-2025. As the number of IoT devices increases, the amount of data that is sent to the cloud is increasing. Today's Cloud Computing models are not suited to handle the vast amount of data generated by IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a Cooperation Coordinator System that reduces server load and improved real-time processing capability under specific circumstances by using Band-Cloud. The cooperation coordinator system dynamically forms the cloud when cooperation is needed between mobile devices located near. It is called Band-Cloud. Band-Cloud provides services entrusted by Central Cloud. This paper describes the proposed system and shows the cooperation process using the Android-based mobile devices and Wi-Fi Direct technology. Such a system can be applied to cases where real-time processing is required in a narrow area such as a hospital ward or a school classroom.