• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.5-26
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• 2018

Joseph S. Nye defined soft power as the power of attraction to affect the behavior of other states through the use of non-coercive instruments including culture, political values and foreign policy. Over the last two decades, environmental issues have grown in importance on the international agenda and become critical components of states' foreign policy-making. This paper aims to analyze environmental foreign policy as a soft power instrument focusing on two major rising powers: China and India. Traditionally, China and India had been reluctant to make any commitments in the field. However, they have shown greater willingness to act in global environmental governance in the past decade. They started playing more active roles in global climate change negotiations and supported a number of initiatives. Their current rise in global environmental governance has even been praised by the international community as the Paris agreement case demonstrated. This study evaluates China's and India's recent efforts in global environmental governance with a focus on climate change negotiations linking their constructive position to their soft power potential. It is argued that environmental issues are used by these two states as foreign policy strategy to gain more influence in international politics. This study finds out that China's climate-related environmental diplomacy has been more ambitious than that of India and thus has been closer to fulfill its potential as a soft power asset.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.181-195
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• 2018

On December 12, 2015, the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement, in which several developed and developing countries all committed to participating in the reduction of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. South Korea has submitted an intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) proposal with a target to cut down 37% greenhouse gas business as usual (BAU) until 2030 in preparation for the 2030 GHG BAU. Under the post-2020 regime, which will be launched from 2021 as the agreement entered into force early, it is expected that efforts to support GHG reduction and adaptation to climate change in developing countries will be accelerated with the utilization of technologies and financial resources of developed countries. South Korea has established the Basic Plan for Climate Change Response and the Basic National Roadmap for Greenhouse Gas Reductions by 2030 to promote the response to climate change at the government level. The Ministry of Science and ICT, as the National Designated Entity designated by the UNFCCC, has come up with middle and long-term strategies for climate technology cooperation. South-Korea has an abundance of energy-consuming industries to support its export-oriented industrial structure; it is thus expected that achieving the GHG reduction target will incur a considerable cost. Moreover, in order to meet the reduction target (11.3%) of the intended nationally determined contribution proposed by South Korea, it is necessary for South Korea to actively promote projects that can achieve GHG reduction achievements, and financial resources are needed as leverage to reduce risks that can occur in the early stages of projects and attract private sector investment. This paper summarizes the theoretical discussions on climate finance and conducted a comparative analysis on the status of the funds related to climate change response in the UK, Germany, Japan and Denmark. Through this, we proposed the legal and policy tasks that should be carried forward to raise public funds that can be used for creation of new industries related to climate change as well as to reduce GHG emissions in South Korea. The Climate Change Countermeasures Act, which has been proposed by the National Assembly of South-Korea, stipulates the establishment of funds but there is no additional funding except for general account. In this regard, it is also possible to take measures such as the introduction of carbon tax or the collection and use of royalties through technology research and development projects for climate change, such as Industrial Technology Innovation Promotion Act. In addition, since funds are used in various fields such as domestic greenhouse gas reduction, technology development, and overseas projects, it is necessary to establish a system in which various ministries cooperate with the operation of the fund.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2013

기후변화에 효율적으로 대응하기 위해서는 막대한 예산이 소요되는 적응대책에 대한 우선순위를 선정하고 이에 따라 시행하는 일이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 적응대책의 우선순위 평가 방법론을 분석해 현재 가용한 정보의 범위에서 기후변화의 특수성을 반영해 적용 가능한 우선순위 평가 방법론을 제안하는 것이다. 우선순위 결정을 위한 의사결정 방법론은 다기준 분석 등의 정성적 분석법과 비용편익 분석 등의 정량적 평가 방법론이 있다. 각 방법론별로 서로 장점과 단점이 있으며 필요 자료의 수준도 상이하다. 정책평가를 위한 지표는 정책의 효율성, 경제성, 정치성 등을 평가하는 많은 지표가 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 일반 정책평가 지표와 기후변화의 특수성을 고려해 기후변화 적응대책의 우선순위 평가 지표로 크게 기후변화 위험성, 정책성, 효율성을 선정하였다. 기후변화 위험성의 세부 지표로는 피해발생시점, 피해발생 가능성, 피해 강도가 포함되며, 효율성으로는 경제적 효율성, 부수효과, 파급효과로 대표될 수 있다. 정책성의 평가 지표는 형평성, 기존 정책과의 부합성, 민주성으로 구성된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2019

This study developed an evaluation system of adaptation countermeasures for climate change in the water resources sector using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the assessment procedures were applied to the Second Chungcheongnam-do Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan (Chungnam Implementation Plan). Firstly, the evaluation criteria are composed of two levels according to the hierarchical structure, and AHP gives priority to 4 evaluation criteria of the first level and 16 alternative indicators of the second level. Secondly, after the importance of the evaluation criteria or indicators has been determined, the significance of each measure was evaluated by applying it to the water-sector measures of the Chungnam Implementation Plan, and the effectiveness of the evaluation system was validated. The Chungnam case study shows that the evaluation system will be more effective and efficient when it is applied during development phase rather than after the implementation plan is finalized. It is also expected that the evaluation system will be used to evaluate and prioritize climate change adaptation policies in other regions, and then to compare the means of adaptation to climate change in various regions and to select recommendation policies.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.273-301
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• 2023

This study investigates the impacts of long-term climate variability on household consumption in Indonesia, a country highly vulnerable to climate change. The analysis combines household survey data from nearly 5,998 families with satellite-derived weather data from NASA POWER spanning 30 years. We use the long-term variability in temperature and precipitation as a proxy for climate change. This study examines the impact of climate change which proceeds over the long term, unlike previous studies concerning one-off or short-term climate events. In addition, using satellite data enhances the accuracy of households' exposure to climate variability. The analysis finds that households in a village with higher temperature and precipitation variability significantly consume less food. This implies that households more exposed to climate change are at higher risk of malnutrition in developing countries. This study has a limitation that it cannot rule out the potential endogeneity of choosing a climate-vulnerable residential location due to economic poorness.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.305-323
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• 2008

Climate change is one of the broadest and the most complex issues of international environmental cooperation. Concern about climate change has been steadily increasing and has become a worldwide issue. According to IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change)'s recently report, global warming has accelerated vest serious problems. GHG(Green House Gas) emissions trading schemes, including the Kyoto mechanism that spread to solving the problems. Based on the evaluation on GHG emissions trading schemes, we also find some policy implications on the future development of emissions trading the conventional air pollutants in Korea which start to 2007. The regulatory authority needs to make clear how to allocate allowances to new entrants and also to keep the balance between the opportunity costs of reduction between potential shutdown facilities and new entrants. Under the current rule that does not allow shutdown credits, an equivalent level of allowances needs to be allocated to new entrants free of charge. We believe our policy recommendations may be useful not only for Korea but also for a the other countries, since they are facing a similar policy environment as Korea, particularly in the case of climate change.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.528-542
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• 2013

이 글은 독일을 사례로 기후변화에 대응하여 국가 차원에서 추진하고 있는 에너지정책의 방향과 전략 그리고 수단 등을 고찰해 보고자 한다. 이 연구를 통해 밝혀질 독일의 기후변화에 대응한 에너지정책은 온실가스의 배출을 줄이고 에너지자원 위기를 극복하기 위해 노력하고 있는 우리나라의 에너지정책에도 적잖은 시사점을 제공할 것이다. 독일의 에너지정책은 기본적으로 에너지 경쟁력 확보, 에너지 공급의 안전성 보장, 친환경적 에너지 이용이라는 3대 정책기조를 확립하고 이를 달성하기 위해 2050년까지의 구체적인 지향 목표를 설정하고, 에너지 절감과 효율 증진과 재생에너지 이용 확대의 2대 중점 전략적 과제를 추진하고 있다. 이에 따라 에너지 관련 제도의 지속적인 개편 및 다양한 정책적 수단을 개발하여 시행하고 있다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.347-357
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• 2009

This study conducted a vulnerability assessment on Korea's physical infrastructure to provide base data for developing strategies to strengthen Korea's ability to adapt to climate change. The assessment was conducted by surveying professionals in the field of infrastructure and climate change science. A vulnerability assessment was carried out for seven climate change events: average temperature increases, sea level rise, typhoons and storm surges, floods and heavy rain, drought, severe cold, and heat waves. The survey asked respondents questions with respect to the consequences of each climate change event, the urgency of adaptation to climate change, and the scale of investment for adaptation to each climate change event. Thereafter, management priorities for infrastructure were devised and implications for policy development were suggested. The results showed that respondents expected the possibility of "typhoons and storm surges" and "floods and heavy rain" to be the most high. Respondents indicated that infrastructure related to water, transportation, and the built environment were more vulnerable to climate change. The most vulnerable facilities included river related facilities such as dams and riverbanks in the "water" category and seaports and roads in the "transport and communication" category. The results found were consistent with the history of natural disasters in Korea.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine effect of anxiety about climate change on life satisfaction and mediating effect of subjective health status between anxiety about climate change and life satisfaction among older persons. Methods: This study used data from Statistics Korea 2018 Social Survey and a total of 7,870 older persons aged 65 and over were selected for the analyses. Descriptive statistics was used to identify characteristics of study participants and correlation analysis was used to examine the associations among anxiety about climate change, subjective health status, and life satisfaction. Also, multiple regression analyses were performed to examine effect of anxiety about climate change on life satisfaction and mediating effect of subjective health status between anxiety about climate change and life satisfaction. Results: Study findings show that anxiety about climate change had significant effect on life satisfaction. A higher level of anxiety decreased the level of life satisfaction of the elderly. A higher level of anxiety about climate change also decreased the level of subjective health status. In addition, the effect of anxiety about climate change on life satisfaction was partially mediated by subjective health status. Conclusions: Findings of the study suggest that the needs of older population should be considered in designing policy and interventions on climate change.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.539-546
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 기후변화에 선도적으로 대처하고 있는 도시적 차원의 기후변화 대응사례를 연구하고 시사점을 도출하였다. 우리나라 창원시와 미국의 포틀랜드시를 선정하여 기후변화 대응계획을 대상으로 비교분석을 수행하였으며, 분석의 관점은 계획의 구성체계, 기후변화 대응의 방법, 정책의 이행의 측면에서 이루어졌다. 두 도시의 기후변화 대응사례를 분석 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 시사점을 발견하였다. 첫째, 목표부터 부문, 정책이나 사업 등에 이르기까지의 전체 구조와 추구하는 내용들이 보다 간단하고 명확해야 한다. 시민주도형으로 추진되는 정책들과 지자체부터 우선적으로 시행하는 사업을 확대할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 온실가스배출이 많은 부문들에 대해서는 집중적인 현황 및 원인분석 등을 토대로 보다 구체적이고 다양한 정책들을 마련할 필요가 있다. 적응대책의 수립 시 기후변화대응 취약지역과 부문에 대한 면밀한 준비계획을 세워야하며 이를 토대로 의료서비스와 재난관리를 위한 예산과 정책들을 마련할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 이행의 측면에서 정책의 보다 효율적인 진행을 위해서는 단기, 중기, 장기적인 목표와 계획체계를 수립하여야 하고 정책들의 이행여부를 지속적으로 관찰할 수 있는 평가체계를 구축할 필요가 있다.