• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2001

This study is to analyze Korean-Chinese women's Costume in Yabian with factors such as reform opening-up, economic growth, change of social values, development of technology, more education opportunities and influence of mass media. It divides the 1990's into two halves. Photos, interview, observation and relevant literature were used for this study. Even though economy grew rapidly, they needed to purchase daily goods other than clothes. In a way that they preferred practicality, it showed somewhat it was still developing. The trend in the first half of the 1990's was characterized : first, Synthetic or artificial fibers and ready-made suits were popular ; second, there still remained the men's style ; third, they wore Tanrikoo(彈力袴), Tisingkoo(體型袴), Jiaotakoo(脚袴) because of its properties of activeness and comfort ; fourth, shoulders looked ore prominent with pads as they were used in Chungsanfoo(中山服) ; fifth, clothes in grey and dark blue was in fashion ; sixth, they wore hand-made knit vests and sweaters and often mountain-climbing gears for its light and warm quality ; seventh, along with opening-up, various materials and colorful clothes were in style, which satisfied women's desire for beauty. They decorated Hanbok(韓服), using sleeves with colors, golden ornaments, flower patterns embroidery, materials of different color in collar and tie and dyes of sleeves and skirts. In the first half of the 1990's when the opening-up was beginning, there were diverse styles and colors in fashion, yet not close to good quality. As the economy grew, the second half of the 1990's was characterized by good palate, individuality, favouritism on foreign goods, rapid change of fashion. For instance, fur coat and woolen fabric were favored. Economic growth led to abundance of cloth, dyes and decorative materials. In addition, people possessed more clothing and it was possible for them to wear both Hanbok and wedding dress in wedding ceremony. People placed their standards on competency and financial ability rather than ideology. Worship disappeared and individuality arose. Therefore, apparel functioned not only as protection but as suits with aesthetic purpose. This resulted in introduction of bold style, imitation of western countries and extension of use of Hanbok. With the help of mass media, transportation, telecommunication, contact with Korean company and civilians, Korean and western cultures, through Korea, were accepted. Change in structure of economic status caused excessive spending and more educational opportunities that enabled people to accept foreign culture quickly. Values moved onto new, beautiful and better characteristics. it was possible to have suits ready-made due to improvement of mass production and cotten, wool, linen, silk became popular owing to technology. New technology, the bases of mass consumption, increased possession of clothing and accelerated change of fashion. In summary, women's Costume in Yanbian were affected by the factors in economy, politics, culture contact as well as change of society and technology.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.648-659
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• 2000

Through this study I would like to examine the meaning system of the symbolized codes related with real costume figures of the abstract concept of the style of the mourning ceremonial dress in Chosun Dynasty as a variable cause of communication through non-language method by the structural analysis of coding of the ceremonial dress style and the meaning system of the codes centering on the traditional book of funeral etiquette dealing with hueneral cereony in the period. To achieve this purpose, I have used the symbolic theory of constructive concept by F. de Saussure, cultural notation theory of Roland Barthes & Umberto Eco, and structural style of costumes by Myung-Sook Han. The result of the study is as follows. 1. As Chosun Dynasty was a society in which people considered courtesy so much important and practiced the basic Confucian ideas of the three bonds and five moral disciplines in human relations, the characteristic of funeral rites in Chosun Dynasty consists in expression of the thoughts of moral ethics & relative systems and systems of clan rules, etc which was a langue determining the symbols of mourning ceremony dress because the mourning ceremony dress in the period should have the feature of a langue. The mourning ceremonial dresses in the period had five grades of the consume and the grades were determined to be classified into five levels according to the clan system of the chief mourner with sang, ha bang. And the method of the association of the mourning ceremonial dress codes had the six principles of Chinchin, Jonjon, Myoungboon, Chulip, Changyu, and Jongbok. 2. Regarding the mourning ceremonial costumes in Korean society, the meaning of funeral ceremony was expressed by the signifier and materials of the mourning costumes in the society. During the process of the funeral, the intangible feeling of condolence was the expression of mourning and the tangible mourning ceremonial dress was the signal with the lamentation meaning. Especially, characters and patterns were removed from the mourning ceremonial dresses in spite of their function of symbols and the styles of costumes were emphasized. Especially the meaning of condolences was symbolized by attachment of some small pieces of cloth on the upper garments. Hemp was mainly emphasized to be the material of the costumes and some different meanings showed according to the quality of the material hemp. The mourning ceremonial dresses were distinguished from ordinary dresses, which were emphasized because they gad some symbolic meaning of the mourning. 3. Considering the association of the synthetic relations of the costumes from the viewpoint that the mourning ceremonial dresses would be classified according to a system, the symbolization of them were avaliable by sex according to how to combine them and there were no distinction between social classes in the society.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.37-59
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• 2012

한국학 연구가 방법론적 영역주의, 방법론적 국가주의와 같은 영역적 함정에 빠져 위기를 맞이하고 있다. 이러한 상황을 극복하기 위한 한 방법으로 본 논문은 공간과 사회 사이의 내재적 연관성을 강조하는 사회-공간론적 관점을 한국학 연구에 적극 도입하기를 주장한다. 특히 사회-공간적 관계의 4가지 차원이라는 장소, 영역, 네트워크, 스케일에 주목하여, 이들이 어떻게 서로 중첩되고 결합되며 역동적으로 상호작용하는지를 '다중스케일의 네트워크적 영역성'이라는 관점에서 논의한다. 또한, 이 개념을 바탕으로 한국 자본주의 발전을 사회-공간론적 관점에서 이해하기 위해서 중요하게 고려해야 할 요소들을 간단히 살펴본다. 결론적으로 필자는 한국학 연구의 진전을 위해서는 글로벌, 국가, 지역, 도시 등과 같은 다양한 지리적 스케일에서 펼쳐지는 정치, 사회, 경제, 문화적 힘과 과정들이 만들어내는 한국이라는 지역의 다층적이고 다중스케일적인 속성을 제대로 이해하는 것이 필요함을 주장한다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

안료 생산 공정의 슬러지로부터 물을 제거하는 감량화 공정은 제품의 질 향상, 건조경비 절감 그리고 안료 운송경비 절감 등의 다양한 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 안료입자는 크기가 $5{\mu}m$ 이하로 미세하여 기계적인 힘에 의한 탈수가 어렵다. 미세입자의 탈수율 향상을 위해 기존의 필터프레스 탈수장치의 압착판 사이에 고정 열판을 장착하고, 열수를 고정열판에 공급하여 케이크 층에 열을 공급하여 슬러지 탈수하는 열필터프레스 탈수장치를 개발하였다. 이 장치를 통해 압착공정의 유무 탈수시간 변화와 같은 변수 실험을 통해 안료슬러지에 대한 탈수율 평가하였다. 그 결과 열 탈수 시 압착공정에 의한 탈수율이 비압착공정에 비하여 약 20% 증가하였다. 압착공정이 있는 경우, 탈수시간을 70분과 80분으로 하여 수행한 결과 탈수시간이 80분으로 길게 하였을 때, 함수율 46.7wt%에서 43.9wt%로 감소하였고, 탈수속도는 $4.0DSkg/m^2{\cdot}hr$에서 $3.5DSkg/m^2{\cdot}hr$으로 감소한 것으로 분석되었다. 열 탈수는 케이크 층으로부터 액체의 배출을 원활이 할 수 있어 장치의 여과포 막힘 현상(Clogging)을 최소화 할 수 있음을 관찰하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해, 압착공정이 탈수율 향상에 효과적이며, 탈수시간이 80분으로 길게 할 경우, 저함수율 탈수 케이크를 생산할 수 있지만 탈수속도의 감소로 인한 생산량 저감을 초래할 수 있다. 즉 본 연구에서 개발한 열필터프레스 탈수장치를 안료와 같은 미세입자가 함유된 슬러지에 적용한다면 보다 효과적으로 탈수케이크를 생산 할 수 있을 것으로 분석된다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2017

본 연구는 만석 객석의자 등의 흡음특성 시 활용될 수 있는 표준더미 개발을 위한 기초연구로서 착의량에 따른 인체의 흡음특성을 잔향실법 측정방법을 이용하여 평가하였다. 측정방법은 기존 연구(Conti et al., 2004)에 따라 잔향실 중앙에 1인의 피험자가 서 있는 조건에서, 다양한 소재의 의복착용에 따른 주파수 대역별 흡음면적을 측정하였다. 측정 결과, 겉옷을 제외한 상하의를 착용하였을 때 전주파수대역 평균 흡음면적은 피험자에 따라 $0.25m^2-0.48m^2$의 분포를 보였고, 외투 착용에 따라 $0.38m^2-0.98m^2$의 분포를 보였다. 섬유소재에 따라 폴리에스터 류의 겉옷은 800 Hz - 1 kHz 대역에서 피크 특성을 보였고, 모나 면 소재의 겉옷은 고주파수 대역으로 갈수록 흡음면적이 높아지는 특성을 보였다. 착의량에 따른 흡음면적의 변화는 착용한 의복의 열저항(clo)과 체표면적당 무게로 구분하여 비교하였다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2008

This study aims to investigate and analyze sewing methods according to the shape of the inner collar among women's jeogories in order to understand such sewing techniques, which has emerged during modern Korea, and has utilized diversly for the shape of the jeogori's inner collar and as part of the inner collar. The study was conducted on relics possessed between 1900 to 1990, or 515 pieces of jeogories. Jeogories were classified into single-layered and double-layered jeogories according to the shape of their composition. Inner collar shapes of jeogories have also been categorized. It was found that single-layered jeogories comprise 49 inner collars with shapes identical to those of the outer collars. Double-layered jeogories comprise of the following three types: 43 pieces of godae close, 18 pieces in which the inner collar of the outer bodice are cut without a connecting line and the inner collar of the godae and inner bodice are suspended, and 405 pieces in which the share of the inner collar is identical to that of the outer collar. From the shapes of inner collars mentioned above, the following sewing methods have been derived: 1. To sew the inner collar of single-layered jeogories, a seaming technique had been used. 2. Among the inner collars of a double-layered jeogori, godae close was sewn with only a short part of the godae by using a lining, and then finished with overage and blind stitches. Godae close was a covenient way to attach inner collars, and also saved much time. 3. Inner collars with shapes identical to the outer collar are divided into two groups: those with outer collars cut out fellowing the cloth without seam and shifted towards the linings and used as an inner collar, and those with outer collars made of outer linings and inner collar of inner linings. To sew the collar, paste and needlework had been employed, where the methods of needlework were divided into blind stitch, overage stitch, and catch stitch. In sewing with paste, only godae was blind stitched or overage stitched, and the remainder had been painted with paste or the collar had been finished with heated soldering iron after the entire inner collar was painted with paste.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.220-226
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• 2005

본 논문은 2002년-2004년 하계에 동중국해의 해저에 침적된 폐기물의 분포량 및 조성을 평가한 연구로서, 트롤 조업위치와 소해면적에 따라 다소 불규칙하지만, 폐기물의 종류가 다양하고 분포량이 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 수집된 폐기물의 년도별 평균값은 약 $31-43kg/km^2$ 범위였고, 지점별 분포밀도는 $0-110.3kg/km^2$ 범위로 제주도 인근 북서쪽에서 최대를 나타내었다. 폐기물 종류로는 어망, 문어단지, 통발, 드럼, 비닐과 목재 등이 많이 확인되었고, 어구, 비닐과 플라스틱 등에서는 한국, 중국과 일본 상표가 다수 확인되어 이 지역의 폐기물 분포는 한 중 일간에 어업 조업 및 선박운항 그리고 육상 유입과 밀접히 관련이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 침적된 폐기물 중 어망, 통발, 문어 단지와 낚시줄 등 어구관련 물질(Fishing gear)들이 42-72% 범위로 대부분을 차지하였고, 이것은 조업 중에 또는 후에 해양으로 고의적 또는 비고의적으로 투기되어 발생되는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한, 로우프와 드럼은 0-30%로 단위면적당 분포량 변동이 컸고, 고무, 플라스틱, 금속, 목재, 직물류 등은 C5를 제외하고는 대략 25% 이내를 차지하는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서, 동중국해를 포함한 한반도 주변해역에서의 해양 폐기물에 대한 종합적 대책수립을 위해서 지속적인 모니터링과 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.430-430
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• 2007

In general, polyimides (PIs) are used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) as alignment layer of liquid crystals (LCs). Up to date, the rubbing alignment technique has been widely used to align liquid crystals on the PI surface, which is suitable for mass-production of LCDs because of its simple process and high productivity. However, this method has some disadvantages. Rubbed PI surfaces include the debris left by the cloth and the generation of electrostatic charges during rubbing process. Therefore, rubbing-free techniques for LC alignment are strongly required in LCD technology. In this experiment, PI was uniformly coated on indium-tin-oxide electrode substrates to form LC alignment layers using a spin-coating method and the PI layers were subsequently imidized at 433 K for 1 h. The thickness of the PI layer was set at 50 nm. The LC alignment layer surfaces were exposed to an $Ar^+$ ion-beam under various ion-beam energies. The antiparallel cells and twisted-nematic (TN) cells for the measurement of pretile angle and electro-optical characteristics were fabricated with the cell gap of 60 and $5\;{\mu}m$, respectively. The LC cells were filled with nematic LC (NLC, MJ001929, Merck) and were assembled. The NLC alignment capability on ion-beam-treated PI was observed using photomicroscope and the pretilt angle of the NLC was measured by the crystal-rotation method at room temperature. Voltage-transmittance (V-T) and response time characteristics of the ion-beam irradiated TN cell were measured by a LCD evaluation system.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.384-391
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• 2007

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of the Korean raisin (Hovenia dulcis Thunb) extracts and polyherbal extracts consisted of 6 types herbal extracts including HDT (HDTmix) on $CCl_4$ induced organ damages. Extracts were prepared by autoclave ($121^{\circ}C$, 15 psi, 3 hours) and filtered with nylon cloth and filter paper then freezing dried. Male Sprague-Dawley rats $(200^{\circ}{\ae}20g)$ were used as experimental groups, which were divided into 5 groups; intact control group (100 mg/kg), $CCl_4$ dosing group (100 mg/kg), $CCl_4$ dosing after HDT extract dosing group (100 mg/kg), $CCl_4$ dosing after HDTmix dosing group (100 mg/kg), Silymarin dosing group (5 mg/kg) after all test articles were orally dosed once a day for 28 days. They were sacrifiled under ether anesthesia. HDT extracts and HDTmix dramatically inhibits the $CCl_4$ intoxicated hepato/nephropathies with immuno-suppress changes on the spleen. They showed more dramatical protective effects on most of specific organs compared to that of Silymarin 5 mg/kg except for hepatoprotective effects in which, quite similar effects were detected. In addition, HDT extracts showed synergic effects with other types of herbal extracts because HDTmix showed more favorable protective effects on the all specific organs showing $CCl_4-related$ histopathological changes compared to HDT extracts.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.507-512
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• 2019

조도가 고령자의 인지력에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여, 온도 $25^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 50RH% 및 기류속도 0.02m/sec의 측정실에서 조도를 100lux, 300lux, 600lux, 1000lux 및 1500lux로 변화시키면서 고령자의 뇌파, 집중력, 심박동변이 및 진동 이미지를 측정하였다. 활동이 활발한 남성 고령자 10명을 피험자로 선정하였다. 측정 조건은 의자에 착석하여 안정을 취하고 있는 1met의 활동량으로 하고, 착의량은 약 0.7clo로 통일하였다. 측정 결과 고령자가 1000lux에 있을 때 미드 베타파가 66.35%가 증가했고, 슬로우 알파파는 31.57%가 증가된 것으로 미루어 고령자에게 1000lux가 가장 쾌적한 조도라는 것을 알았다. 또한 집중력은 100lux에서 보다 1000lux에서 8.83%가 증가했고, 집중력의 패턴도 균일하게 유지되었다. SDNN은 100lux에서 보다 1000lux에서 74.94%가 증가하였다. 신경과민은 100lux에서 보다 1000lux에서 97.23%가 감소되었다. 이외에도 1000lux에서 HRT는 뚜렷하게 증가되었고, 공격성은 현저하게 감소되었다. 따라서 고령자가 1000lux에 있을 때 쾌적성, 집중력 및 심장 안정도 등이 가장 높아지는 것을 기반으로 향후 노인복지시설을 설계하는 경우에는 무엇보다도 조도를 가장 우선하여 설계를 해야만 고령자들의 안전과 자립도를 높일 수 있다고 판단된다.