• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2002

This paper describes a development of a portable physical activity monitoring system using two accelerometers to quantify physical activity. The system hardware consists of two piezoresistive accelerometers, amplifiers with gain of 30, lowpass filters with cut-off frequency of 15Hz, offset control circuits, one-chip microcontroller and flash memory card. In order to evaluate the performance of the system we acquired 3 channel data at 32 sample/sec from body-fixed accelerometers in chest and right upper leg. And then the acquired data were processed by MatLab on personal computer. We tried to distinguish not only fundamental actions which are steady-state activities such as standing, sitting, and lying but also dynamic activities with walking, up a stairway, down a stairway, and running. Five subjects participated the evaluation process which compare the video data with the measured data. As a result, the activity classification rate of 90.6% on average was obtained. Overall results showed that the steady-state activities could be classified from the low component of 3-axis acceleration signal and dynamic activities could be distinguished from frequency analysis using wavelet transform and FFT. Finally, we could find that this system can be applied to acquire and analyze the static and dynamic physical activity data.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.2948-2963
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• 2015

In the field of computer vision, visual surveillance systems have recently become an important research topic. Growth in this area is being driven by both the increase in the availability of inexpensive computing devices and image sensors as well as the general inefficiency of manual surveillance and monitoring. In particular, the ultimate goal for many visual surveillance systems is to provide automatic activity recognition for events at a given site. A higher level of understanding of these activities requires certain lower-level computer vision tasks to be performed. So in this paper, we propose an intelligent activity recognition model that uses a structure learning method and a classification method. The structure learning method is provided as a K2-learning algorithm that generates Bayesian networks of causal relationships between sensors for a given activity. The statistical characteristics of the sensor values and the topological characteristics of the generated graphs are learned for each activity, and then a neural network is designed to classify the current activity according to the features extracted from the multiple sensor values that have been collected. Finally, the proposed method is implemented and tested by using PETS2013 benchmark data.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2008

We propose a new method for recognizing the activities of daily living(ADL) based on the state-dependent motion analysis using 3-axial accelerometers and a glove type RFID reader. Two accelerometers are used for the classification of 5 body states based on the decision tree. Classification of the instrumental activities is performed based on the hand interaction with an object ID using an accelerometer and a RFID reader. Object-dependent hand movements are classified into 5 categories in advance and final decision combines the body state and the instrumental activities. Experiment shows that the suggested hierarchical motion analysis provides accuracy rate of over 90% for all 20 ADLs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2012

This study utilized a standardization and cluster analysis technique for the selection and classification of beneficial bacteria. A set of synthetic data consisting of 100 individual variables with three characteristics was created for analysis. The three characteristics assigned to each independent variable were designated to have different numeric scales, averages, and standard deviations. The variables were bacterial isolates at random, and the three characteristics were fermentation products, including cell yield, antioxidant activity of culture, and enzyme production. A standardization method utilizing a standard normal distribution equation to record fermentation yields of each isolate was employed to weight their different numeric scales and deviations. Following transformation, the data set was analyzed by cluster analysis. The Manhattan method for dissimilarity matrix construction along with complete linkage technique, an agglomerative method for hierarchical cluster analysis, was employed using statistical computing program R. A total of 100 isolates were classified into groups A, B, and C. In a comparison of the characteristics of each group, all characteristics in groups A and C were higher than those of group B. Isolates displaying higher cell yield were classified as group A, whereas those isolates showing high antioxidant activity and enzyme production were assigned to group C. The results of the cluster analysis can be useful for the classification of numerous isolates and the preparation of an isolation pool using numerical or statistical tools. The present study suggests that a simple technique can be applied to screen and select beneficial microbes using the freely downloadable statistical computing program R.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2018

The social activities of the elderly are important in successfully achieving aging by providing opportunities for social interaction to enhance life satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to identify the related factors of the elderly social activities and build a statistical classification model to predict social activities. Subjects were 1,864 elderly people (829 males, 1,035 females) who completed the community health survey in 2015. Outcome variables were defined as the experience of social activity during the past month(yes, no). The prediction model was constructed using decision tree model based on Classification and Regression Trees (CRT) algorithm. The results of this study were subjective health, frequency of meeting with neighbors, frequency of meeting with relatives, and living with spouse were significant variables of social participation. The most prevalent predictor was the subjective health level. In order to prepare for the successful aging of the super aged society based on the results of this study, social attention and support for the social activities of the elderly are required.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.72-83
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to classify, from collected home health care records data, nursing diagnoses according to the NANDA system and nursing interventions according to the NIC system, and to link nursing interventions to nursing diagnoses. For this study, 101 home health care records of clients seen between September, 1994 and November, 1996 at Yonsei Medical Center, Seoul, were analyzed. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The most frequent nursing diagnoses were ‘Risk for infection’ and ‘Altered nutrition : Less than body requirements’, then ‘Impaired skin intergrity’ and ‘Ineffective airway clearance’ in the Exchange pattern of NANDA nine human response patterns. 2. The most frequent nursing interventions were the interventions in the Physiological : Complex domain, there were 690(50.7%) interventions among a total 1347 interventions. This results corresponds to Yom, Young Hee(1995)’s research, both Korean and U.S. nurses used the interventions in the Physiological : Complex do main most often on a daily basis. And respiratory nursing interventions were most frequent because 32.7% of the subjects were respiratory patients. 3. The next step was to link the nursing interventions to nursing diagnoses. The most frequent nursing diagnosis was ‘Risk for infection’ and 19 interventions for ‘Risk for infection’ were used 267 times. Then 14 interventions for ‘Impaired skin integrity’ were used 258 times, 12 interventions for ‘Ineffrective airway clearance’ were used 193 times, 12 interventions for ‘Altered nutrition : Less than body requirements’ were used 122 times, 10 interventions for ‘Activity intolerance’ were used 75 times, and 11 interventions for ‘Knowledge deficit’ were used 52 times. 4. The use of standardized classification in the areas of nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions facilitates clinical decision making and prompt nursing activity, and so enhances the effectiveness of nursing care.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.413-425
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• 2017

Objectives: Accurate assessment of energy expenditure is important for estimation of energy requirements in athletic children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of accelerometer for prediction of selected activities' energy expenditure and intensity in athletic elementary school children. Methods: The present study involved 31 soccer players (16 males and 15 females) from an elementary school (9-12 years). During the measurements, children performed eight selected activities while simultaneously wearing the accelerometer and carrying the portable indirect calorimeter. Five equations (Freedson/Trost, Treuth, Pate, Puyau, Mattocks) were assessed for the prediction of energy expenditure from accelerometer counts, while Evenson equation was added for prediction of activity intensity, making six equations in total. The accuracy of accelerometer for energy prediction was assessed by comparing measured and predicted values, using the paired t-test. The intensity classification accuracy was evaluated with kappa statistics and ROC-Curve. Results: For activities of lying down, television viewing and reading, Freedson/Trost, Treuth were accurate in predicting energy expenditure. Regarding Pate, it was accurate for vacuuming and slow treadmill walking energy prediction. Mattocks was accurate in treadmill running activities. Concerning activity intensity classification accuracy, Pate (kappa=0.72) had the best performance across the four intensities (sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous). In case of the sedentary activities, all equations had a good prediction accuracy, while with light activities and Vigorous activities, Pate had an excellent accuracy (ROC-AUC=0.91, 0.94). For Moderate activities, all equations showed a poor performance. Conclusions: In conclusion, none of the assessed equations was accurate in predicting energy expenditure across all assessed activities in athletic children. For activity intensity classification, Pate had the best prediction accuracy.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Objectives : It is necessary that the international classification of diseases (ICD) be examined in order to comprise the third revision of the Korean Classification of Disease on Oriental Medicine (KCD-OM) and disease classification in the oriental internal medicine field. It is essential that the selection, classification and definition of disease and pattern names of oriental concepts in internal medicine be clear. Since 2008, the fifth revision of the Korean Classification of Disease (KCD-5) has been used in Korea. It was required to use the reference classification from the Oriental medicine area based on the ICD-10. Methods : In this review, the necessity for, meaning of and content of the third revision are briefly described. The ICD system was reviewed and KCD-OM was reconstructed. How diagnosis in the oriental internal medicine area had changed is discussed. Review and Results : In 1973, the disease classification of oriental medicine was established the basis on the contents of Dongeuibogam. It was irrespective of the ICD. As to the classification system in the Oriental internal medicine field, systemic disease was comprised of wind, cold, warm, wet, dryness, heat, spirit, ki, blood, phlegm and retained fluid, consumptive disease, etc. Diseases of internal medicine comprised a system according to the five viscera and the six internal organs and followed the classification system of Dongeuibogam. The first and second revisions were of the classification system based on the curriculum in 1979 and 1995. In 1979, in the first revision, geriatric disease and idiopathic types of disease were deleted, and skin disease was included among surgery diseases. This classification was expanded to 792 small classification items and 1,535 detailed classification items to the dozen disease classes. In 1995, in the second revision, it was adjusted to 644 small classes and 1,784 detailed classification items in the dozen disease classes. KCD-OM3 did KCD from this basis. It added and comprised the oriental medical doctor's concept names of diseases considering the special conditions in Korea. KCD-OM3 examined the KCD-OMsecond revised edition (1994). It improved the duplex classification, improper classifications, etc. It is difficult for us to separate the disease names and pattern names in oriental medicine. We added to the U code and made one classification system. By considering the special conditions in Korea, 169 codes (83 disease name codes, 86 pattern name codes) became the pre-existence classification and links among 306 U codes of KCD-OM3. 137 codes were newly added in the third revision. U code added 3 domains. These are composed of the disease name (U20-U33, 97 codes), the disease pattern name (U50-U79, 191 codes) and the constitution pattern name of each disease (U95-U98, 18 codes). Conclusion : The introduction of KCD-OM3 conforms to the diagnostic system by which oriental medical doctors examine classes used with the basic structure of the reference classification of WHO and raises the clinical study and academic activity of the Korean oriental medicine and makes the production of all kinds of nation statistical indices possible. The introduction of KCD-OM3 promotes the diagnostic system by which doctors of Oriental medicine examine classes using the association with KCD-5. It will raise the smoothness and efficiency of oriental medical treatment payments in the health insurance, automobile insurance, industrial accident compensation insurance, etc. In addition, internationally, the eleventh revision work of the ICD has been initiated. It needs to consider incorporating into the International Classification of Diseases some of every country's traditional medicine.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(3)
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• pp.113-116
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• 2000

In this paper, we present new scheme for image coding which efficiently use the relationship between the properties of spatial image and its wavelet transform. Firstly an original image is decomposed into several layers by the wavelet transform, and simultaneously decomposed into 2$\^$n/ ${\times}$ 2$\^$n/ blocks. Each block is classified into 3 regions according to their property, i.e., low activity region(LAR), midrange activity region(MAR), high activity region(HAR). Secondly we are applied texture modeling technique to LAR, MAR and HAR are encoded by Stack-Run coding technique. Finally our scheme Is superior to the Zerotree method in both reconstructed image Quality and transmitted bit rates.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.75-94
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• 2015

The main purpose of this study was to examine the various aspects of logico-mathematical thinking and its development by observing a block building activity undertaken by infants and toddlers. The subjects comprised 73 young children from between the ages of 12- to 41-months-old. The interviewee was individually asked to build "something tall", making use of 20 blocks. The results of this study were, first, a regular increase by age is seen in congruence, the vertical use of flat blocks, and innovative ways of using triangular blocks. Second, many types of logico-mathematical thinking processes, such as classification, seriation, spatial relationship and temporal relationship, were shown during the block building activities on the part of the 12- to 41-months-olds who took part in this study.