• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2023

Although Due to industrial development and urbanization, the number of schools closing due to a decrease in the school-age population is increasing due to the phenomenon of relocation from farming and fishing villages. Closing schools are used as social and cultural facilities, or they are used to generate income by providing education and experiences. Agro-healing is an activity that promotes psychological, social, and physical health by using rural resources. By reflecting the Agro-healing in the services operated by the closed school, the perception of the provision of the Agro-healing service was investigated as a way to provide a therapeutic service to visitors and to increase the utilization of the closed school. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions, a total of 5 questions related to demographic information, a total of 5 questions related to the perception of agro-healing activities in closed school facilities. As a result, 347 people participated in the survey. The higher the awareness of agro-healing, the need for a agro-healing expert, the satisfaction with the use of rural closed school facilities, and the willingness to participate in agro-healing activities, the higher the awareness that the provision of agro-healing services was necessary by the state. Theses results are expected to be useful as basic to data to solve the diverse limitation in rural closed school and agro-healing activities.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.261-264
• /
• 2010

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2011

Regional closed schools of about more 3,348(2010 year) have occurred all over the country according to governmental policy of 1982. Moreover, The applications of be closed school are not efficient and few studies about using community center. Also, Farmer which is the leader of revitalization of rural village could not have advantages about community center in rural area than in urban area. Therefore, The propose of study is increasing values of culture and local by using community center with closed schools. For moving ahead with study, I analysis about causes of origination of closed schools with literature and refer to the reference of the current of situation in Gyeongbuk Local Education Authority and National Statistical Office and Comprehensive Rural Community Development Program of Minister for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Korea for examination of conjugating closed school through community center. According to the research, community center was to be included hall, visiting center, exhibiting space, conference room, experience room, multipurpose room, dining room, welfare space and specialized room with revitalization of rural village. I proposed improvement of law and administration and suggest several cases which already in utilization.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to compare colony forming unit (CFU) of microorganisms in closed and open soilless culture systems for estimating the possibility for potential disease occurrence. Samples were collected at four different positions in four commercial greenhouses with closed or open soilless culture system using rock wool or coir as substrate, respectively. The distance between sampling positions was 3 cm starting from the substrate and the surface area of each position was $25cm^2$. The CFU of fungi was significantly higher in the open system, while that of bacteria was not significantly different but showed relatively lower in the closed system. Samples collected at the plastic surface of the substrates where little environmental effects occurred from drainage showed lower CFU than any other positions. The principal component analysis showed that samples collected on the drainage pathway highly affected the changes in microbial population in the greenhouse. These results indicated that greenhouses with closed soilless culture are expected to have more advantageous conditions for restraining the microbial growth, resulting in the lower potential of disease occurence in greenhouse ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2006

The conservation or practical use of a lot of closed schools which occurred from 1982 all over the country by governmental policy has been becoming important concerns to local resident and community with economical and administrative interest. A lot of examples, sold or rented to public institutions or a person, which have been using by welfare facilities for inhabitants, facilities for education, youth, company, culture and art, and other use, could be found. It could be said that the process of user's participation of these examples is very high, that is, a lot of examples of our surrounding is applied with ecological concept have participated by most users and local residents directly to architectural repair and renewal process, and practical use. In this background, I choose total five examples more than one by Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam district to investigate examples of closed schools applied ecological architectural concept and I researched reconfiguration of site, change of exterior or interior material, application of ecological system, and role as local community.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.102-111
• /
• 2004

Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) consists of different treatment compartments that maintain water quality within the ranges commonly recommended for fish cultures. However, common RASs still exert considerable environmental impact since concentrations of organic matter and nutrients in their effluents are high. Compared with the traditional RAS, the model RAS developed here use a sedimentation basin for digestion purposes and then use the released volatile organic matter to stimulate a denitrification process. Different treatment compartments for solids, total ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate removal have been reviewed. This paper provides the basic information on designing different treatment compartments as well as the engineering criteria in closed seawater RAS, consisting of circular tanks for fish cultures; dual drain systems, sedimentation basins and foam fractionators for removal of solids; nitrification biofilters for TAN removal; denitrification biofilters for nitrate removal; and aerators for aeration. The main purpose is to outline a common procedure in designing of closed RAS for marine fish culture with an emphasis on easy management and low expense, as well as reduction of the environmental impact.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2001

Photoautotrophic micropropagation systems do not include sugar in the culture media. This characteristic provides advantages to scale up the micropropagation systems comparing photomixotrophic micropropagation systems. A closed, large-scale photoautotrophic micro-propagation for transplant production system has been developed at Chiba University, Japan. New concepts and technologies were adapted to produce high quality transplants at minimum usage of resources, and as scheduled. Newly developed software for production management was used to enhance the efficiency of the transplant production system. Currently, virus-free transplants of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) are vegetatively propagated and produced under sterilized conditions in this system. This system can also be used for production of transplants of any other species including horticultural and woody plants with a minimum of modification.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.232-241
• /
• 1999

The automatic irrigation system using the stem diameter monitoring and the transpiration model for the determination, respectively, of irrigation timing and amount was designed and evaluated for its applicability in pot and field culture of greenhouse tomato. In the pot culture condition, the yield and quality of greenhouse tomato were improved when irrigation was practiced based on the stem diameter monitoring and the transpiration model as compared to the irrigation practice based on soil moisture monitoring. However, the effects were not significant in the field culture condition.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2022

The decrease in the school-age population caused the closure of private universities, but the guidelines at closed private universities are ambiguous, causing confusion. Therefore, this study intends to suggest a plan to utilize the closed school university. The government aims to increase the possibility of selling closed schools by preventing alley slums through the recovery of alley commercial districts and local communities. The data were collected through a Google survey from September 30 to October 8, 2021 and an on-site interview conducted on October 2, 2021. A total of 84 nearby citizens of the closed school university were surveyed, and on-site interviews were conducted with a total of five people. The collected data suggested the direction of utilization plan for closed school building. This study will present a model for the use of closed school property in the future and contribute to the establishment of urban regeneration policies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.10
• /
• pp.1500-1506
• /
• 2017

Objective: High $NH_3$ emissions from poultry houses are reported to have negative impacts on health, welfare and safety of birds and humans, and on the environment. Objective of the present study was to determine the effects of two litter amendments on the $NH_3$ levels in broiler closed houses under hot-humid conditions. Methods: Giving a completely randomize design, nine closed houses, each housed 32,500 birds on paddy husk litter, were randomly allocated into two treatment (Mizuho; a bacterial culture mix and Rydall OE; an enzymatic biocatalyst) and control groups. $NH_3$ levels were determined thrice a day (0600, 1200, and 1800 h), at three heights from the litter surface (30, 90, and 150 cm), at 20 predetermined locations of a house, from day 1 to 41. Results: Rydall significantly reduced the $NH_3$ level compared to control and Mizuho. $NH_3$ levels at 30 cm were significantly higher than that of 90 and 150 cm. The $NH_3$ levels at 30 cm height were higher than 25 ppm level from day 9, 11, and 13 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 41. $NH_3$ levels at 150 cm height were higher than maximum threshold limit of 50 ppm for human exposure from day 12, 14, and 15 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 33. Being significantly different among each other, the $NH_3$ level was highest and lowest at 0600 and 1800 h. Litter amendments had no significant effects on growth performance. Rydall significantly increased the litter N content on day 24. Conclusion: It was concluded that the $NH_3$ levels of closed house broiler production facilities under tropical condition are so high that both birds and workers are exposed to above recommended levels during many days of the growing period. Compared to microbial culture, the enzymatic biocatalyst was found to be more effective in reducing $NH_3$ level.