• 공업화학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2007

21세기의 새로운 청정 에너지원으로 각광받고 있는 수소의 성공적인 활용을 위해 높은 저장 용량을 갖는 수소 저장체와 효과적인 수소 저장기술의 개발이 필요하다. 본 총설에서는 다양한 수소 저장 방법에 대해 간략히 요약하고 그 가운데 나노세공체를 이용한 저온 물리흡착에 의한 수소 저장기술의 현황에 대해 살펴보았다. 기존에 알려져 있는 고압의 압축 저장기술과 상온 고압의 수소저장 물질의 개발 이외에도 최근에는 높은 표면적과 큰 세공 부피를 갖는 나노세공체를 이용한 저온 물리흡착 방식이 개발 가능한 수소의 저장 기술의 하나로 활발히 연구되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 높은 수소 저장 용량을 위해 필요한 나노세공체의 특성을 요약하였으며 높은 표면적 및 미세 세공부피, 작은 세공 크기, 큰 정전기장 및 불포화 배위자리가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 최근까지 보고된 나노세공체 흡착제에 의한 수소 저장 능력을 정리하였는데 현재까지 보고된 최고의 결과로는 액체 질소 온도($-196^{\circ}C$)의 약 80 기압에서 약 7.5wt%의 수소를 저장할 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 향후 지속적이고 새로운 나노세공체의 설계, 합성, 제조 및 수식에 대한 노력을 통해 수소에너지 저장에 활용될 수 있는 효과적인 수소 저장체 개발을 기대한다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the effective environmental control measures in preventing calf diarrheal disease in farms. It was found that the high numbers of calves in a cow house was directly related with the high incidence rate of diarrheal diseases. When the number of calves was increased in a cow house, it was difficult to reduce the diarrheal diseases of calves. It was revealed that the incidence rates of calf diarrheal disease were dramatically reduced when the delivery house which faced south. The periodical changes of bedding materials seemed beneficial good to control the possible resident infectious agents, including pathogenic viruses and bacteria. The control of the delivery time was important for reduction of calf diarrhea. It was revealed that September and October were the best time as the delivery period. In order to use old cow house as a delivery house, it should be sterilized by the disinfectant and the flame. When the diarrheal feces were removed as soon as possible, the transmission of diarrheal diseases among calves In the same house was reduced. When the diarrheal feces were not disposed, the incidence rate of diarrhea reached up to 50%. When the morbid calves were not quarantined, the incidence rate of diarrhea was 100%. In contrast, when the diseased calves were quarantined from other calves, the incidence rate of diarrhea was reduced, remarkably. The mean recovery time from the diarrhea of the treated calves in the southern cow house was much faster than that in the north cow house. The treatment of calves in a clean and well-ventilated cow house with dry bedding was more effective than that in a cold, wet, and dark house. It could be postulated that the most important environmental factor in the reduction of diarrheal diseases of calves is the blocking of the entry of the infectious agents. The complete sanitation and control of the delivery house in the using farm is more important than building a new cow house, for prevention of calf diarrheal diseases.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

Since 1960's along with industrialization and urbanization, economic growth has been . achieved, however, at the same time, environmental condition has been seriously deteriorated. . Currently, volume of wastewater has been increasing at annual rate of 7% in sewage and 20% in industrial wastewater. However, the nation's sewage treatment serves only 33% of the municipal wastewater as of 1991. Major portion of air pollutants comes from combustion of oil and coal which comprise 81% of total energy use and emission gases from motor vehicles increasing at an accelerated rate. It is known that Korea generates the highest amount of waste per capta. Nevertheless, it is not sufficient to reduce the volume of waste by means of resources recovery and recycling. Recognizing the importance of global environmental problems such as ozone layer depletion, global warming and acid rain, international society has been making various efforts since the 1972 Stockholm conference. In particular, it is expected that the Rio conference which has adopted the Rio declaration and Agenda 21 will form a crucial turning point of the emerging new world order after the Cold War confrontation. To cope with such issues as domestic pollution and global environmental problems, the fundamental national policy aims at harmonizing "environmental protection and sustainable development". The Ministry of Environment has recently set up a mid-term comprehensive plan which includes annual targets for environmental protection. According to the government plan, gradual improvement of various environmental conditions and specific measures to achieve them is planned in time frame. Additional sewage treatment plants will be constructed in urban areas with the target to treat 65% of the nation's municipal sewage by 1996. Supply of clean fuels such as LNG will also be expanded starting from large cities as a cleaner substitute energy for coal and oil. In parallel with expansion of LNG, emphasis will be placed on installation of stack monitoring system. Due to the relatively limited land, government's basic policy for solid waste treatment is to develop large scale landfill facilities rather than small sized ones. Thirty three regional areas have been designated for the purpose of waste management. For each of these regions, big scale landfill site is going to be developed. To increase the rate of waste recycling the government is planning to reinforce separate collection system and to provide industries with economic incentives. As a part of meeting the changing situation on global environmental problems after UNCED, and accommodation regulatory measures stipulated in the global environmental conventions and protocols, national policy will try to alter industrial and economic structure so as to mitigate the increasing trends of energy consumption, by encouraging energy conservation and efficiency. In this regard, more attention will be given to the policy on the development of the cleaner technology. Ultimately, these policies and programs will contribute greatly to improving the current state of national public health.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2016

돼지고기 중 5종의 곰팡이독소(아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$ 및 오크라톡신 A)를 분석하기 위해 0.1% 개미산을 함유한 50% 아세토니트릴용액으로 추출한 후 고체상추출칼럼을 이용하여 정제하고, LC-MS/MS로 동시 정량할 수 있는 시험법을 마련하였다. 분석조건으로 측정한 5종의 곰팡이독소 matrix-matched 표준곡선식에서 모두 상관계수 0.998이상의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 5종의 곰팡이독소 2배의 정량한계에서 10배의 정량한계로 첨가한 시료에서 평균 회수율은 72.1~109.9%로 실험 결과들이 EU 가이드라인에서 제시하는 유효성 확인을 위한 기준을 만족함으로써 시험법의 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있었다. 충청지역 유통되고 있은 돼지고기 20건에 대한 총아플라톡신 및 오크라톡신A에 대한 오염도 조사결과 정량한계 미만으로 조사되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate water quality through a field survey at six floor fountain sites. The floor fountain facilities were designed and operated in such a way that tap water was stored in a water tank and recycled repeatedly. The water tank was cleaned once or twice per week in the summer. The number of facility users was low during the day due to sweltering heat, but up to 40 people, mainly children, were using them around 8 pm. Since the operation time was as short as 30 minutes, it is considered necessary to extend it for at least one hour for the number of users. As a result of the water quality test of the reservoir tank prior to operation after cleaning, it was measured to be within drinking water quality standards at the six facilities. As a result of the water quality test after use, ammonia nitrogen was measured to be 1.45 mg/L at Site IV. This exceeded the drinking water quality standard of 0.5 mg/L. In the case of turbidity, two cases exceed at 7.38 and 4.52 NTU when applying 4 NTU as the water quality standard for waterscape facilities. Twenty-eight cases exceed the standard of drinking water quality. The result of microbiological tests, at five sites excepting Site I, where disinfectant was injected, was that the maximum total colony count was 180,000 CFU/mL, total coliforms was 2,100,000 CFU/100 mL, fecal coliforms was 4,600 CFU/100 mL, Escherichia coli was 170 MPN/100 mL and Enterococcus was 100 CFU/100 mL. This exceeded the water quality standards of drinking water. Children are very likely to inhale because the water spews from below and falls from above, so it is necessary to apply water quality standards for ammonia nitrogen, turbidity and microbes. Current floor fountain facilities are highly susceptible to disease caused by microbial contamination because of water cycling and reuse, so it is necessary to change the water every day, clean the water tank, and perform chlorination. Therefore, it is necessary to inject calcium hypochlorite according to the free chlorine water quality standard of swimming pools with a different water tank capacity. In addition, facilities should be improved to prevent the reuse of water by installing the water tank at a separate location.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1529-1539
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the DNA methylation profile in the longissimus dorsi muscle between Small Tailed Han and Dorper${\times}$Small Tailed Han crossbred sheep which were known to exhibit significant difference in meat-production. Methods: Six samples (three in each group) were subjected to the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and subsequent bioinformatics analyses to detect differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the two groups. Results: 23.08 Gb clean data from six samples were generated and 808 DMRs were identified in gene body or their neighboring up/downstream regions. Compared with Small Tailed Han sheep, we observed a tendency toward a global loss of DNA methylation in these DMRs in the crossbred group. Gene ontology enrichment analysis found several gene sets which were hypomethylated in gene-body region, including nucleoside binding, motor activity, phospholipid binding and cell junction. Numerous genes were found to be differentially methylated between the two groups with several genes significantly differentially methylated, including transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1), ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (ACOX2), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARG2), netrin 1 (NTN1), ras and rab interactor 2 (RIN2), microtubule associated protein RP/EB family member 1 (MAPRE1), ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2 (ADAMTS2), myomesin 1 (MYOM1), zinc finger, DHHC type containing 13 (ZDHHC13), and SH3 and PX domains 2B (SH3PXD2B). The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation showed that the 12 genes are differentially expressed between the two groups. Conclusion: In the current study, a tendency to a global loss of DNA methylation in these DMRs in the crossbred group was found. Twelve genes, TGFB3, ACSL1, RYR1, ACOX2, PPARG2, NTN1, RIN2, MAPRE1, ADAMTS2, MYOM1, ZDHHC13, and SH3PXD2B, were found to be differentially methylated between the two groups by gene ontology enrichment analysis. There are differences in the expression of 12 genes, of which ACSL1, RIN2, and ADAMTS2 have a negative correlation with methylation levels and the data suggest that DNA methylation levels in DMRs of the 3 genes may have an influence on the expression. These results will serve as a valuable resource for DNA methylation investigations on screening candidate genes which might be related to meat production in sheep.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.409-409
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• 2014

Recently hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), III-V compound of boron and nitrogen with strong covalent $sp^2$ bond, is a 2 dimensional insulating material with a large direct band gap up to 6 eV. Its outstanding properties such as strong mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, and chemical stability have been reported to be similar or superior to graphene. Because of these excellent properties, h-BN can potentially be used for variety of applications such as dielectric layer, deep UV optoelectronic device, and protective transparent substrate. Ultra flat and charge impurity-free surface of h-BN is also an ideal substrate to maintain electrical properties of 2 dimensional materials such as graphene. To synthesize a single or a few layered h-BN, chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) has been widely used by using an ammonia borane as a precursor. Ammonia borane decomposes into hydrogen (gas), monomeric aminoborane (solid), and borazine (gas) that is used for growing h-BN layer. However, very active monomeric aminoborane forms polymeric aminoborane nanoparticles that are white non-crystalline BN nanoparticles of 50~100 nm in diameter. The presence of these BN nanoparticles following the synthesis has been hampering the implementation of h-BN to various applications. Therefore, it is quite important to grow a clean and high quality h-BN layer free of BN particles without having to introduce complicated process steps. We have demonstrated a synthesis of a high quality h-BN monolayer free of BN nanoparticles in wafer-scale size of $7{\times}7cm^2$ by using CVD method incorporating a simple filter system. The measured results have shown that the filter can effectively remove BN nanoparticles by restricting them from reaching to Cu substrate. Layer thickness of about 0.48 nm measured by AFM, a Raman shift of $1,371{\sim}1,372cm^{-1}$ measured by micro Raman spectroscopy along with optical band gap of 6.06 eV estimated from UV-Vis Spectrophotometer confirm the formation of monolayer h-BN. Quantitative XPS analysis for the ratio of boron and nitrogen and CS-corrected HRTEM image of atomic resolution hexagonal lattices indicate a high quality stoichiometric h-BN. The method presented here provides a promising technique for the synthesis of high quality monolayer h-BN free of BN nanoparticles.

• 분석과학
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.437-445
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 동물용 의약품으로 널리 사용되고 환경 중 잔류 가능성이 높은 설폰아미드계 항생제 5종 (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole) 및 대사체 5종($N^4$-acetylsulfadiazine, $N^4$-acetylsulfamerazine, $N^4$--acetylsulfamethazine, N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxazole-$N^1$-glucuronide)의 분석방법을 연구하였다. 다양한 전처리 조건을 비교 검토하여 최적의 동시 추출방법과 LC/ESI-MS/MS를 이용한 기기분석 조건을 확립하였다. 카트리지별 추출효율은 C18 카트리지에서 12~94%, HLB 카트리지에서 60-95%, MCX 카트리지에서 25-123%였으며, MCX와 HLB 카트리지를 결합한 방법의 회수율은 70-90%이었다. HLB를 선택하여 확립된 분석방법의 회수율은 66~115%, 상대표준편차 5~17%이었으며, 방법검출한계는 0.001~0.187 ng/mL 였다. 이를 실제 환경시료에 적용한 결과 4종의 설폰아미드 항생제가 0.008~2.153 ng/mL 농도범위로 검출되었으며, 대사체의 경우 $N^4$-acetylsulfamethoxazole이 확인되었으나 검출한계 미만으로 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2009

Objectives : Our objective was to examine and evaluate the psychological health of the residents of Taean during the cleanup of the Hebei Spirit(HS) oil spill and to review some factors associated with the results. Methods : A community survey of 71 men and women was conducted 8 weeks after the HS oil spill. Questionnaires used were the PWI(Psychological Well-being Index) scale for psychosocial distress, the CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression) scale for depressive symptoms, and a questionnaire created to assess suicidal impulses. Results : The overall prevalence of high-risk psychosocial distress among the study group was 64.2%. The percentages of respondents with scores on the CES-D Scale above 16 and above 21 were 77.6% and 62.7%, respectively. The percentage of respondents categorized as having suicidal impulses was 18.3%. When compared with unexposed groups in the general population taken from various sources, the residents of Taean were 6.5 times as likely to have high stress and 9.4-9.7 times as likely to be depressed. No significant difference in the rate of suicidal impulse was found between the residents of Taean and the general population. Factors associated with high stress, depression, and suicidal impulses were age, a change in income, educational level, number of days working on the cleanup, and positive responses to questions about "affected daily activity" and "hospital visit due to work on cleanup". Conclusions : The results suggest that the HS oil spill had a significant impact on the psychological health of residents of Taean, but the comparability of the unexposed groups is a limitation of the study.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2009

본 실험은 밤가공품의 제조과정 중에 생성될 수 있는 PAHs 함량을 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 밤가공품은 시중에서 유통되고 있는 7종을 구입하여 초음파 추출과정과 정제과정을 거친 후 HPLC/FLD를 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 8종류의 PAH는정성 정량분석에 만족할만한 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 첫째 PAHs를 농도범위에서 측정한 결과 상관계수($R_2$)가 0.997이상으로 분석에 양호한 직선성을 나타냈으며, 검출한계는 0.012-0.382 ${mu}g/kg$, 정량한계는 0.042-1.273 ${mu}g/kg$으로 만족할 만한 수준이었다. 둘째 PAHs와 공시료를 대상으로 회수율을 측정한 결과 평균회수율은 87.83-100.56%이고, 상대표준편차는 0.60-3.76%로 나타났다. 셋째 일내, 일간 정확성은 각각 81.95-125.44%, 79.89-116.53%이었고, 정밀성은 0.02-4.48%, 0.37-9.83%이었다. 넷째, 밤가공품을 대상으로 분석한 결과 PAHs 중 일부는 검출되었으나 모두 정량한계 이하로 나타났고, 대부분의 시료에서는 검출되지 않았다.