• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.482-490
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• 2014

Gaseous sulfur compound such as $H_2S$ or COS in coal- or biomass-derived hot syngas can be purified by solid sorbents at high temperatures. In this study, we investigated the physical properties and reactivity of solid regenerable desulfurization sorbents with 37.2, 41.9, and 46.5wt% ZnO to look into the ZnO content effect. The sorbents were produced by spray-drying method to apply to a fluidized-bed process. Sulfidation and regeneration reaction were carried out using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Sorbent prepared with 46.5wt% ZnO had physical properties suitable for a fluidized-bed process applications such as spherical shape, sufficient mechanical strength and density, high porosity and surface area. It showed high sulfur sorption capacity of 10.4wt% (ZnO utilization of 57%) at reaction temperatures of 500 and $650^{\circ}C$ for sulfidation and regeneration, respectively. However, the sulfur sorption capacity and ZnO utilization were significantly reduced and dimple shape appeared when the ZnO content decreased to 37.2 and 41.9wt%. Sulfur sorption capacity and regenerability were improved as reaction temperature increased within the experimental temperatures used in this work. The reaction temperature zones of $1500{\sim}550^{\circ}C$ and $650{\sim}700^{\circ}C$ are recommended for sulfidation and regeneration, respectively, to lead best reaction performances of the ZnO-based spray-dried sorbents developed in this work.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess exposure to VOCs and PAHs and the health effects on volunteers who participated in an oil spill cleanup in Yeosu. Methods: Atmospheric VOCs were evaluated in the vicinity of the accident site and questionnaire surveys were conducted to identify personal characteristics and acute health symptoms of clean-up workers seven days after the accident. The levels of metabolites of VOCs (t,t-MA, HA, PGA, MA, MHA) and PAHs (2-NAP, 1-OHP, 2-HF, 1-HPH), oxidative stress markers (TABARS, 8-OHdG) in the urine of workers were analyzed. Their correlation was determined by multiple regression analysis with SAS ver. 9.4. Results: Although the concentration of atmospheric VOCs in the residential areas were low at the time of survey, the levels of VOCs and PAHs metabolites in clean-up workers were higher than those in the control group after clean-up activities. The levels of urinary VOC and PAH metabolites were significantly increased after clean-up compared to those measured before participation. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were also increased and showed significant correlations with those of metabolites of benzene. Conclusion: This study shows that oil spill clean-up activities affect exposure to VOCs and PAHs and the health of clean-up workers. The results suggest the need for check-ups of participants in oil spill cleaning work.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2010

Objectives: On December 7, 2007, the Hebei Spirit oil tanker spilled out 12,547 kl of crude oil on the Yellow Sea 10 km away from the cost of Taean Province, Korea. As the coastline has been contaminated, local residents have been exposed to crude oil. Because the residents were showing many symptoms, we investigated the acute health effects of this oil spill on them. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of the heavy and moderately oil soaked area in Taean and the lightly oil soaked area in Seocheon. Ten seashore villages were selected from each area, and 10 male and female adults were selected from each village. We interviewed the subjects using a structured questionnaire on the characteristics of residents, the cleanup activities, the perception of oil hazard, depression and anxiety, and the physical symptoms. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The logistic regression model was adjusted for age, gender, education, smoking, the perception of oil hazard and anxiousness. Results: The more highly contaminated the area, the more likely it was for residents to be engaged in cleanup activities and have a greater chance of exposure to oil. The indexes of anxiety and depression were higher in the heavy and moderately oil soaked areas. The increased risks of headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, tingling of limb, hot flushing, sore throat, cough, runny nose, shortness of breath, itchy skin, rash, and sore eyes were significant. Conclusions: The results suggest that exposure to crude oil is associated with various acute physical symptoms. Long-term investigation is required to monitor the residents' health.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.632-638
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• 2006

최근에 오염된 토양을 정화하기 위해서 다양한 방법들이 사용되고 있으나 이들 대부분은 이미 오염된 토양에 대한 정화기술로서 많은 비용이 수반되는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이들 방법과는 달리 잠재적인 토양오염지역에서 오염되기 전이나 혹은 진행 중일 때 지형학적인 특징, 지표 위나 아래의 배수시스템의 재배열 및 선행계획을 통해 토양자체의 정화능력을 이용하는 새로운 정화방법을 고찰하였다. 즉, 토양자체 정화과정이 왜, 어떻게 발전되는가에 대해 단계적으로 규명하였다. 해안지역에서 오염된 바닷물의 침투와 거주지역에서 유해 라돈가스($^{222}Rn$)의 조절 및 제거 등 두 가지 사례를 통해 흙의 자체정화 능력을 이용한 토양정화방법의 효율성을 평가하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1996년도 경북지부 결성 및 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.39-49
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• 1996

Hundreds of contaminated sites have been generated due to the past mismagement of toxic substances, the lack of adequate environmental controls and ignorance of the potential environmental impacts of general activities in Canada. The general public, industry and governments have been addressing the contaminated sites with a number of cleanup responses. Environmental protection and remediation have become top priorities for the public and private sectors alike in Canada. Between the late 1980s and the early 1990s, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act and Canada's Green Plan were followed by provincial and territorial laws and policies to regulate contaminated sites. The National Contaminated Site Remediation Program(NCSRP) was initiated in 1989. It has been administered through bilateral agreements between the federal and participating provincial/territorial governments. They have committed a total of $250 million toward orphan site cleanup and technology development/demonstration over a five year period. The federal government has committed an additional $25 million to assess contaminated sites on federal crown land. Over 40 orphan high-risk contaminated sites, over 230 federal sites and over 35 technology development/demonstration projects have been addressed. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment has developed a series of guidance documents to ensure a consistent and successful implementation of the Program. The management/regulation scheme of contaminated sites generally consists of： 1) identifying and investigating sites, 2) determining site contamination, 3) recognizing responsibility and liability, 4) assessing priority for remediation, 5) activation, evaluation and implementing remediation options, and 6) documenting remediation completion. The NCSRP supported the successful development/demonstration of a wide range of innovative remedial technologies. They are related to stabilization/solidification, thermal washing/flushing, advanced oxidation, sonics, and groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbons, PAHS, PCBs, heavy metals, and other hazardous pollutants in a variety of site environments.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2011

The misuse of anabolic androgenic steroids is of particular concern in sports and society. Thus, it is of great importance to discriminate endogenous steroids such as testosterone or testosterone prohormones from their chemically identical synthetic copies. In this study, gas chromatography-combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometric (GC-C/IRMS) method has been developed and validated for discriminating the origin of anabolic androgenic steroids. The method involves the solid-phase extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis with ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, HPLC-fractionation for the cleanup and analysis by GC-C/IRMS. The difference(${\Delta}^{13}C$) of urinary ${\delta}^{13}C$ values between synthetic analogues and endogenous reference compounds (ERC) by GC-C/IRMS was used to elucidate the origin of steroids, and intra- and inter-day precision, specificity and isotope fractionation were evaluated. The present GC-C/IRMS method combined with HPLC cleanup was accurate and reproducible enough to be successfully applied to the test of urine sample from suspected anabolic steroid abusers.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.75.1-75.1
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• 2011

Coal gasification is considered as one of the most prospective technologies in energy field since it can be utilized for various products such as electricity, SNG (Synthetic Natural Gas or Substitute Natural Gas) and other chemical products. Among those products from coal gasification, SNG is emerging as a very lucrative product due to the rising prices of oil and natural gas, especially in Asian countries. The process of SNG production is very similar to the conventional IGCC in that the overall process is highly dependent on the type of gasifier and coal rank. However, there are some differences between SNG production and IGCC, which is that SNG plant requires higher oxygen purity from oxygen plant and more complex gas cleanup processes including water-gas shift reaction and methanation. Water-gas shift reaction is one of the main process in SNG plant because it is a starting point for the latter gas cleanup processes. For the methanation process, syngas is required to have a composition of $H_2$/CO = 3. This study reviewed various considerations for water-gas shift process in a conceptual design on an early stage like a feasibility study for a real project. The factors that affect the design parameters of water-gas shift reaction include the coal properties, the type of gasifier, the overall thermal efficiency of the plant and so on. Water-gas shift reaction is a relatively proven technology compared to the other processes in SNG plant so that it can reduce technological variability when designing a SNG project.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 1992

HPLC로 11종의 티오카바메이트들의 다성분 동시분석법을 연구하였다. 배추시료에 넣은 티오카바메이트는 추출, 분배, 세척, 및 분리-검출이 단계로 분석되는데, 추출용매로서는 아세톤을 선택하였고, 분배용매로서는 50% 염화메틸렌/석유에테르 혼합용매가 좋은 회수율을 보였다. 분배효율은 물층의 pH 영향을 받는데 산성 혹은 중성에서는 영향이 없으나 염기성에서는 감소하였다. 세척단계에서 공추출물의 제거효율은 응고액 처리법 보다는 컬럼 크로마토그래피법이 우수하였다. 흡착제로는 활성탄/마그네시마/셀라이트 1/2/4)의 흡착제가 좋은 효율을 보였으며, 클로로필드 효과적으로 제거되었다. 이 방법으로 배추에 있는 2ppm정도의 티오카바메이트의 동시 분석의 결과는 평균회수율이 91%, 상대표준편차가 약 8%, 검출한계가 2.2${\sim}$9.3ng이었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2019

Clean soil environment is of crucial importance to sustain lives of ecosystem and humans. With rapid industrialization, there has been a great increase of soil contamination by accidental releases of petroleum products. In general, soil remediation is an expensive and time-consuming process as compared to cleanup of water and air. Moreover, determining the source and responsible parties of soil pollution often turns into legal conflicts and that further delay the cleanup process of contaminated sites. In practice, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis has been employed to determine the petroleum species and to track down the responsible polluters. However, this approach often suffers from differentiating similar TPH species. In this study, we analyzed TPH chromatogram patterns of 24 domestic petroleum products in specific carbon ranges (${\sim}C_{10}$, $C_{10}-C_{12}$, $C_{12}-C_{36}$, and $C_{36}{\sim}$) and the fractional changes of THP ratio in the mixture products of gasoline, kerosene and diesel. The proposed TPH analysis method in this study could serve as a useful tool to better analyze the petroleum species in soils contaminated with complex oil mixtures, and ultimately be used to identify the polluters of soil.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 해양에서 진행되는 개발사업으로 인하여 해양환경에 미치는 영향을 효율적으로 판단할 수 있는 평가지수들을 비교·검토하였다. 해양수질 분야에는 수질평가지수(WQI), 해양저질 분야에는 유해화학물질 정화지수(CIHC), 부영양화 정화지수(CIET), 농축계수(EF), 해양저서생물 분야에는 저서건강도지수(BHI), 저서오염지수(BPI)를 선정하였다. 개발사업에서 관측된 자료를 각각의 평가지수에 적용하여 평가지수의 특성 및 효용성을 파악하였다. 수질평가지수, 유해화학물질 정화지수, 저서건강도지수가 평가방법 및 평가기준이 명확히 정의되어 있으며, 통합적인 환경영향 분석이 가능하였다. 동 연구에서 제시된 지수이외에도 해양환경을 평가하는 다양한 지수가 있으며, 사업별 특성에 따라 적합한 지수를 활용하는 것도 중요하다.