• 제목/요약/키워드: closed forms

검색결과 223건 처리시간 0.022초

경운기 사고에 의한 흉부손상 8례의 임상적 고찰 (Chest Trauma by Triller Accident: 8 Cases)

  • 이지원
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.83-86
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    • 1981
  • Eight cases by power tiller accidents experienced for 3 years from Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1980 were studied clinically. The results are as follows: 1. The most of the patients were thirties to fifties, and the incidence rate of male to female 7:1. 2. The common injuries were hemopneumothorax and multiple rib fractures [respectively and the other associated injuries were hepatic and delayed splenic ruptures, and fractures of the another sites. 3. The accident forms were overturning [50.0%], falling down from the power tiller [37.5%], and collision against the power tiller [12.5%]. 4. All of the drivers and 75% of the passengers in the patients were drunken states at the accident time. 5. The common methods of treatment were closed thoracostomy [62.5%], conservative treatment [37.5%], and exploratory laparotomy [25.0%].

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WCDMA 시스템에서 셀 탐색의 단계별 직렬 처리 및 병렬 처리의 성능 비교 (Comparison of Performance of stepwise serial processing and stepwise parallel processing for Cell Search in WCDMA System)

  • 오호근;송문규
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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    • pp.73-76
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    • 2000
  • We investigate the stepwise parallel processing of the serial search which can success the co]1 search at low Ec/Io. The single path Rayleigh fading channel which is worst-case channel model is considered. The typical 3-step cell search is used. The probabilities of detection, miss and false alarm for each step are used in closed forms based on the statistics of CDMA noncoherent demodulator output. The optimal power allocation to each channel and The optimal number of post-detection integrations for each step is obtained. Also, the cumulative probability distribution of the average eel] search time for serial search methods are compared.

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네모난 금속홈에 의한 TM 평면파 산란의 해석적 해 (Analytic solution of TE plane-wave scattering from rectangular grooves)

  • 조용희
    • 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전자파학회 2005년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.15 No.1
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    • pp.175-178
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    • 2005
  • 중첩 T블록 방법을 이용하여 네모난 금속 홈에 평면파가 입사되는 경우의 해석적인 산란해를 구한다. 여러 개의 금속 홈이 있는 경우에도 각 영역을 세부 영역으로 나누어 수치효율을 증대시킨다. 최종 산란해가 빠른 적분식을 가진 간단한 닫힌 해로 표시된다.

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New Family of the Exponential Distributions for Modeling Skewed Semicircular Data

  • Kim, Hyoung-Moon
    • 응용통계연구
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.205-220
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    • 2009
  • For modeling skewed semicircular data, we derive new family of the exponential distributions. We extend it to the l-axial exponential distribution by a transformation for modeling any arc of arbitrary length. It is straightforward to generate samples from the f-axial exponential distribution. Asymptotic result reveals two things. The first is that linear exponential distribution can be used to approximate the l-axial exponential distribution. The second is that the l-axial exponential distribution has the asymptotic memoryless property though it doesn't have strict memoryless property. Some trigonometric moments are also derived in closed forms. Maximum likelihood estimation is adopted to estimate model parameters. Some hypotheses tests and confidence intervals are also developed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is adopted for goodness of fit test of the l-axial exponential distribution. We finally obtain a bivariate version of two kinds of the l-axial exponential distributions.

Ketoprofen이 랫트의 창상치유에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Ketoprofen on Wound Healing in Rats)

  • 구자동;배춘식;장경진
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.193-198
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    • 1999
  • Ketoprofen has been used as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) agent for analgesia in surgical patients and increasing numbers of surgical patients are chronically take some forms of NSAI drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of ketoprofen on the healing of a closed linear surgical wound and on the contraction of an opened surgical wound in rats. The experimental groups were divided into two groups and ten rats were allocated in each group. In ketoprofen-treated group, the rats were given 2.5 mg/mg/day of ketoprofen by s.c. for ten days. In control group, the rats were given 1ml of benzyl alcohol and distilled water by s.c. for ten days. After time period, all rats were sacrificed, and the breaking strength and the collagen concentrations, at the wound site, were measured. In ketoprofen-treated group, the mean breaking strength and the mean collagen concentration were significantly decreased when compared with those of controls. The ketoprofen-treated group had shown a mean rate of wound contraction less than that of the control, although not statistically significant. These results suggested that ketoprofen impaired wound healing.

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A Projected Exponential Family for Modeling Semicircular Data

  • Kim, Hyoung-Moon
    • 응용통계연구
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.1125-1145
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    • 2010
  • For modeling(skewed) semicircular data, we derive a new exponential family of distributions. We extend it to the l-axial exponential family of distributions by a projection for modeling any arc of arbitrary length. It is straightforward to generate samples from the l-axial exponential family of distributions. Asymptotic result reveals that the linear exponential family of distributions can be used to approximate the l-axial exponential family of distributions. Some trigonometric moments are also derived in closed forms. The maximum likelihood estimation is adopted to estimate model parameters. Some hypotheses tests and confidence intervals are also developed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is adopted for a goodness of t test of the l-axial exponential family of distributions. Samples of orientations are used to demonstrate the proposed model.

REMARKS ON FIXED POINT THEOREMS OF DOWNING AND KIRK FOR SET-VALUED MAPPINGS IN METRIC AND BANACH SPACES

  • Park, Sehie
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 1984
  • In [2], D. Downing and W.A. Kirk obtained a number of fixed point theorems for set-valued maps in matric and Banach spaces. The authors considered maps which are more general than the contractions with nonempty and closed mapping values, and obtain results for maps satisfying certain "inwardness" conditions. A key aspect of their approach is the application of a general fixed point theorem due to Caristi [1]. On the other hand, in [6], the present author obtained a number of equivalent formulations of the well-known result of I. Ekeland [3, 4] on the variational principle for approximate solutions of minimization problems. Some of such formulations include sharpened forms of the Caristi theorem. In this paper, using one of such formulations, we show that Theorems 1-3 and Corollaries 1-5 of [2] are substantially improved by giving geometric estimations of fixed points.ed points.

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NORMALIZATION OF THE HAMILTONIAN AND THE ACTION SPECTRUM

  • OH YONG-GEUN
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.65-83
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, we prove that the two well-known natural normalizations of Hamiltonian functions on the symplectic manifold ($M,\;{\omega}$) canonically relate the action spectra of different normalized Hamiltonians on arbitrary symplectic manifolds ($M,\;{\omega}$). The natural classes of normalized Hamiltonians consist of those whose mean value is zero for the closed manifold, and those which are compactly supported in IntM for the open manifold. We also study the effect of the action spectrum under the ${\pi}_1$ of Hamiltonian diffeomorphism group. This forms a foundational basis for our study of spectral invariants of the Hamiltonian diffeomorphism in [8].

Structural and Mechanical Systems Subjected to Constraints

  • Lee, Eun-Taik;Chung, Heon-Soo;Park, Sang-Yeol
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • 제18권11호
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    • pp.1891-1899
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    • 2004
  • The characteristics of dynamic systems subjected to multiple linear constraints are determined by considering the constrained effects. Although there have been many researches to investigate the dynamic characteristics of constrained systems, most of them depend on numerical analysis like Lagrange multipliers method. In 1992, Udwadia and Kalaba presented an explicit form to describe the motion for constrained discrete systems. Starting from the method, this study determines the dynamic characteristics of the systems to have positive semidefinite mass matrix and the continuous systems. And this study presents a closed form to calculate frequency response matrix for constrained systems subjected to harmonic forces. The proposed methods that do not depend on any numerical schemes take more generalized forms than other research results.

Formulation of the Green's Functions for Coplanar Waveguide Microwave Devices as Genetic Algorithm-Based Complex Images

  • Han, DaJung;Lee, ChangHyeong;Kahng, Sungtek
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.1600-1604
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    • 2017
  • A new Complex Image Method based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to calculate the Green's functions of CPW (coplanar waveguide)-type microwave components and antennas. The closed-forms of the spectral-domain integrals are obtained by the GA, avoiding the conventional procedures of the tedious linear algebra and the sampling conditions sensitive to the complex-variable sampling paths adopted in the Prony's and GPOF methods. The proposed method is compared with the numerical Sommerfeld Integral, which results in good agreement.