• 대한약침학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2012

Objectives: Much evidence exists that herbs have effective immunomodulatory activities. Chrysanthemi Flos (CF) is effective in clearing heat, reducing inflammation, dropping blood pressure and treating headache and is used as a pharmaceutical raw material for an immune enhancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of Chrysanthemi Flos pharmacopuncture on nitric-oxide (NO) production in activating macrophages. Methods: After a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, was cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), immune-modulating abilities of CF were evaluated by using NO, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) production and phagocytic activity of macrophages. Results: CF enhanced the activities of macrophages by increasing the phagocytic activity and decreasing NO production. Especially, both LPS and CF, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, treatment could significantly reduce the NO production, but did not change the production of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that CF may be of immunomodulatory value, especially for adverse diseases due to increased NO production. It may have potential for use as immunoenhancing pharmacopuncture.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 유한요소해석 D/B를 기반으로 보간식을 산출하여 개활지 폭발현상에 의해 기둥에 작용하는 폭압이력을 예측하는 모델을 개발했다. D/B 구성을 위해 7종류 기둥 너비에 대해 총 70회의 유한요소해석을 수행했다. 제안하는 방법의 성능확인을 위해, 기존에 제시된 경험식 기반의 예측식과의 비교연구를 수행했다. 또한, D/B를 구성하는 point 외의 영역에서의 예측 정확도 확인을 위해 유한요소해석 결과와의 비교/검증 연구를 추가로 수행했다. 제안하는 방법은 기존의 경험식 기반 예측식에 비해 유한요소해석 결과와 유사한 결과를 산출함을 확인했다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2008

In traditional oriental medicine, Gentianae Radix has been used clinically for clearing away 'heat', removing dampness and purging fire in the liver and gall bladder. However, there has been a lack of studies regarding the effects of Gentianae Radix on the immunological activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Gentianae Radix on the regulatory effects of cytokines and nitric oxide(NO) for the immunological activities in Raw 264.7 cells. After the treatment of Gentianae Radix MeOH extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. The expression of COX-2 and iNOS was determined by immunoblot analysis, and the content of levels of cytokines in media was analyzed by ELISA kit. Results provided evidence that Gentianae Radix inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), $interleukin-l{\beta}$ $(IL-l{\beta})$ and IL-6, and the activation of phospholylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ ($p-I {\kappa}B{\alpha}$) in Raw 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These findings suggest that Gentianae Radix can make anti-inflammatory effect, which may playa role in adjunctive therapy.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.247-272
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• 2011

정기선사들간의 전략적 제휴는 10,000TEU가 넘는 선박의 투입과 발주로 물동량 확보 및 비용부담의 최소화와 대고객 서비스의 향상 및 이윤확보와 안정적인 경영을 위하여 점차 다양하고 활발하게 진행될 것이다. 그 동안 많은 선행연구들이 전략적 제휴의 성공요인이나 동기 또는 성공적인 제휴를 위한 파트너 선정 등에 대한 것이었다. 그러나 전략적 제휴의 70% 이상이 실패하고 있다. 전략적 제휴의 실패가 성공보다 많기 때문에, 전략적 제휴에 부정적인 영향을 주는 변수들을 측정하여, 변해가는 해운시장 환경에 적응해야 한다. 전략적 제휴에 부정적인 영향을 주는 요인들을 개선하기 위하여 파트너간 신뢰성 향상에 노력해야 하고, 계약의 애매한 문구를 제거하여 분쟁을 억제해야 한다. 또한 전략적 제휴를 이끌어가는 구성원의 만족이 증가하도록 하여 제휴가 성공적이 되도록 하고, 제휴 파트너들의 외부관계로 발생하는 제휴의 복잡성을 최소화 시켜야 제휴를 성공적으로 이끌 수 있다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.721-727
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• 2007

Scorpion (SCP) has been clinically used for the treatment of endogenous wind to relieve convulsion, clearing away toxins, resolving hard masses and removing obstruction in the collaterals to relieve pain. Recent studies showed that scorpion toxins that affect the activating mechanism of sodium channels and indian black scorpion venom induced anti-proliferative and apoptogenic activity against human leukemic cell lines U937 and K562. There is lack of studies regarding the effects of SCP on the immunological activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SCP on the regulatory effects of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) for the immunological activities in Raw 264.7 cells. After the treatment of SCP MeOH extract dissolved in media for 1 h prior to the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 1 ${\mu}$g/ml), cell viability was measured by MTT assay, NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was determined by immunoblot analysis, and levels of cytokine were analyzed by sandwich immunoassays. As results, SCP inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate (0.3 and 1.0 mg/ml), iNOS and p-$I_KB_{\alpha}$ protein, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (0.3 and 1.0 mg/ml), interleukin-1${\beta}$ (0.3 and 1.0 mg/ml) and interleukin-6 (1.0mg/ml) in Raw 264.7 cells activated with LPS. These findings suggest that SCP can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may play a role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1978

Elder berry는 요즈음 미국(美國)에서 기업적(企業的)으로 재배(栽培)가 되고 있다. 이들 열매는 주(主)로 천연색소(天然色素) Jelles, Jam, 과실주(果實酒), 음료(飮料) pie mixes 등에 쓰여지고 있으며 자원식물(資源植物)이므로 재배면적(栽培面積)이 확대일로(擴大一路)에 있다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 생과(生果)를 채취(採取)하여 과즙(果汁)을 추출(抽出)한 뒤 청징액제법(淸澄液製法), 가당제법(加糖製法), 직공농축법(直空濃縮法), powder의 특성(特性) 및 안정성(安定性) 검정(檢定)등 등의 실험을 통하여 다음과 같은 천연식용색소개발(天然食用色素開發)의 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. Pectinase는 $35{\sim}45^{\circ}C$에서 청징효과(淸澄効果)가 컸다. 2. 청징액(淸澄液)의 저장(貯藏)은 P.V.C통을 이용하는 것이 좋고 적자색(赤紫色)의 원액(原額)에 변색(變色)이 없었다. 3. Stainless Steel drum에 저장(貯藏)된 Juice는 자색(姿色)으로 변화(變化)된다. 4. Juice에 설당(雪糖)을 20~40% 가당(加糖)하여 P.V.C통에 저장하는 것이 Home Juice나 Home wine용(用)으로 활용성(活用性)이 기대 되었다. 5. Vaccum Concentration하여 저장(貯藏)한 것은 흑갈색(黑褐色)으로 변화(變化)한다. 6. 분말상(粉末狀) 천연색소(天然色素)를 만들 수 있고 조해성(潮解性)이 있으며 직공(直空)포장하면 효과적(効果的)이다. 7. Powder인 Anthocyanosid는 다음과 같은 특성(特性)이 있다. 1) Fresh Juice의 흡광도(吸光度)는 파장(波長) $523m{\mu}{\sim}530m{\mu}$사이에 있다. 2) 색조(色調)는 $PH_4$ 이하(以下)에서 안정(安定)하다. 3) 열안정성(熱安定性)에 있어서도 $pH_4$ 이하(以下)에서 안정(安定)하고 $pH_4$ 이상(以上)에서는 갈변(褐變)한다. 4) 내광성(耐光性)은 $pH_4$ 이하(以下)에서 안정(安定)하다. 5) pH의 안정성(安定性)은 $pH_3$에 가장 알맞다. 8. 금후(今後) Used prospects는 천연(天然) 적자색(赤紫色)의 색소(色素)로서 음료수(飮料水), 광과류(光菓類), Candy, Wine, Gum, Jam, Jelly, 등의 제조(製造)에 크게 기대 된다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune disease invading the skin, joint, kidney, intestinal membrane, neurosystem and other organs. SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation resulting in the production of antinuclear antibodies(ANA), generation of circulating immune complexes, and activation of the complement system. In Korean medicine, lupus can be classified as acute arthritis, reddish butterfly erythema, asthenic disease, edema and so on. The cause and procedure of the diseases are flourishing noxious heat, excessive fire due to deficiency of yin, blood stasis due to stagnation of qi, internal movement of the liver-wind, congenital deficiency, exhausted vital-qi, which are treated by clearing away heat and cooling the blood, nourshing yin and extinguishing fire, treating flatulence and activating blood circulation, nourishing the blood to expel wind, invigorating the liver and kidney, invigorating qi and replenishing the blood. To experimentally examine the influence of Insam-Buja-Tang (Ginseng & Aconiti Extract, IBT) on the outbreak and development of lupus, lupus induce MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice model was used. As IBT was orally administrated to a lupus model mouse, various tests such as the weight, urine protein, renal function, Lymph cell test of the spleen, Cytokine expression, histopathological analysis of kideny were performed to see the influence on the kidney and whether it work effectively on the immune function. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of IBT on MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice model. The effect of IBT on MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice that can have autoimmune disease similar to SLE in human was evaluated after IBT per oral in the present study.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of denture care skills education program on denture self-care, denture satisfaction and subjective oral status among the elderly. Methods: The research design for this study was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. Total 61 elderly who visited a seniors center, Seoul, Korea, participated in this study. Participants were 31 elderly for the experimental group and 30 elderly for the control group. The experimental group received a lesson in denture care skills education program which was developed by the researchers. Using a structural questionnaire, the elderly's perception about denture self-care, denture satisfaction and subjective oral status were measured before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square test, and ANCOVA test were performed using SPSS WIN 21.0. Results: The experimental group showed significantly higher scores in denture satisfaction(p<.001), QOL of oral health(<.001), concern for oral health(p=.005), subjective oral health status(p<.001), bad breath(p=.010), oral dryness(p<.001) and number of denture clearing(p<.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that the denture care skills education program for elderly at a senior center was effective. Further work is required to develop more effective denture care skills education programs and an oral health promotion program to improve the health status of the elderly.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.115-127
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• 1998

Laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR) is one firm of the gastroesophageal reflux diseases(GERD). It is known to cause various kinds of otolaryngologic symptoms such as hoarseness, foreign body sensation in throat, chronic throat clearing, chronic cough, etc. Disease entities diagnosed by otolaryngologists as posterior laryngitis, globus pharyngeus should be suspected as LPR-related diseases. In this multi-center trial, we tried to evaluate the effect of cisapride(10mg tid) on LPR-related symptoms as the part I study(CIS-KOR-051) in 19 centers, and as the part II study(CIS-KOR-052) comparative evaluation of effect between cisapride(10mg tid) and ranitidine(150mg bid) on LPR-related symptoms in 4 centers. In part I study, efficacy of cisapride on LPR-related symptoms after 4 weeks was 53.5% and that of after 8weeks was 77.9% in per protocol(PPA) analysis group. In part II study, efficacy of the cisapride was much better than that of ranitidine not only from 8 weeks trial(p<0.001) but also from 4 weeks trial(p<0.021) in PPA group. In the multiple logistic regression analysis among the parameters which affect the efficacy of the treatment, cisapride prescribed group showed 10 times greater than that of ranitidine prescribed group(p<0.0001, Odds ratio : 10) in PPA group. LPR was proved by 24Hr double probe pHmetry in 13 patients out of 19 patients tested(68.4%). Thus these results indicated that inducing the improvement of motility functions could affect the amelioration of the LPR-related symptoms much better than reducing acid secretion from the stomach. And maybe it suggests that LPR-related symptoms mainly developed by the reduced motility functions of the esophagus and/or delayed gastric emptying.

• 동의생리학회지
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• 제14권2호통권20호
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• pp.23-41
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• 1999

The disease of cholelith is common world widely. As life expectancy gets extended and life environment and dietary life change, increased to gallstone in Korea. On the case that elimination surgery is inapplicable and for the aged patients. recently the dissolution therapy of cholelith is studied world widely. From the view of oriental medicine, the causes of gallstone, treatment methods and the effects of therapy are as follows ; 1. The attack of gallstone is by the stagnation and disturbance of qi in the body. 2. The causes of gallstone are classified into three types. 1).The type of stagnation of qi. 2).The type of damp-heat. 3).The type of noxious heat. 3. The treatment effect is high in the damp-heat type. 4. Medical treatment of gallstone, considering the function of the intestines, are lithodialysis and removol of gallstone, soothing the liver and regulating the cerculation of qi, clearing away heat and elininating dampness. 5. The dissolution therapy of gallstone effected to the size within the diameter of 1.5cm 6. Through the oriental medicine therapy, besides excretion and dissolution of gallstone, the interval extention and elimination of spasm, the prevention of relapse and aftere effect are to be expected. The study which can improve the treatment rate of cholelith through the combination therapy of oriental and western is needed and deep study on oriental medicine diagnostic and classification according to the observation based on symptoms is necessary.