• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.814-820
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the effects of standardized peristomal skin care (SPSC) and crusting technique (CT) on the peristomal skin of ostomates. SPSC was developed by a consensus among the expert group based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and hospital protocols. Methods: A randomized controlled pilot trial with 2 parallel arms was used. A total of 81 ostomates, who were recruited from a tertiary hospital, completed the baseline, 1-month, 2-month, and 3-month follow-up (SPSC group, n=45; CT group, n=36). SPSC consisted of water cleansing and direct application of ostomy appliances. CT involved crusting hydrocolloid powder and patting with water sponge or protective barrier liquid film. The outcomes of the study were assessed by skin problems, such as discoloration, erosion and tissue overgrowth; the domains of the evaluation tool used in examining the peristomal skin. A generalized estimating equation model was used to examine the effects according to time and group. Results: In both SPSC and CT groups, the likelihood of occurrence of discoloration (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.61-2.46), erosion (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.55-2.25) and tissue enlargement (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.36-2.77) increased with time. There was no significant difference in discoloration between the groups, whereas the probability of erosion (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16-0.89) and tissue overgrowth (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02-0.55) was lower in the SPSC group than in CT group. Conclusion: SPSC was sufficient in preventing peristomal skin problems of ostomates compared to the CT.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.225-233
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• 1994

The restorations of the severely damaged teeth by post core have been increased with the developement of endodontic procedures. But high failure rates of these procedures being reported, various restorative modifications were induced for successful treatments. Cast post-core and prefabricated post with core buildups are choice of treatment. The main causes of failure of the restorations are the fracture of post and core, root fracture, and recurrent caries due to microleakage. Recently, the acid etching technique and the use of dentin bonding agent at tooth surface to reduce the possible microleakage at the tooth-restoration interfaces were introduced. The object of this study was to measure and compare the microleakage by the types and cementation methods of post-core. For this study, forty extracted human anterior teeth were selected for specimen. After cleansing and routine endodontic procedures, anatomic crowns of each specimen were removed at the level of 2mm above the cementoenamel junction. Canals were preparated for post insertion and specimens were divided into four groups randomly. Post-cores were fabricated according to method for each group. Microleakage was measured by length of dye penetration at the tooth-restoration interfaces with measuring microscope at 50 magnification. Oneway ANOVA and t-test were performed for statistical analysis of resulting data. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. There wert significant statistical differences in degree of microleakage between each group (p<0.01). 2. Cast post-core cemented with ZPC (Group I) showed the most severe microleakage pattern$(1.5547{\pm}0.0872mm)$, and cast post-core cemented with adhesive resin cement after tooth surface treatment with dentin bonding agent (Group II) showed the least microleakage $(0.1497{\pm}0.0872mm)$. 3. Group IV revealed less dye penetrations than group III, but no statistical significance was seen between two groups.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.290-300
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• 2011

Objectives: There is limited data regarding the toxicity of methylcyclohexane, despite its wide use in rubber adhesives, paint diluents, and cleansing agents. This study aimed to verify the toxicity and influence on the reproductive system of methylcyclohexane after its repeated injection in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Methylcyclohexane was injected subcutaneously into male and female SD rats once a day, five times a week, for 13 weeks at different doses (0, 10, 100, and 1,000 mg/kg/day) for each group. The toxicity of testing material was verified by observing the change in body and organ weight, hematological change, pathological findings, and effect on the reproductive system at each different concentration. Results: In the 1,000 mg/kg/day group, there were cases of animal deaths. In animals that survived, hematological changes, including a decrease in the red blood cell count, were observed. A considerable weight gain or loss and pathological abnormalities in the liver, kidney, and other organs were found. However, the 10 and 100 mg/kg/day groups did not cause deaths or other specific abnormalities. In terms of reproductive toxicity, there were changes in hormone levels, including a significant decrease in hormones such as estradiol and progesterone (p < 0.001) in male animals. Menstrual cycle change for female animals did not show concentration dependency. Conclusion: When injected repeatedly for 13 weeks, methylcyclohexane proved to be toxic for the liver, heart, and kidney at a high dose. The absolute toxic dose was 1,000 mg/kg/day, while the no observed adverse effect level was less than 100 mg/kg/day. The substance exerted little influence on the reproductive system.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2002

Objectives: Dental personnels have high chances of exposure to various infections during many dental procedures. This study was performed to investigate the state of infection control in the private dental clinics and prevention state of hepatitis B virus infection among the dental hygiene students in Kwanju city, Korea. Methods: Questionnaires were obtained from 94 dental hygiene students who participated in dental practice in private dental clinics for more than five weeks. Results: 83.9% of dentists and 17.2% of dental hygienists routinely used the mask for treating all patients, 32.3% of dentists and 6.5% of dental hygienists routinely used the rubber gloves. The use of protective eyeware was much lower in each group. Disinfectant was used in 52.7% for sanitization of dental instruments before cleansing. The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs were 3.8% and 67.1% respectively, 52.7% of dental hygiene students had history of accidental needle stick. Conclusion: Routine use of personal barrier techniques by dental personnels should be emphasized. Dental hygiene students were not properly immunized against hepatitis B virus and had high incidence of accidental needle stick. It is necessary to establish specific regulations or recommendations for cross infection control in dental practice and to performed scheduled vaccination program for hepatitis B virus for dental hygiene students.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.517-530
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• 2016

This research was conducted on Seoul region elementary, middle, and high school nutritionists to analyze execution conditions of HACCP control standards, focusing on PHF and CCP 3~CCP 7, in order to determine more efficient methods for school meals' sanitation system settlement. All surveys were distributed and collected via email. A total of 305 survey papers were collected, and 300 school results were analyzed. The following percentage of nutritionists perceived the following foods as potentially hazardous foods(PHF): raw or cooked animal foods (94.7%), blossomed seed products (93.7%), packed pickled radish (36.7%), unopened mayonnaise (30.2%), and unopened snails & corn cans 54.8%. Exactly 51.2% of nutritionists believed that foods were properly supplied via CCP 3's food quality standard. Exactly 33.9% of nutritionists answered that they had never corrected the digital thermometer since there were no issues with the CCP 4's digital thermometer correction frequency level. As for CCP 5's chroline disinfection of green vegetables, 57.1% of nutritionists answered that vegetables were slightly softened while 36.2% said there were no changes at all. According to the nutritionists, the most difficult execution level of CCP levels (excluding CCP 3, CCP 4) was CCP 7 (37.1%), CCP 6 (16.4%), and CCP 2 (16.4%). For the above results, proper training/education must be enforced so that nutritionists can have a clear notion of the PHF. A solution must be developed enhancing the execution of CCP 4's digital thermometer correction frequency level. For CP 5's chroline disinfection of green vegetables, food characteristics must be considered to suggest an appropriate number and method of cleansing. Furthermore, cooking employees are needed that properly use and manage cooling & heating equipments to maintain heated foods above $57^{\circ}C$ under the CCP 7 standard.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2008

Purpose: Tunneling is a periodontal surgical procedure that creates access for patient cleansing and maintenance within the furcal area of a molar tooth with severe furcation involvement. Up to date, there are few studies about a long term clinical and radiographic stability of tunneling. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the long term prognosis after tunnel preparation of molars with through and through furcation. Material and Methods: 25 teeth of 23 patients aged 36 to 70 (mean age 51.7) were treated surgically with tunnel preparation. These cases were followed for 2 to 13 years (mean 6.5years) after surgery. Patients were recalled for an evaluation which was based on a questionnaire, a clinical examination, and radiographic analysis. Clinical assessment included plaque index, caries registration, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility. Baseline and over 2-year follow-up radiographs were collected and evaluated for this study. Result: 3 teeth(12%) had been extracted and 1 tooth(4%) hemisected. Root caries was detected in 3 teeth(12%). Thus 72% of the teeth were still caries tree and in function. Clinical parameters including PI, PD, BOP, mobility showed somewhat favourable results. Radiographic furcal bone loss showed no statistically significant difference compared to interproximal crestal bone loss ($3.59{\pm}1.69%$ vs $3.42{\pm}2.95%$) when root length was used as reference. There was no correlation between root trunk length and furcal bone loss. Conclusion: Over 2 years after tunneling procedure, teeth showed a clinically and radiographically stable condition, despite of slight root caries and alveolar bone loss within clinically acceptable range. The tunnel procedure may be considered as a viable periodontal treatment option for molar teeth with severe furcation involvement in individuals following a regular maintenance program.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2005

Background and Objectives : Constipation is a common digestive disorder and enema is one of the external intervention for constipation. Coffee enema was originated by Dr. Gerson for the purpose of colon cleansing and detoxification. However there has been no study about the effect of coffee enema on constipation. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the effect of coffee enema on constipation in the terms of constipation degree and satisfaction questionnaire. Methods : 42 patients were treated of the coffee enema 2 times a week. The constipation score(Constipation Assessment Scale) and frequency of defecation were checked 3 times (before treatment, 1 week and 1 month later). The satisfaction score was also checked 1 week and 1 month later. The interval differences of constipation score between pre- and post-treatment according to body mass index were also analyzed. Results and Conclusions : The constipation scores, frequency of defecation scores checked 1 week and 1 month later were significantly(p<0.01) improved as compared with those before the treatment. The satisfaction scores were close to 'moderately satisfied' 1 week and 1 month later. The scores of 6 parameters in constipation assessment scale, frequency of defecation scores and satisfaction scores were maintained until 1 month later. There was no significant difference in the change of constipation scores between normal BMI and overweight group. 4.2% of the patients reported adverse effects, which were nausea, abdominal distension each.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the oral environmental change in using the natural oral cleaner containing propolis and prevention effect of oral disease. Methods: The subjects were 60 university students in Gangwon province. The groups consisted of 30 students of experimental group and 30 students of control group. The subjects were those who did not take the antipsychotic, diuretic, antihistamine, and anesthetic. The students rinsed their mouth with propolis mixture of oral cleanser for 4 weeks after receiving informed consent from October 1 to November 2, 2012. Collected saliva was measured for amount, salivary consistency, pH, plague index, gingival index, and halitosis. Results: The amount of salivary in propolis mixture of oral cleansing group remarkably increased (t=2.16, p<0.05). pH was alkaline in the group with oral cleaner containing the propolis (t=2.80, p<0.01). The bad breath remarkably decreased in the group with oral cleaner containing the propolis (t=-5.77, p<0.001). Conclusions: The use of the oral cleaner containing the propolis increased the amount of salivary and pH. The use of oral cleaner containing the propolis reduces halitosis and maintains good quality of oral hygiene.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1861-1867
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• 2010

데이터웨어하우스는 기업에서 의사결정이나 기업의 정책을 결정하는데 사용하고 있다. 그러나 분산 환경에서 새로운 시스템이 추가되면 데이터 통합 측면에서 시스템간의 여러 가지 이질적인 특성으로 인해 많은 비용과 시간이 필요로 하게 된다. 따라서 이러한 이질적인 특성을 해결하기 위해 첫째, 데이터 구조의 이질성은 표준기관에서 제정한 표준스키마와 XMDR(eXtended Master Data Registry)를 이용하여 추상화된 쿼리를 생성하고, XMDR에 맞게 쿼리를 분리함으로써 구조적인 이질성을 해결한다. 둘째, 데이터 정의 및 표현의 이질성은 메타데이터에 대한 유사어와 데이터 값의 표현 방식을 정의한 메타데이터 사전을 이용함으로써 해결한다. 특히 본 논문에서는 XMDR을 이용하여 분산 시스템 통합시 로컬시스템의 영향을 최소화하고, 데이터웨어하우스의 정보를 실시간으로 생성하기 위해 분산된 환경에서 데이터 통합을 위한 표준화된 정보를 제공한다.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.277-301
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• 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the sentiment responses of the general public to non-face-to-face work using text mining methodology. As the number of non-face-to-face complaints is increasing over time, it is difficult to review and analyze in traditional methods such as surveys, and there is a limit to reflect real-time issues. Approach This study has proposed a method of the research model, first by collecting and cleansing the data related to non-face-to-face work among tweets posted on Twitter. Second, topics and keywords are extracted from tweets using LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation), a topic modeling technique, and changes for each section are analyzed through DTM(Dynamic Topic Modeling). Third, the complaints of non-face-to-face work are analyzed through the classification of positive and negative polarity in the COVID-19 section. Findings As a result of analyzing 1.54 million tweets related to non-face-to-face work, the number of IDs using non-face-to-face work-related words increased 7.2 times and the number of tweets increased 4.8 times after COVID-19. The top frequently used words related to non-face-to-face work appeared in the order of remote jobs, cybersecurity, technical jobs, productivity, and software. The words that have increased after the COVID-19 were concerned about lockdown and dismissal, and business transformation and also mentioned as to secure business continuity and virtual workplace. New Normal was newly mentioned as a new standard. Negative opinions found to be increased in the early stages of COVID-19 from 34% to 43%, and then stabilized again to 36% through non-face-to-face work sentiment analysis. The complaints were, policies such as strengthening cybersecurity, activating communication to improve work productivity, and diversifying work spaces.