• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2016

Nitrous oxide is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases and its concentration has increased from 273 ppb in 1,750 to 315 ppb in 2005. Specially, nitrogen fertilizer used in agricultural soils is considered as an important source of atmospheric $N_2O$ emission. This study was conducted to estimate the difference of nitrous oxide emission as chamber position on furrow and ridge and crop existence in gas sampling chamber on upland. Four treatments used in this experiment were (1) no-fertilizer without crop in chamber on ridge, (2) fertilizer application without crop in chamber on ridge, (3) fertilizer application with crop in chamber on ridge, (4) fertilizer application without crop in chamber on ridge and furrow. Nitrous oxide emission at fertilizer application with crop in chamber on ridge were the highest while were the lowest at no-fertilizer without crop in chamber on ridge. There was no significant difference of nitrous oxide emission by chamber position, but total emission by crop existence in chamber was significant difference. Therefore, in order to estimate greenhouse gases emission using chamber method in upland, it should be considered in correlation with crop existence in chamber and characteristic changes like as the soil moisture, microbial flora by crop growth stage.

• 대기
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.477-492
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• 2023

Based on the new climate normals (1991~2020), annual mean, maximum and minimum temperature is 12.5℃, 18.2℃, and 7.7℃, respectively while annual precipitation is 1,331.7 mm, the annual mean wind speed is 2.0 m s^-1, and the relative humidity is 67.8% in the Republic of Korea. Compared to 1981~2010 normal, annual mean temperature increased by 0.2℃, maximum and minimum temperatures increased by 0.3℃, while the amount of precipitation (0.7%) and relative humidity (1.1%) decreased. There was no distinct change in annual mean wind speed. The spatial range of the annual mean temperature in the new normals is large from 7.1 to 16.9℃. Annual precipitation showed a high regional variability, ranging from 787.3 to 2,030.0 mm. The annual mean relative humidity decreased at most weather stations due to the rise in temperature, and the annual mean wind speed did not show any distinct difference between the new and old normals. With the addition of a warmer decade (2011~2020), temperatures all increased consistently and in particular, the increase in the maximum temperature, which had not significantly changed in previous decades, was evident. The increasing trend of annual and summer precipitation by the 2010s has disappeared in the new normals. Among extreme climate indices, MxT30 (Daily maximum temperature ≥ 33℃ days), MnT25 (Daily minimum temperature ≥ 25℃ days), and PH30 (1 hour maximum precipitation ≥ 30 mm days) increased while MnT-10 (Daily minimum temperature < -10℃ days) and W13.9 (Daily maximum wind speed ≥ 13.9 m/s days) decreased at a statistically significant level. It is thought that a detailed study on the different trends of climate elements and extreme climate indices by region should be conducted in the future.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.368-375
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 농촌진흥청과 홍콩과학기술대학교의 공동 개발로 생산된 1개월 예측 자료의 오차를 분석하고, 통계적 보정 기법을 활용한 오차 개선 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2013년부터 2021년까지의 과거 예측(hindcast) 자료, 기상관측자료, 다양한 환경정보들을 수집하고 다양한 환경 조건에서의 오차 특성을 분석하였다. 최고기온과 최저기온의 경우, 해발고도와 위도가 높을 수록 예측 오차가 더 크게 나타났다. 평균적으로, 선형회귀모형과 XGBoost로 보정한 예측자료는 보정 전 예측자료보다 각각 0.203, 0.438(최고기온) 및 0.069, 0.390(최저기온) 정도의 RMSE가 감소했으며, 높은 고도와 위도에서의 오차 개선이 더 크게 나타났다. 모든 분석 조건에서 XGBoost가 선형회귀모형보다 우수한 오차 개선 효과를 나타냈다. 본 연구를 통해 예측 자료의 오차가 지형적 조건에 영향을 받는다는 사실을 확인하였고, XGBoost와 같은 기계학습법이 다양한 환경인자들을 고려하여 효과적으로 오차를 개선할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.32-32
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• 2023

Incidences of urban flood and extreme heat waves (due to the urban heat island effect) are expected to increase in New Zealand under future climate change (IPCC 2022; MfE 2020). Increasingly, the mitigation of such events will depend on the resilience of a range Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) used in Sustainable Urban Drainage Schemes (SUDS), or Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) (Jamei and Tapper 2019; Johnson et al 2021). Understanding the impact of changing precipitation and temperature regimes due climate change is therefore critical to the long-term resilience of such urban infrastructure and design. Cuthbert et al (2022) have assessed the trade-offs between the water retention and cooling benefits of different urban greening methods (such as WSUD) relative to global location and climate. Using the Budyko water-energy balance framework (Budyko 1974), they demonstrated that the potential for water infiltration and storage (thus flood mitigation) was greater where potential evaporation is high relative to precipitation. Similarly, they found that the potential for mitigation of drought conditions was greater in cooler environments. Subsequently, Jaramillo et al. (2022) have illustrated the locations worldwide that will deviate from their current Budyko curve characteristic under climate change scenarios, as the relationship between actual evapotranspiration (AET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) changes relative to precipitation. Using the above approach we assess the impact of future climate change on the urban water-energy balance in three contrasting New Zealand cities (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Invercargill). The variation in Budyko curve characteristics is then used to describe expected changes in water storage and cooling potential in each urban area as a result of climate change. The implications of the results are then considered with respect to existing WSUD guidelines according to both the current and future climate in each location. It was concluded that calculation of Budyko curve deviation due to climate change could be calculated for any location and land-use type combination in New Zealand and could therefore be used to advance the general understanding of climate change impacts. Moreover, the approach could be used to better define the concept of urban infrastructure resilience and contribute to a better understanding of Budyko curve dynamics under climate change (questions raised by Berghuijs et al 2020)). Whilst this knowledge will assist in implementation of national climate change adaptation (MfE, 2022; UNEP, 2022) and improve climate resilience in urban areas in New Zealand, the approach could be repeated for any global location for which present and future mean precipitation and temperature conditions are known.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2012

Of school buildings, university building requires various case analysis unlike buildings in the elementary, middle and high schools in accordance with its characteristic for variables such as characteristic of department, construction structure and material, the number of persons admitted and schedule. Through the case research on the 'D' university located in Daejeon, this study made a comparison on the monthly and yearly consumption of gas and electricity of the most recent 3 years and implemented analysis on the usage pattern and standby power of air conditioning and heating by the hour and month using PCCS(Power Consumption Consulting System) as respects electricity that is considered to have a possibility of energy-saving. The result of analysis showed that enormous amount of electric power was used during the night time for freeze protection and burst in winter season and standby power was increased in winter season as a result.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.277-297
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• 2016

본 연구는 기후변수들의 변동 특성이 한국 제조업의 총요소생산성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 대표적인 기후변수인 기온, 강수량, 습도는 노동효율성에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되므로 기온, 강수량, 습도의 변동특성이 한국 광역자치단체 제조업 총생산성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 최근 기후변화로 기후 변동성이 높아지는 현상을 고려하기 위해 기후변수들의 평균값뿐만 아니라 최고값을 고려하여 분석하였다. 선형회귀분석 결과 선행연구 결과와 달리 기온과 습도가 제조업 생산성에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 강수량의 평균적 증가는 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 패널자료를 분석한 결과에서는 기온, 강수량 모두 제조업 총생산에 유의미한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 평균 습도의 상승은 제조업 총생산을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 실내 작업이 많은 제조업의 경우 기후자체의 변화보다도 기업체들의 적응능력이 생산성 변화와 직접적인 관련이 있다. 한국 제조업의 경우 기온이나 습도의 변화가 급격하게 이루어지지 않고 있고, 냉난방 시스템 구축 등을 통해 기후변화에 잘 적응하고 있는 것으로 분석된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.830-840
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• 2011

Climate change has been settled as pending issues to consider water resources and environment all over the world, however, scientific and quantitative assessment methods of climate change have never been standardized. When South Korea headed toward water deficiency nation, the study is not only required analysis of atmospheric or hydrologic factors, but also demanded analysis of correlation with water quality environment factors to gain management policies about climate change. Therefore, this study explored appropriate monthly rainfall elasticity in chosen 41 unit watersheds in Nak-dong river which is the biggest river in Korea and applied monitored discharge data in 2004 to 2009 with monthly rainfall using Thiessen method. Each unit watershed drew elasticity between water temperature and water quality factors such as BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P. Moreover, this study performed non-linear correlation analysis with monitored discharge data. Based on results of analysis, this is first steps of climate change analysis using long-term monitoring to develop basic data by Nak-dong river Environmental Research Center (Ministry of Environment) and to draw quantitative results for reliable forecasting. Secondary, the results considered characteristic of air temperature and rainfall in each unit watershed so that the study has significance its various statistical applications. Finally, this study stands for developing comparable data through "The 4 major river restoration" project by Korea government before and after which cause water quality and water environment changes.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 포도의 생육과 관련된 연평균기온, 생육기 기온, 성숙기 기온, 극최저기온, 저온요구도, 강수량과 같은 기후인자와 심토토성, 침식정도, 배수 등급, 유효토심, 경사도, 자갈함량, 지형과 같은 토양 인자를 선정하여 기후와 토양의 조건을 최대저해인자법을 이용해 통합한 재배적지 구분 연구를 수행하였다. 재배적지는 적지, 가능지, 저위생산지&부적지의 3단계로 구분하였으며, 연구결과는 전국 면적을 기준으로 적지가 3.43%로 나타났고, 가능지는 10.61%로 나타났다. 지역별로 적지는 경상북도가 1.15%로 가장 넓은 것으로 나타났고, 충청남도가 0.72%와 충청북도가 0.44%로 나타났다. 가능지는 경상북도가 2.67%로 가장 넓었으며, 충청남도가 2.11%, 전라남도가 1.54%인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.259-272
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• 2022

Background: The Korean Peninsula exhibits a characteristic graded floral distribution, with northern (Manchurian flora) and southern (China-Japan-Korea flora) lineage species coexisting according to climatic and topographical characteristics. However, this distribution has been altered by climate change. To identify ecosystem changes caused by climate change and develop appropriate measures, the current ecological status of the entire Korean Peninsula should first be determined; however, analysis of the current floral distribution in North Korea has been hampered for political reasons. To overcome these limitations, this study constructed a database of floral distributions in both South and North Korea by integrating spatial information from the previously established National Ecological Survey in South Korea and geocoding data from the literature on biological distributions published in North Korea. It was then applied to analyze the current status and distribution characteristics of Manchurian and China-Japan-Korea plant species on the Korean Peninsula. Results: In total, 45,877 cases were included in the Manchurian and China-Japan-Korea floral distribution database. China-Japan-Korea species were densely distributed on Jeju-do and along the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula. The distribution density decreased as the latitude increased, and the distributions reached higher-latitude regions in the coastal areas compared with the inland regions. Manchurian species were distributed throughout North Korea, while they were densely distributed in the refugia formed in the high-elevation mountain regions and the Baekdudaegan in South Korea. In the current distribution of biomes classified according to the Whittaker method, subtropical and endemic species were densely distributed in temperate seasonal forest and woodland/shrubland biomes, whereas boreal species were densely distributed in the boreal forest biome Korean Peninsula, with a characteristic gradation of certain species distributed in the temperate seasonal forest biome. Factor analysis showed that temperature and latitude were the main factors influencing the distribution of flora on the Korean Peninsula. Conclusions: The findings reported herein on the current floral distribution trends across the entire Korean Peninsula will prove valuable got mitigating the ecological disturbances caused by ongoing climate change. Additionally, the gathered flora data will serve as a basis for various follow-up studies on climate change.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.115-127
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• 2009

최근 한반도에서는 이상기후 및 기후변화의 영향으로 인한 피해가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자료기간에 따른 확률강우량의 변화 특성에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석 대상 자료는 기상청에서 관할하고 있는 관측소 중에서 비교적 장기간의 자료를 보유하고 있는 14개 지점을 선정하였다. 선정된 지점에서 강우자료의 관측년수를 기준으로 5가지 경우로 구분하여 빈도해석을 실시하였다. 빈도해석 결과, 우리나라 대부분 지역에서 확률강우량이 뚜렷하게 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 관측된 강우량 자료와 확률강우량 자료를 이용한 변동성과 경향성 분석을 실시하였다. 통계적 분석 결과에서 강우자료는 변동성과 경향성이 거의 나타나지 않았으나, 확률강우량 자료에서는 변동성과 경향성이 다수 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 대부분의 지점에서 변동성 및 경향성에 의해 확률강우량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 확률강우량의 변화에 대한 수공구조물 등의 설계 및 기존의 홍수 방어능력에 대한 검토 필요성을 의미한다.