• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.264-274
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• 2019

This study attempted to analyze the effects of cleansing oil on skin by preferred vegetable base oil. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against 100 people, and their face washing habit and preferred vegetable base oils were examined. Based on the results, 4 different cleansing oils were prepared and experimented. The experiment was conducted against 10 adult women in their 20-30s, and moisture level, sebum level and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) before and after the experiment were measured. After the test, satisfaction was measured, and the results found the followings: When asked what cleansing oil is most preferred by vegetable base oil type, 'rose hip oil' was the highest, followed by 'olive oil', 'apricot kernel oil' and 'camellia oil'. According to the clinical trials, both moisture and sebum levels increased before and after cleansing in all four cleansing oil types by the preferred vegetable base oil (p<0.001, p<0.001). In addition, TEWL decreased with a difference by base oil (p<0.01). According to a subjective satisfaction survey which was performed after the experiment, rose hip oil-contained cleansing oil (RHC) was the highest in terms of cleansing effect and satisfaction level. Consequently, it was confirmed that the cleansing oil by vegetable base oil improved skin conditions by protecting a skin barrier with a positive effect on the improvement of sebum and moisture levels and TEWL. Even though a preferred oil type and a satisfaction level may differ by preferred oil and feeling after use, cleansing oil by vegetable base can be helpful as a skin care product which eases skin dryness and protects a skin barrier.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2007

To develop cleansing tissue composed of silicone multiple emulsions which could easily remove make-up residues and confer skin protecting effect without damaging skin, we formulated various silicone multiple emulsions and evaluated the physicochemical properties including viscosity, cleansing effect, and safety effect. Also, cleansing tissue incorporated with silicone multiple (W/Si/W) emulsion was stored for 6 months, and judged its stability through microscopes under accelerated and long-term condition. Cleansing effect was evaluated by chromameter. Skin hydration effect was determined by corneometer and incorporation effect into non-woven fabric cotton was evaluated by volunteer survey. Low viscosity ranged from 400 centipoise (cP) to 1,000 cP was obtained from a stabilized W/Si/W emulsion containing more than 10% volatile silicone. Mean diameter of fresh W/Si/W emulsion was $20{\mu}m$, but after storage for 3 months at $45^{\circ}C$, the particle size of the W/Si/W emulsion increased up to $50{\mu}m$. Both W/Si/W emulsion-incorporated cleansing tissue and commercial product showed equally good cleansing effect. In addition, skin allergies such as erythema, edema, scaling itching, stinging, burning, tightness and prickling were not observed through macroscopic examination. From the transepidermal water loss results, the cleansing tissue consisting of W/Si/W emulsion showed superior hydration effect to commercial product. In conclusion, this study suggests cleansing tissue using W/Si/W emulsion could be used for an excellent efficacy compared with commercialized cleansing tissue.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.593-599
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• 2014

Objectives : Latex gloves hygiene is the most effective method to prevent infection of microorganisms and to reduce the incidence of cross infections. The aim of this study was to compare the bacteria reduction ratio of cleansing with water, liquid soap and alcohol gauze. Methods : The left side glove was the control group and the right side was the experimental group. The experimental group washed hand with water, soap, and alcohol gauze. The hand plate was inoculated by the hand and inoculated for 24 hours in $35^{\circ}C$. Results : Washing with water showed that CFU of control group was 1116.9 and that of experimental group was 302.8. Hand washing by water reduced 74.3% of bacteria. Liquid soap revealed that CFU of control group was 619.9 and that of experimental group was 8.3. Hand washing by liquid soap reduced 97.5% of bacteria. Alcohol gauze included 875.2 CFU in control group and 5.8 CFU in experimental group. Washing by alcohol gauze reduced 99.5% of bacteria. Conclusions : Based on the results, the most effective latex gloves cleansing method was recommended as the standardized hand washing with the liquid hand soap and alcohol gauze. The results can be used to improve training strategies for enhancing glove hygiene practice in dental clinic.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 2012

PURPOSE. To evaluate the shear bond strength of resin luting agent to dentin surfaces cleansed with different agents like pumice, ultrasonic scaler with chlorhexidine gluconate, EDTA and the influence of these cleansing methods on wetting properties of the dentin by Axisymmetric drop Shape Analysis - Contact Diameter technique (ADSA-CD). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty coronal portions of human third molar were prepared until dentin was exposed. Specimens were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Provisional restorations made with autopolymerizing resin were luted to dentin surface with zinc oxide eugenol in Group A and with freegenol cement in Group B. All specimens were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hrs and provisional cements were mechanically removed with explorer and rinsed with water and cleansed using various methods (Control-air-water spray, Pumice prophylaxis, Ultrasonic scaler with 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 17% EDTA). Contact angle measurements were performed to assess wettability of various cleansing agents using the ADSA-CD technique. Bond strength of a resin luting agent bonded to the cleansed surface was assessed using Instron testing machine and the mode of failure noted. SEM was done to assess the surface cleanliness. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey HSD tests (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Specimens treated with EDTA showed the highest shear bond strength and the lowest contact angle for both groups. SEM showed that EDTA was the most effective solution to remove the smear layer. Also, mode of failure seen was predominantly cohesive for both EDTA and pumice prophylaxis. CONCLUSION. EDTA was the most effective dentin cleansing agent among the compared groups.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.242-247
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• 2018

The data of K-Water waterworks is collected from various sensors and used as basic data for the operation and analysis of various devices. In this way, the importance of the sensor data is very high, but it contains misleading data due to the characteristics of the sensor in the external environment. However, the cleansing method for the missing data is concentrated on the prediction of the missing data, so the research on the detection and prediction method of the missing data is poor. This is a study to detect wrong data by converting collected data into quintiles and patterning them. It is confirmed that the accuracy of detecting false data intentionally generated from real data is higher than that of the conventional method in all cases. Future research we will prove the proposed system's efficiency and accuracy in various environments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2020

When domestic sewage and rainwater runoff are discharged into a single sewer pipe, it is called a "combined sewer system." The sewage design standards in Korea specify the flow velocity based only on the volume of rainfall; therefore, sedimentation occurs on non-rainy days owing to the reduced flow rate and velocity. This sedimentation reduces the discharge capacity, causes unpleasant odors, and exacerbates the problem of combined sewer overflow concentration. To address this problem, the amount of sewage on non-rainy days, not just the volume of rainfall, should also be considered. There are various theories on sedimentation in sewer movement. This study introduces a self-cleansing velocity based on tractive force theory. By applying a self-cleansing velocity equivalent to the critical shear stress of a sand particle, sedimentation can be reduced on non-rainy days. The amount of sewage changes according to the water use pattern of citizens. The design hourly maximum wastewater flow was considered as a representative value, and the velocity of this flow should be more than the self-cleansing velocity. This design method requires a steeper gradient than existing design criteria. Therefore, the existing sewer pipelines need to be improved and repaired accordingly. In this study, five types of improvement and repair methods that can maximize the use of existing pipelines and minimize the depth of excavation are proposed. The key technologies utilized are trenchless sewer rehabilitation and complex cross-section pipes. Trenchless sewer rehabilitation is a popular sewage repair method. However, it is complex because the cross-section pipes do not have a universal design and require continuous research and development. In an old metropolis with a combined sewer system, it is difficult to carry out excavation work; hence, the methods presented in this study may be useful in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3269-3273
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• 2009

In this study, recycling methods of nano $TiO_2$-coated silica-bead were conducted in order to solve a deactivation problem of bead that had been invented for decomposition of pollutants in aqueous solution. Surface cleansing was selected as the recycling method for used beads. The surface cleansing was done with four different solutions such as distilled water, surfactant, acetone, and ethyl alcohol(ethanol). The recycling process consists of cleansing and calcination. After cleaning the used (deactivated) beads, calcination was done at $100^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$ and $300^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes, respectively. This process was repeated three times. The activity of the recycled bead was measured by photo-degradation of methylene blue. The result shows that acetone cleansing and calcination at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes was the most efficient recycling method.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.146-149
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.501-503
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• 2017

In the water sector, various data such as flow rate, pressure, water quality and water level are collected during the whole process of water purification plant and piping system. The collected data is stored in each water treatment plant's DB, and the collected data are combined in the regional DB and finally stored in the database server of the head office of the Korea Water Resources Corporation. Various abnormal data can be generated when a measuring instrument measures data or data is communicated over various processes, and it can be classified into missing data and wrong data. The cause of each abnormal data is different. Therefore, there is a difference in the method of detecting the wrong side and the missing side data, but the method of cleansing the data is the same. In this study, a program that can automatically refine missing or wrong data by applying deep learning LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) algorithm will be studied.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.458-459
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• 2003

Turn concept into reality, with a contemporary liquid rheology modifier and open the door to a new level of freedom in surfactant-based formulating, Carbopol$^{(R)}$ Aqua SF-1 polymer is an alkali swellable, lightly crosslinked acrylic polymer, It is supplied as a 30％ active polymer in water.(omitted)d)