• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.40-50
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual feedback on the postural control of stroke patients, by systematically varying conditions of visual feedback [eye-open condition (EO) vs. eye-closed condition (EC)], and base-support (both-side support, affected-side support, and unaffected-side support). In this study, we allocated 41 stroke patients with no damage in the cerebellum and visual cortex who can walk at least 10 meters independently, and 35 normal adults who have no experience of stroke to the control group. Both groups were asked to perform a "sit-to-stand" task three to five times, and their postural control ability was measured and compared in terms of asymmetric dependence (AD) instead of the traditional symmetric index (SI) in the literature. The results showed that although both subject groups maintained better postural control in the EO condition than in the EC condition, the patient group appeared to be more stable in EC than in EO when they were required to perform the task of the support condition given on the affected side. These results implied that visual feedback can impair stroke patients' postural control when it is combined with a specific support condition.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effects of knee extension exercise using blood flow restriction on the changes in the thickness and static balance ability of the tendon of the rectus femoris muscle and achilles tendon. Methods: A total of 30 subjects was were divided into two groups of 15 subjects each. The changes in the thickness and balance of their tendons were measured by ultrasonography and balance equipment. The measurements were taken three times: before the experiment, 4 weeks after, and 8 weeks after. The results were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, one-way ANOVA was conducted in cases where there were time-to-group interactions in the intra-individual effects test. Results: Significant differences in the thickness of the tendon of the rectus femoris muscle and Achilles tendon were found between the groups, over time, and in the time-to-group interactions (p<0.05). The changes in balance in both feet when the supporting positions between eye-open and eye-closed states were significantly different in the time-to-group interactions (p<0.05), but were not different between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Knee extension exercise using blood flow restriction leads to significant differences in the increase in tendon thickness and changes in balance, indicating that the results of this study can be utilized as basic data for future studies and for rehabilitation treatment at clinics.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.177-186
• /
• 2005

이 논문에서는 계산 복잡성이 단순화된 비선형 추정기를 소개하고, 이를 적용한 Bussgang 블라인드 등화 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 베이즈 추정기가 눈 모형이 닫힌 등화 초기에는 시그모이드 추정기로 잘 근사화되며, 눈 모형이 열린 조건에서는 임계 추정기에 근사화되는 사실을 이용하였다. 제안 방법에서는 매 갱신 마다 채널 왜곡의 정도에 따라 시그모이드 추정기와 임계 추정기를 선택적으로 적용하고, 특히 시그모이드 추정기에 축소 신호점을 도입함으로써 고차 QAM 신호의 블라인드 등화에 적용 시 계산 복잡성을 극히 단순화하는 동시에 블라인드 수렴 특성과 정상상태 성능을 개선할 수 있음을 보인다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study examined the various patterns of standing to squatting activities, and reports the testing standard and phases for examining the standing to squatting position. Methods: One thousand, normal college students (500 males, 500 females) volunteered for this study. The patterns are performed by naked eye analysis with two video cameras. Results: The patterns from the standing to squatting position are as follows 1. parallel with the heel on the pattern: 2. parallel with the heel off the pattern: 3. closed with the heel on the pattern: 4. closed with the heel on the pattern: 5. open with the heel on the patternand 6. open with the heel on the pattern. Conclusion: The phases of the standing to squatting position are as follows: phase I from standing to the anterior parts of the knees reaching the anterior limit of the BOS, phase II from phase I until the height of the hip and knee joints are the same, phase III from phase II until there was no full squatting and the heels broke contact with the floor and phase IV from phase III full squatting on the heels in contact with the floor.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.266-277
• /
• 1995

벼멸구는 촉각 기부의 등쪽으로 알모양의 24ㅐ의 겹눈을 가지고 있다. 벼멸구의 겹눈은 각각의 단안이 분리되어 있고, 각각의 낱눈이 단지 그들의 각막렌즈를 통해서만이 빛을 받는 연립상 겹눈이다. 각각의 낱눈은 큐티클성 각막렌즈와 그 안쪽에 수정체가 자리잡고 있다. 망막세포는 수정체 바로 아래쪽에 자리하며, 이들은 중심축쪽으로 감간소체들이 밀집결합되어 감간체를 형성한다. 감간체는 수정체 말단부분에서 시작되어 기저막에 까지 다달으며, 그 길이는 약 110~120${\mu}m$ 정도이다. 수정체는 4개로 구성된 한쌍의 1차색소세포에 의하여 둘러 쌓여 있으며 이것은 또한 부속색소세포에 의하여 둘러 쌓여 있다. 수정체의 기저부위는 망막세포에 의하여 일부가 둘러 쌓여 있고 망막세포의 내벽에서 발생한 감간소체들로 구성된 감간체와 닿아있다. 낱눈의 상층부분은 7개의 망막세포로 구성되어 있으나 3/4부분에서 8번째의 망막세포가 자리잡고 있다. 중앙부위에 위치하고 있는 감간체는 미세용 모들로 구성된 감간소체들로 구성되어 있는데, 이들 미세융모의 단면도는 6각형의 모양을 가지고 있다. 색소세포는 수정체를 감싸고 있는 1차색소세포, 기저막까지 닿아 있는 부속색소세포, 기저막 부위의 기저막색소세포 등 3가지의 색소세포들이 있다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.1047-1052
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we design an image-based robust controller to compensate uncertainties with image Jacobian and robot dynamics due to uncertain depth measurement and load variations. The proposed controller with eye-in-hand structure has separate terms to compensate each of uncertainties. The ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system is proved by the Lyapunov approach. The performance of the proposed control system is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results a 5-link robot manipulator with two degree of freedom.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.136-138
• /
• 2003

Purpose : A clinical case of diabetic foot-wound repair using Hirudo medicinalis therapy and its application is reported and discussed. Methods : The subject was a sixty-six-year-old woman diagnosed with a non-healing wound indicating the amputation of her right diabetic foot. Instead, Hirudo medicinalis therapy was performed twelve times over forty days, twice a week. The transition of wound closure was observed with the naked eye, and the plethysmogram was measured at the beginning and end of the treatment period. Results : The wound contracted with decreased exudate, collagen-like connective tissue sprouted, and then the wound gradually closed. The initial value (-0.08) of the dicrotic elastic index rose to -0.03. Conclusion : Hirudo medicinalis therapy had a positive effect on the wound repair, without a negative effect on the circulation, allowing the foot to be saved. It is necessary to investigate its wound repair mechanism for the further development of the Sahyul method.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine immediate effects of 15 minutes plantarflexor static stretching in quite stance. Methods : Twenty-nine subjects were measured static balance during 1 minute in quite stance with eye closed condition before and after 15 minutes plantarflexor static stretching. Static stretching range was limited from $15^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$ dorsiflexion within comfortable range. Results : The result of this study showed that postural sway significantly increased during 1 minute quiet stance after 15 minutes static stretching(p<.05). Before stretching, postural sway significantly decreased during 41-60 seconds compared to 0-20, 21-40 seconds(p<.05). After stretching, postural sway was decreased significantly over time 0-20, 21-40, and 41-60 seconds(p<.05). Conclusion : The prolong plantarflexor static stretching may require biomechanical, neurological adaptations prior to walking or sport activities for safety.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한의용생체공학회 1998년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.211-212
• /
• 1998

In this experiment, we developed a mind switching device which uses $\alpha$-wave with its amplitude varying between the eye-open and closed states. If the subject closes eyes, the switch toggles with a small delay. The circuit consists of an amplifier, a filter and a switch. An instrument amplifier is used fur high CMRR and for high input impedance. An 8th order Butterworth filter was able to reduce noise satisfactorily. The signal is then converted to a DC level, and finally a Schmitt trigger was used to generate a switching pulse.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the stretching of the calf muscles on foot pressure and contact area in young adult. Participants stood on a wedge board that was sloped between 15~25 degree for 15min. After stretching participants stood quietly on force plate, result was recorded. Participants stood on a force plate for 1 min in eye closed condition, and them the foot pressure and area was recorded. The following variables were calculated off-line: anterior and posterior foot pressure and contact area, medial and lateral foot pressure and contact area. Results showed that anterior pressure change due to stretch, but mediolateral was not significant. This result suggested that stretching of the calf muscle has the effect of increasing anterior pressure by flexibility change on calf muscle, so this effects might be effective intervention for reduce of serious problem to neurologic patients in therapy session.