• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1997

Handling the emergency problems such as Chemobyl accident require real time prediction of pollutants dispersion. One-point real time sounding at pollutant source and simple model including turbulent-radiation process are very important to predict dispersion at real time. The stability categories obtained by one-dimensional numerical model (including PBL dynamics and radiative process) are good agreement with observational data (Golder, 1972). Therefore, the meteorological parameters (thermal, moisture and momentum fluxes; sensible and latent heat; Monin-Obukhov length and bulk Richardson number; vertical diffusion coefficient and TKE; mixing height) calculated by this model will be useful to understand the structure of stable boundary layer and to handling the emergency problems such as dangerous gasses accident. Especially, this simple model has strong merit for practical dispersion models which require turbulence process but does not takes long time to real predictions. According to the results of this model, the urban area has stronger vertical dispersion and weaker horizontal dispersion than rural area during daytime in summer season. The maximum stability class of urban area and rural area are 'A' and 'B' at 14 LST, respectively. After 20 LST, both urban and rural area have weak vertical dispersion, but they have strong horizontal dispersion. Generally, the urban area have larger radius of horizontal dispersion than rural area. Considering the resolution and time consuming problems of three dimensional grid model, one-dimensional model with one-point real sounding have strong merit for practical dispersion model.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2022

본 연구는 딥러닝 기반 변분 오토인코더(Variational Autoencoder)를 활용하여 수치형 학습데이터 내 클래스 불균형 문제를 해결하고, 학습데이터를 증강하여 학습모델의 성능을 향상시키고자 한다. 우리는 주어진 테이블 데이터에 대하여 인위적으로 레코드 개수를 늘리기 위해 'D-VAE'을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 최적의 데이터 증강을 지원하기 위해 우선 이산화와 특징선택을 수반한 전처리 과정을 수행한다. 이산화 과정에서 k-means 클러스터링을 적용하여 그룹화한 후, 주어진 데이터가 원-핫 인코딩(one-hot encoding) 기법으로 원-핫 벡터(one-hot vector)로 변환한다. 이후, 특징 선택 기법 중 RFECV 기법을 활용하여 예측에 도움이 되는 변수를 가려내고, 이에 대해서만 변분 오토인코더를 활용하여 새로운 학습데이터를 생성한다. 제안 기법의 성능을 검증하기 위해 4가지 유형의 실험 데이터를 활용하여 데이터 증강 비율별로 그 유효성을 입증한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.555-564
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• 2008

The bacterial community structure in biological activated carbon (BAC) process in drinking water treatment plant was investigated by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe. Samples were collected at different three points in BAC process every month for one year. They were hybridized with a probe specific for the alpha, beta, gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flavobacteria group and Gram-positive high G+C content (HGC) group. Total numbers of bacteria in BAC process counted by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining were $5.4{\times}10^{10}$ (top), $4.0{\times}10^{10}$ (middle) and $2.8{\times}10^{10}$ cells/ml (bottom). The number of the culturable bacteria was from $1.0{\times}10^7$ to $3.6{\times}10^7$ cells/ml and the culturability was about 0.05%. The faction of bacteria detectable by FISH with the probe EUB338 was about 83% of DAPI counts. Gamma and alpha subclass of the class Proteobacteria were predominant in BAC process and their ratios were over 20% respectively. In top and middle, alpha, beta and gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria competed with each other and their percentages was changed according to the season. In bottom, gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria was predominant all through the year. It could be successfully observed the seasonal distribution of bacterial community in biological activated carbon process using FISH.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2009

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases and it causes cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. While antihypertensive drug use increased, it took 15% of national health insurance drug expenditure. This study aimed to examine the pattern of antihypertensive drug prescription using National Health Insurance claims database and compare it with recommendations of Korea Hypertension Treatment Guidelines. Among the antihypertensive drugs, calcium channel blocker(64.4%) was most commonly prescribed class, and diuretics(44.6%), angiotensin II receptor blocker(33.3%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(11.7%) was followed. Approximately 81% of antihypertensives prescription were without cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and among the comorbid conditions, diabetes(10.7%) was most common. calcium channel blocker(62.3%) was mostly prescribed class for hypertension with angina pectoris, angiotensin receptor blocker(45.3%) with myocardial infarction, diuretics(70.2%) and calcium channel blocker(49.5%) with congestive heart failure. For Hypertension with cerebrovascular disease, calcium channel blocker(68.0%) and angiotensin receptor blocker(43.3%) were prescribed mainly. When it comes to diabetes, calcium channel blocker(57.2%) was still mostly prescribed and angiotensin receptor blocker(45.9%) followed. But in hospitals and tertiary hospitals, angiotensin receptor blocker(65.7, 66.1%) was mostly prescribed for the patients with diabetes. For Hypertension with chronic renal disease, angiotensin receptor blocker(59.5%), calcium channel blocker(56.5%), diuretics(54.6%) were mainly used. Average number of classes per prescribing was $1.89{\pm}0.89$ class, average days per prescribing was $33{\pm}19$ day. Among the hypertension without comorbidity, 40.5% of prescription was monotherapy and 58.8% of polytherapy included diuretics. Among the outpatient prescriptions, calcium channel blocker was the most commonly used class, and the prescription pattern in clinic did not closely followed recommendations of Hypertension Treatment Guidelines.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-116
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• 2019

본 연구목적은 어린이집 1세와 2세반의 영아반 교사에 따라 나타난 신체활동 운영계획, 내용선정, 평가의 실행과 지원요구 차이를 분석하여 영아 발달수준에 적합한 신체활동 운영방안의 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 연구대상은 J도 어린이집 영아반 담임교사 221명이며, 51문항으로 구성된 설문지를 배포하여 수집된 자료는 ${\chi}^2$ 검증, 독립표본 t-검증 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 신체활동 실행 변인 중에서 학급크기, 수업계획자, 적합한 지도자, 실외운동 주당수업 빈도와 수업시간, 연계교육 계획의 일부 변인, 신체활동 내용선정의 일부 변인, 신체활동 평가의 일부 변인에서 반별에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 신체활동 실행 시 지원요구 변인 중에서 신체활동계획안 작성법, 교수학습방법, 평가방법, 신체표현활동프로그램, 보수교육운영 시 표준보육과정 신체운동영역의 일부 변인에서 반별에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구에서 논의된 1세반과 2세반에 적합한 신체활동 운영방안과 교사의 지원 요구를 개선시킬 수 있는 방안의 일환으로 효율적인 영아보수교육 운영에 대해서 제언도 하였다.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2022

본 연구는 학생중심의 다양한 교수학습방법을 운영하기 위한 교과교실 환경을 도출하기 위한 연구로서 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 각 교과목별 장기 및 단기 프로젝트수업의 유형 구분 없이 대부분 강의, 토론과 협의, 자료 검색, 보고서 작성, 발표, 작품전시, 기타 등이 공통적으로 도출되었다. 특히 다양한 수업이 동일 시간대 운영 될 필요성이 제시되어 단위 교과교실 내 통합 교수학습운영 환경이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 실습교과의 특성상 하나의 주제수업을 진행하기 위해 강의 및 토론 수업 등과 함께 동시에 실습수업이 연계된다는 점을 고려하면 실습교육과 동시에 강의 등 다양한 수업이 동시에 이루어질 수 있는 전문 교과교실 체계로 전환이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 미래 다양한 수업 유형의 실현을 위한 교과교실 공간크기의 적정성을 파악한 결과 특히 실습교실의 공간 크기는 이론수업용 모둠교구 배치 영역과 함께 실습전용 공간 및 작품 전시 영역 등을 포함한 공간 규모가 확장되어야 함을 알 수 있다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 토대로 미래 교수학습 수업운영을 위한 공간 환경으로는 교과공용교실제를 기본으로 학생수 규모 및 수업 비중에 따라 강의전담실, 토론 및 발표 전담실, 프로젝트학습실 등 전문 교과교실을 확보하는 것이 학생 중심의 교수학습방법의 다양한 운영을 실현 할 수 있을 것으로 파악된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2013

The conjugating algae, an almost exclusively freshwater and extraordinarily diverse group of streptophyte green algae, are referred to a class generally known as the Conjugatophyceae in Central Europe and the Zygnematophyceae elsewhere in the world. Conjugatophyceae is widely considered to be a descriptive name and Zygnematophyceae ('Zygnemophyceae') a typified name. However, both are typified names and Conjugatophyceae Engler ('Conjugatae') is the earlier name. Additionally, Zygnemophyceae Round is currently an invalid name and is validated here as Zygnematophyceae Round ex Guiry. The names of orders, families and genera for conjugating green algae are reviewed. For many years these algae were included in the 'Conjugatae', initially used as the equivalent of an order. The earliest use of the name Zygnematales appears to be by the American phycologist Charles Edwin Bessey (1845-1915), and it was he who first formally redistributed all conjugating algae from the 'Conjugatae' to the orders Zygnematales and the Desmidiales. The family Closteriaceae Bessey, currently encompassing Closterium and Spinoclosterium, is illegitimate as it was superfluous when first proposed, and its legitimization is herein proposed by nomenclatural conservation to facilitate use of the name. The genus Debarya Wittrock, 1872 is shown to be illegitimate as it is a later homonym of Debarya Schulzer, 1866 (Ascomycota), and the substitute genus name Transeauina Guiry is proposed together with appropriate combinations for 13 species currently assigned to the genus Debarya Wittrock. The relationships between Mougeotia, Mougeotiopsis, Mougeotiella, and Transeauina require further resolution, as do many of the other genera referred to the Conjugatophyceae. Type species are designated for genera for which no types were formally selected previously. The number of currently described species of conjugating green algae in AlgaeBase is about 3,500, comprising about 10% of all algal species, with about one third of species referred to the Zygnematales and two-thirds to the Desmidiales. A corresponding 10% of all algal names at the species level and below have been applied to conjugating algae, although a large proportion of these are at the infraspecific level.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보교육학회 2010년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

오픈 소스 LMS인 Moodle은 다양한 형태의 모듈로 구성되어 다양한 형태의 학습 자료와 학습활동을 수행할 수 있는 CMS(Course Management System)이다. 또한 웹 상에 Moodle를 이용하면 교수-학습 활동이 강화된 효과적인 강좌를 구성할 수 있다. Moodle은 다양한 학습 자원들과 학습 활동을 제공해 주고 있기 때문에 교수자가 원하는 다양한 학습 체제를 교수-학습 설계에 반영할 수 있다. 또한 교사와 학생 간의 학습 자료의 공유와 참여를 통한 양방향 시스템으로 학습 체제를 쉽게 구축하고 활용할 수 있는 방법과 기회도 제공해 주고 있다. 이러한 양방향 시스템의 이러닝 강좌를 설계하는데 있어서 Moodle은 무료이면서도 강력한 기능을 제공해 준다. 본 논문에서는 서울교육대학교 1학기 "정보과학의 이해와 응용" 교과목을 Moodle을 활용하여 설계하고 운영한 사례를 분석하고 Moodle의 향후 확대 방안을 찾아 보고자 하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1017-1022
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• 1999

Background: An increasing number of elderly are referred for open heart surgeries(OHS). These patients are assumed to have significantly increased morbidity and mortality because of compromised functional reserves in their vital organs. We reviewed the results of OHS patients who were 70 years old or older. Material and Method: Thirty six consecutive septuagenarians underwent OHS from 1995 to 1997. Operations were coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) in 26 including 3 left main surgical angioplasty, valve replacement in 7, MVR+CABG in 2, and ASD closure+TAP in 1. Statistical tests were carried out to compare survivor group with nonsurvivor group in respect to risk factors including NYHA functional class, LVEF, emergent operation, IABP support, CPB/ACC time, ventilator time cardiac index, ICU stay and hospital stay for operative mortality. Result: Operative mortality rate and postoperative complication were 16%(6/36) and 50%(18/36). One-year and 3-year actuarial survival rates were 76%. Nine patients(25%) had major complications including third-degree A-V block(2), respiratory failure(1), stroke(3), renal failure requiring dialysis(3) and postoperative hemorrhage(2). The causes of death were pneumonia(1), bleeding(1), acute renal failure(1), low cardiac output(1), third-degree A-V block(1), and ventricular tachycardia(1). The univariate analysis of mortality shows that NYHA class IV, LVEF<40%, lesser values for C.I, and longer time for ventilatory support were associated with the risk factors(p value=0.03, 0.001, 0.007, and 0.014). The emergent operation, CPB/ACC time, IABP support, ICU stay and hospital stay were not significant. Conclusion: We conclude that cardiac operation can be performed in septuagenarians with acceptable outcomes when done in patients with normal to moderately depressed left ventricular function and adequate functional reserves in their vital organs.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.224-232
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• 2010

This paper aims to identify the characteristics and the current situation of the architectural characteristics, children's characters using facilities, and status of management and utilization by surveying 'Day Service for Children' in Tokyo-do. First, About the status of management and utilization, 'Day Service for Children' is operated by a local government, NPO corporate group and social welfare corporate. There are not big differences of the care program or running hours depending on operating principals but there are differences depending on staff organization, number of children and space constitution. Also, infants ratio at 'Day Service for Children' is high for the purpose of detecting disability early and supporting their development early. They have diverse disabilities but developmental disabilities' ratios high and most children are using both this facility and normal nursery centers together. Samples for proper child care based on status of space constitutions were installing lock, raising door knobs and using softer floor materials which are for children's safety. For the problem of space utilization, most comments were about lack of space which is not enough for teaching and training materials. Therefore, as an example, observation rooms for parents and teachers were sometimes used as storages and it changes teachers' moving direction, staying area and behavior zone. The programs of 'Day Service for Children' are divided to group teaching and private one. It will be the best if they have separate spaces such as group class room, private class room and play room. When they were operated by NPO corporate group or Social welfare corporate, there are many cases that their space was not properly zoned for each activity.