• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.637-649
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• 2011

Environmental protection has become more important than ever because of increasing environmental pollution and abnormal climatic changes caused by the depletion of resources from industrial activities. Fashion products can create various environmental pollutants during the production process. Since they are in direct contact with the body, the environment-friendly features for the fashion industry will become increasingly important and the necessity to execute a detailed study regarding the environment-friendly fashion marketing will also become increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to segment the levels of environment-friendly fashion marketing mixes, that analyze the relationship between consumer decision-making factors and purchasing intentions. We propose effective several marketing strategies. A total of 457 questionnaires were analyzed using frequency analysis, t-tests, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and ANOVA in SPSS. The results are as follows: First, environment-friendly fashion products were segmented into four groups, environment-friendly materials, environment-friendly production, environment-friendly management, and recycling/ disuse of products. Second, the promotion of environment-friendly fashion products were highly ranked, followed by materials used, distribution methods, and production management. Third, women considered usage, management, and price for environment-friendly fashion products as more important than men did. Finally, a total of 39.4% of the respondents had purchased environment-friendly fashion products, with a preference to buy environment-friendly underwear, outerwear, bags, shoes, and accessories. By establishing and executing the environment-friendly fashion marketing mixes, fashion companies execute successful marketing activities in both domestic and international markets.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.601-609
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• 2016

Recently, extreme climate change has been occurring globally not only in the simple form of temperature increases but also in a wide range of extreme climatic events, such as abnormal drought conditions and frequent typhoons. In addition, climate change is delaying the construction period of concrete structures, increasing related economic losses. Forcing construction projects for completion without considering climate change is leading to concrete quality deterioration, poor quality constructions, and consequent casualties and property damage. Therefore, to address these problems and provide a countermeasure to climate change, the present study selected wind speed, and sunlight exposure time as the most important curing conditions among the climate factors affecting concrete structures and examined their effects on the curing and durability of concrete structures. In addition, for the analysis of the experimental results, this study proposed a process of performance based evaluation (PBE) of concrete strength and durability using a method of Satisfaction Curve (SC) generation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1988

Some climatic factors and quality-ralated chemical properties were compared among conventional late and early transplanting in Korea, and conventional growing in Greece where climate for tobacco growth and quality is quite different from Korea. Precipitations were lowest and sunshine hours were highest for greece planting. Rainfall was 40% or less and the number of sunshine hours was higher by 20% or more in early transplanting than in conventional late planting during the period from 30 days to 80 days after transplanting in Korea. The content of total nitrogen, nicotine, petroleum ether extracts of leaves were much higher in Greece planting than those in Korea planting. The content of volatile organic acids and volatile neutrals were highest with Greece culture, followed by early and late transplanting in Korea. The leaf quality evaluated by price showed the same trends. Ash content and pH level of leaves were considerably lower in early transplanting than late planting. Petroleum ether extracts, volatile organic acids and total nitrogen showed significant positive correlation coefficients with assigned grade price, while ash content showed significant negative correlation coefficients. Quality indices were deviced and applied for the Quality evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.769-779
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• 2019

Chilli peppers are predominantly cultivated in open field systems under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Abiotic and biotic factors have a considerable effect on plant performance, fruit quantity, and quality. Chilli peppers grow well in a tropical climate due to their adaptation to warm and humid regions with temperatures ranging from 18 to 30℃. Nowadays, chilli peppers are cultivated all around the world under different climatic conditions, and their production is gradually expanding. Expected climate changes will likely cause huge and complex ecological consequences; high temperature, heavy rainfall, and drought have adverse effects on the vegetative and generative development of all agricultural crops including chilli peppers. To gain better insight into the effect of climate change, the growth, photosynthetic traits, morphological and physiological characteristics, yield, and fruit parameters of chilli peppers need to be studied under simulated climate change conditions. Moreover, it is important to develop alternative agrotechnologies to maintain the sustainability of pepper production. There are many conceivable ideas and concepts to sustain crop production under the extreme conditions of future climate change scenarios. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the adverse impacts of climate change and discusses how to find the best solutions to obtain a stable chilli pepper yield.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.23-32
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• 2015

Most studies on slope collapsed have focused on collapse cases that occur on stabilized slopes in public use. Few studies have been conducted on the collapse characteristics of slopes that occur during construction before stabilization of the slope. In this study, detailed investigation was conducted for 79 sites where slope collapse occurred during or immediately after construction in the Chungcheong region, and their geometrical characteristics, collapse characteristics, design and reinforcement methods were evaluated. As a result of this analysis, it was found that the Chungbuk (CB) area was marked by plane-type collapse and surface layer collapse whereas the Chungnam (CN) area was marked by surface layer collapse or loss of sedimentary rocks. Furthermore, the major collapse factors of the Chungbuk region were joint alternations (53%) and weathering (25%), and the blocking due to multidirectional joints and foliation was also an influencing factor. In the phyllite area, too, the development of joints (55%) was a major factor, but the geological characteristics (36%) of sedimentary rocks such as faults and coaly shale also had considerable effects. Therefore, the geological, climatic, and environment characteristics were found to have affected the stability of slopes.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.444-457
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• 2001

Present work aims to analyse the spatio-temporal distribution of Korean bamboos. The northern limit of Korean bamboo species occurs at Baekryung Island(124°10'E, 37°55'N), Hoochang(41°22'N) and Myungchon(129°41\`E, 41°10'N). The presence of bamboo fossils in Korea dates back from Tertiary, but widespread use of bamboos can be noticed since 1454. Reconstructed ranges and temporal changes of bamboo, based upon the eight historical records from 15th to 20th centuries, indicates that both climatic and anthropogenic factors were responsible for the changes of distributional range. The spread of bamboos was balanced by its disappearance due to regional development, and the total bamboo area showing little change. Due to the tendency to spread extensively by means of underground stems, bamboos often invade adjacent forests and disturb natural vegetation. Proper management and conservation strategies, therefore, are required for the maintenance of rural landscape.

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the charateristics of environmental factors and the species compositions of phytoplanktons and periphytons in order to analyze the marine ecosystem (DOK1-3) with freshwater (Mul) in the coast of Dokdo. Mean values of conductivity (TSD) (44.3 mS cm–1), total dissolved solids (30.9 mg L–1), salinity (31.8 psu), total suspended solids (39.2 mg L–1), and ash-free dry matter (AFDM) (8.8 mg L–1) were higher in DOK1- 3 than those in Mul (3.2 mS cm–1, 2.3 mg L–1, 1.9 psu, 2.8 mg L–1 and 2.8 mg L–1, espectively), while mean amounts of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) (7.5 μg P L–1) and soluble reactive silicon (SRS) (0.1 μg Si L–1) were significantly lower in DOK1-3 than those in Mul (117.3 μg P L–1 and 4,105 μg Si L–1, respectively). The phytoplanktons was a total of 59 species in Dokdo, which were composed of 1 species (1.7%) for Chrysophyceae, 43 species (72.9%) for Bacillariophyceae and 15 species (25.4%) for Dinophyceae. The biomass (Chl-a, phaeopigment and AFDM) of epilithic algae (ELA), epizooic algae (EZA) and epiphytic algae (EPA) were varied with the kinds of substrates (EPA > ELA > EZA) in the whole stations. Water environments was comparatively clean in the coast of Dokdo as comparing with those of the land. However, the monitoring of marine ecosystem in the Dokdo should be continued for species conservation according to the global warming by the climatic change.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2002

The effects of housing and nutrition on the performance of growing gilts of the Nepalese Pakhribas breed were investigated. A total of 36 pigs were allocated according to a factorial design with 3 levels of nutrition, provided to achieve a target growth rate of 200, 300 or 400 g/day, and two types of housing, traditional or improved. The growth rate and body composition were monitored during the growing period and subsequent pregnancy. There was a significantly higher growth rate (p<0.01), greater $P_2$ backfat thickness (p<0.01), and greater eye muscle depth (p<0.01) at service in pigs given the higher level of nutrition. Similarly, there was a significantly higher growth rate (p<0.05), and greater eye muscle depth (p<0.10) with improved housing but no significant difference in $P_2$ backfat thickness. The conception rate was 90% at first service, with no difference between treatments. Gilts from the high plane of rearing produced a mean litter size of one piglet greater than those on the low plane, but this was not significant with the limited numbers. However, both improved plane of nutrition and reduced climatic penalty by improving housing resulted in increased birthweight of piglets (p<0.05). It is concluded that improvement in housing can give benefits equivalent to at least a 7% improvement in efficiency of feed use under traditional Nepalese circumstances for pig rearing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.929-934
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• 2000

Optimum stand density of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varies with locations and climates. Stand density is one of the factors that determines herbage yield, forage quality and persistence of alfalfa. As establishment costs increase, the question arises whether present population densities are optimum for obtaining maximum herbage yield and forage quality. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the optimum plant density for highest herbage yield and forage quality for the dehydrated alfalfa industry under Edmontons climatic conditions in Alberta, Canada; 2) to compare herbage yield and forage quality of the cultivars 'Algonquin' and 'Vernal' grown at a range of stand densities. Alfalfa seedlings of both cultivars were either transplanted at spacings of 6, 10, 15 and 25 cm or direct seeded at the 4.5 cm plant spacings, providing population densities of 494, 278, 100, 45 and $16plants/m^2$. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split-plot arrangement having three replicates; the main plots consisted of two alfalfa cultivars Algonquin and Vernal, and the sub-plots were the five population densities. The cultivar Vernal had significantly higher annual yield than did the cultivar Algonquin. There was no significant effect of plant density on herbage yield. There was no difference in crude protein (CP) between the two cultivars. At the first cut, there was a significant quadratic effect of plant density on CP content and the greatest CP occurred at the 100 plants/m2 density. Crude protein was not affected by plant density at the second cut. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were not affected by plant density. The cultivar Algonquin usually had a lower ADF and NDF than cultivar Vernal. In conclusion, high population densities ($278plants/m^2$ or more) of alfalfa did not improve herbage yield and forage quality compared with low plant population densities ($100plants/m^2$ or less) of alfalfa.

• Atmosphere
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2017

It is imperative to understand the characteristics of atmospheric circulation patterns under the climate system due to its impact on climatic factors. Thus this study focused on analyzing the impact of the atmospheric circulation on the relationship between precipitation and temperature regionally. Here we used monthly gridded observational data (i.e., CRU-TS3.2, NOAA-20CR V2c) and HadGEM2-AO climate model by RCP8.5, for the period of 1960~1999 and 2060~2099. The experiment results indicated that the negative relationship was presented over East Asia and Europe during summer. On the other hand, at around Korea (i.e. EA1: $31^{\circ}N{\sim}38^{\circ}N$, $126^{\circ}E{\sim}140^{\circ}E$) and Northwestern Europe (i.e. EU1: $48^{\circ}N{\sim}55^{\circ}N$, $0^{\circ}E{\sim}16^{\circ}E$) in winter, strong positive relationship dominate due to warm moist advection come from ocean related to intensity variation of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), respectively. It was found that values of positive relation in EA1 and EU1 at the end of the 21st century is regionally greater than at the end of 20th century during winter since magnitude of variation of the EAWM and NAO is projected to be greater in the future as result of simulation with RCP 8.5. Future summer, the negative correlations are weakened in EA1 region while strengthened in EU1 region. For better understanding of correlations with respect to RCP scenarios, a further study is required.