• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2016

본 연구는 안동댐 유역의 주요 수종인 소나무와 신갈나무를 대상으로 임분평균흉고직경과 기상인자의 관계를 규명하고자 수행되었다. 본 연구는 제5차 국가산림자원조사(NFI5)자료 중 임령, 임분평균흉고직경, ha당 본수자료를 사용해 임분단위의 평균흉고직경을 추정하는 모형을 개발하고, NFI6 자료로 검증을 실시하였다. 또한 안동댐 유역 수문기상관측소 6개소와 주변지역의 Automatic Weather System (AWS)의 관측자료에서 취득한 기온 자료를 사용하여 100m 공간해상도를 갖는 상세한 기상자료를 구축하였다. 연구대상지가 복잡한 산악 지형임을 고려하여 기온감률을 적용 후 Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) 보간법을 적용하여 점 형태의 기상자료를 면 형태로 재구축하였다. 이와 같이 구축된 정밀기상인자와 직경생장간의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과 기온 상승은 소나무에 부(-)의 영향을 주며, 참나무류인 신갈나무에는 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나 기존 연구들과 일치하는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구는 수문기상관측소와 AWS 자료를 연계하여 세밀한 기후지도를 구축하고, 이를 통해 유역규모의 임목생장과 기후인자와의 관계를 파악했다는 것에 의미가 있으며 지역규모의 산림변화 예측 및 관리 계획 수립을 지원할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대기
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.477-492
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• 2023

Based on the new climate normals (1991~2020), annual mean, maximum and minimum temperature is 12.5℃, 18.2℃, and 7.7℃, respectively while annual precipitation is 1,331.7 mm, the annual mean wind speed is 2.0 m s^-1, and the relative humidity is 67.8% in the Republic of Korea. Compared to 1981~2010 normal, annual mean temperature increased by 0.2℃, maximum and minimum temperatures increased by 0.3℃, while the amount of precipitation (0.7%) and relative humidity (1.1%) decreased. There was no distinct change in annual mean wind speed. The spatial range of the annual mean temperature in the new normals is large from 7.1 to 16.9℃. Annual precipitation showed a high regional variability, ranging from 787.3 to 2,030.0 mm. The annual mean relative humidity decreased at most weather stations due to the rise in temperature, and the annual mean wind speed did not show any distinct difference between the new and old normals. With the addition of a warmer decade (2011~2020), temperatures all increased consistently and in particular, the increase in the maximum temperature, which had not significantly changed in previous decades, was evident. The increasing trend of annual and summer precipitation by the 2010s has disappeared in the new normals. Among extreme climate indices, MxT30 (Daily maximum temperature ≥ 33℃ days), MnT25 (Daily minimum temperature ≥ 25℃ days), and PH30 (1 hour maximum precipitation ≥ 30 mm days) increased while MnT-10 (Daily minimum temperature < -10℃ days) and W13.9 (Daily maximum wind speed ≥ 13.9 m/s days) decreased at a statistically significant level. It is thought that a detailed study on the different trends of climate elements and extreme climate indices by region should be conducted in the future.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 1994

과거와 현재의 기상환경(氣象環境) 변화를 분석하여 농업기후자원(農業氣候資源)의 분포 변화와 앞으로 변화될 기상환경(氣象環境)을 예측하고 그 대응책을 마련하는 기초자료를 얻고자 기상청(氣象廳)에서 측정한 기온(氣溫), 강수량(降水量), 일조시수(日照時數) 등을 대상으로 전반(前半) 30년(年)($1931{\sim}1960$)과 후반(後半) 30년(年)($1961{\sim}1990$)으로 나누어서 기후(氣候)의 차이를 비교 분석하였으며, 아울러 기후자원(氣候資源)의 지표(指標)가 되는 온양지수(溫量指數)와 한냉지수(寒冷指數)의 변화를 산출하여 비교하였다. 1. 서울, 대구(大邱), 부산(釜山) 3개(個) 지역의 1910연대(年代) 평균기온(平均氣溫)은 각각 10.7, 12.3, $13.4^{\circ}C$ 였는데, 1990연대(年代)에 이르러 각각 1.3, 1.3, $0.9^{\circ}C$ 정도 높아져 도시(都市)의 온난화(溫暖化)가 뚜렷하였다. 2. 후반(後半) 30년(年)의 봄($3{\sim}5$월(月)) 평균기온(平均氣溫)은 전반(前半)보다 약 $0.69^{\circ}C$ 정도 높아서 다른 계절의 $0.26{\sim}0.33^{\circ}C$ 상승(上昇)보다 훨씬 컸다. 3. 전반(前半)과 후반(後半)에 지역별 연평균기온(年平均氣溫)의 차이는 중북부지방은 작았으나, 남부지방에서는 후반(後半)에 약 $1^{\circ}C$ 높았다. 4. 강수량(降水量)의 지역별 분포는 후반(後半)이 전반(前半)보다 약 100mm가 높았으나, 서해안과 중북부 지역은 크게 증가하지 않았다. 5. P/E비(比)는 후반(後半)에 증가된 경향이었으며, 여름에는 높았고 겨울에는 낮았다. 6. 전반(前半)과 후반(後半)의 상대습도(相對濕度)의 지역별 계절별 차이는 약간 있었으나, 연평균(年平均) 상대습도(相對濕度)는 차이가 거의 없었다. 7. 일조시수(日照時數)는 후반(後半)에 줄어들었으며, 여름($6{\sim}8$월(月))에는 약 70시간 짧아졌다. 8. 전체적으로 전반(前半)보다 후반(後半)에 온양지수(溫量指數)는 3.7, 한냉지수(寒冷指數)는 1.0 정도 높았다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.35-49
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• 1999

The North Pacific Arctic region has common factors such as climatic characteristics and similarity of animals inhabiting the region. But also there exists geographical barriers that separates the tribes, different languages between the tribes. Although there are such differences, the clothing and ornaments of the region have relatively similar design and style. And above all possess the ‘spirit’. The tribes find the motives of such ‘spirit’ in human, animal, and soul\`s adaptability to change and in grafting such changes of forms into clothing. Especially as means of pleasing the animal that they vitally rely on, the tribes made the clothing as beautiful as the nature itself and they tried to connect the humans and animals universally through such clothing that have social, artistic, and enchantic conditions. The supply of raw materials of animals has elevated the creativeness one step up and the precise knowledge about fur show their superior techniques in making fur clothing. The use of gutskin has is an excellent example of such knowledge, which is very unique of the region. The gutskin has moderate plasticity and thus can be cut into all sorts of pattern. It harmonizes the functionality and practicality. The worldwide fashion trend is dominated by Western style, but the clothing of this region is still keeping its distinctive folk identity. At the start of the research, Kayak and itelmen tribes of Asia, the tribes of Amur river and Aleut and Tlingit tribes of North America seems to be geographically too far from each other and therefore searching theoretical background for common cultural origins seems to be immoderate. But lighting the fact that geographical adjacency that can be perceived through costume cultural history, is the most important factor that gives mutual influences to costume culture between the neighboring tribes, cultural relative similarity of the costume is influenced by geographical location rather than physical distance between the tribes. Also humans\` adaptability to their environment is seriously contaminated with man-made products. This study on North Pacific Arctic region is telling us many things about our past, present and future.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.843-857
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 강원도 산지지 역의 자연재해의 빈도 및 피해액의 분포 특성을 파악하고 이와 관련된 기후요소의 변화를 분석하였다. 최근 5년($2003{\sim}2007$년) 동안 강원도 산지지역에서는 총 27회의 자연재해가 발생하였으며 그 중 호우에 의한 재해가 16회로 가장 많다. 재해가 가장 빈번했던 지역은 평창군 진부면으로 총 9회 발생하였다. 강원도 산지지역에서 자연재해에 의한 피해는 그 주변지역보다 크며, 산지지역 내에서는 해발고도가 높은 지역에서 피해가 더 크다. 강원도 산지지역의 북서부 지역에는 주로 호우에 의한 피해만 있었으며, 태풍에 의한 피해는 산지의 남부 지역에 집중되었다. 강풍에 의한 피해는 대부분의 산지에서 나타나는 반면 대설에 의한 피해는 적다. 강원도 산지지역에서 강수량, 강수강도 및 호우일수는 증가하였고 2000년대에 들어서 강수강도의 증가 경향이 뚜렷하다. 반면 2000년대 이후 강설일수, 강설량 및 대설일수는 뚜렷하게 감소하고 있다. 강원도 산지지역에서는 최근 호우에 의한 재해가 가장 빈번하였고 강풍의 경우 감소하는 경향이나 호우와 함께 발생할 경우 그 피해가 크므로 호우 및 강풍에 의한 재해에 대한 대비가 중요하다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2010

The post-war period has witnessed the emergence of new towns in a number of countries in Southeast Asia. The new town development in Malaysia started with Petaling Jaya (PJ) as a satellite town in 1953 to accommodate the rapid growing population of Kuala Lumpur (KL). Shah Alam (SA), Subang Jaya (SJ) are all located in the Klang Valley and act as an important social and economic development hub in the nation. New towns have been designed in accordance with the British town planning principles, which were based on the model of a modern ideal city. They constituted a new regional character because they were developed taking into consideration factors such as local technologies as well as site and, climatic conditions. The initial goal of the new town construction and planning, which focused basically on resettling squatters, was later changed to focus on the improvement of the quality of living. This phenomenon was related to the emergence of the middle class, which had grown rapidly ever since. With the public agencies, the private sectors have played an important role in providing viable and sustainable human units of settlement that address the new design issues of new town planning. The goal of this study is to identify the identity of the recent new town planning principles of Malaysia, how they were developed over time and how they were regionalized and transformed in a cultural and regional context. For the analysis, we chose 3 new towns which are located in Klang Valley and which are representative recent projects of two major housing development companies in Malaysia. To identify the planning principles, we analyzed these projects in the viewpoint of the urban space, street system, and housing blocks and units.

• Architectural research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2005

Throughout history, buildings have been interrelated with certain indigenous characteristics such as regional climate, culture and religions. In particular, the control of regional climate has been primarily a concern for compatibility with nature. In our modern age, technologies to control climate have been successfully developed in architecture but the consumption of large quantities of natural resources can also produce environmental problems. This study is based on the proposition that this negative trend can be minimized with architectural design that is motivated to coexist with a regional climate. This study develops these design strategies for tall office buildings by analyzing various combinations of building design configurations based on regional climates. The objective is to determine the optimum architecture of tall office buildings during the initial design process that will reduce energy consumption for regional climatic conditions. The eQUEST energy simulating program based on DOE-2.2 was used for this comparative analysis study of the energy use in tall office buildings based on architectural design variables and different regional climates. The results are statistically analyzed and presented in functional architectural design decision-making tables and charts. As a result of the comparison of architectural design consideration for tall office buildings in relation to regional climates, buildings physically need less energy consumption when the architecture is concerned with the regional climate and it produces a more reasonable design methodology. In reality, imbalanced planning which is architectural design's lack of regional characteristics requires additional natural resources to maintain desired comfortable indoor conditions. Therefore, the application of integrated architectural design with regional nature should be the first architectural design stage and this research produces the rational. This architectural design language approach must be a starting point to sustaining long-term planning.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1984

1976年 3月부터 1977年 2月까지 滿 12個月동안 榮山江 汽水域 39個 場所로부터 採水한 156個 water sample로서 酵母의 季節的 分布와 度包配에 따른 이들 酵母의 分布型을 調査하였다. 酵母의 全體 平均値는 100ml당 52에서 487個의 生菌數를 보여주었고 가장 많은 個體數는 春季에 있었고 가장 적은 個體數는 夏季에 있었다. 14屬 83種에 해당하는 933個의 酵母와 한 種의 酵母樣 곰팡이가 分離되었는데 基中 Candida가 29%, Debaryomyces가 17.3%, Rhodotorula가 16%, Saccharomyces가 14%이었고 나머지 다른 屬들은 10%以內이었다. Debaryomyces hansenii와 Rhodotorula glutinis가 全水域에서는 물론 年中 優點種이었고 총 好氣性細菌集團의 크기, 陸水流入量, 그리고 몇가지 지형적 기후적 요소들이 汽水환경에서 酵母의 季節的 分布는 물론 種의 組成을 反映하는 같다. 酵母의 平均數, 種의 多樣性 特히 醱酵性 및 爲菌系形成 母酵들의 數는 감度가 감소함에 따라 增加한 反面 질산염 利用酵母들은 위와 相反된 경향을 보여주었는데 이는 汽水域에서 酵母의 分布型을 認識하는데 감度勾配가 바람직한 看破 요소로서 利用될 수 ㅣ있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.253-263
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• 1996

This study is an attempt to classify climatic regions of Korea based on the data of sunshine duration and to clarify the characteristics of sunshine for each divided regions. The data used in this study are the mean values of monthly and ten-daily sunshine duration, sunshine percentage, solar radiation and proud amount obtained from 63 weather stations of the Korea Meteorological Administration during the period of 1974~ 1993. The characteristics of annual change of sunshine percentage, annual duration of sunshine, percentage of sunshine, annual radiation, amount of cloud, days of sunshine percentage above 80% and-days of sunless are investigated by the mean values of -the stations belong to divided regions. The ward method of hierarchical cluster analysis is adopted to the analysis of data for the regional division. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. (1) The sunshine regions of Korea can be divided into six regions of the central west, central east, south west, souls east, Ullung-do and Cheju-do. These are strongly affected by the dirtribution of inclined slopes taking account of the topographic characteristics of Korea. (2) Annual distribution shows the sunshine duration of 1777~ 2287 hours, sunshine percentage of 40~53%, solar radiation of 3469~4637 MJ/$m^2$, cloud amount of 5.0~6.1, days of sunshine perrentage above 80% of 53~116days and sunless days of 46~71days. (3) The types of annual change of sunshine percentages is classified with four types of minimum in July and maximum in October, minimum in July and maximum in December, high in May and October and low in July and January, high in May and November and low in June and January. (4) The long-term trend of sunshine duration decrease in peninsula area but increase in island area and the Tong-term inclination of cloud amount is almost zero. The author believe this tendency is related to a pollutional turbidity than a cloud amount in inland area.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2010

To understand day-to-day fluctuations in soil moisture content in Seoul, I simulated daily soil moisture content from 1908 to 2009 using long-term climatic precipitation and temperature data collected at the Surface Synoptic Meteorological Station in Seoul for the last 98 years with a hydrological simulation model, BROOK. The output data set from the BROOK model allowed me to examine day-to-day fluctuations and the severity and duration of droughts in the Seoul area. Although the soil moisture content is highly dependent on the occurrence of precipitation, the pattern of changes in daily soil moisture content was clearly quite different from that of precipitation. Generally, there were several phases in the dynamics of daily soil moisture content. The period from mid-May to late June can be categorized as the initial period of decreasing soil moisture content. With the initiation of the monsoon season in late June, soil moisture content sharply increases until mid-July. From the termination of the rainy season in mid-July, daily soil moisture content decreases again. Highly stochastic events of typhoons from late June to October bring large amount of rain to the Korean peninsula, culminating in late August, and increase the soil moisture content again from late August to early September. From early September until early October, another sharp decrease in soil moisture content was observed. The period from early October to mid-May of the next year can be categorized as a recharging period when soil moisture content shows an increasing trend. It is interesting to note that no statistically significant increase in mean annual soil moisture content in Seoul, Korea was observed over the last 98 years. By simulating daily soil moisture content, I was also able to reconstruct drought phenomena to understand the severity and duration of droughts in Seoul area. During the period from 1908 to 2009, droughts in the years 1913, 1979, 1939, and 2006 were categorized as 'severe' and those in 1988 and 1982 were categorized as 'extreme'. This information provides ecologists with further potential to interpret natural phenomenon, including tree growth and the decline of tree species in Korea.