• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.160-168
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• 2007

Conflicts of interest and independent agenda of the parties brought together for implementation of a construction project often leads to dispute in Contract and claim situations. Construction Industry is notorious for claim that is managed on its arising and there lacks an endeavor to minimize the breeding grounds through efficient planning and alignment to purpose, of all contract-documents. There failure of a concerted effort entails wastage of resources, delayed completion of facilities and stained relationships of parties when collide in mistrust in contract to win over the other. There needs a focus on the claim breeding issue and establish an effective mechanism to deal with disputes in urgency. Claim occurs mostly during the construction phase. But the seeds of claim and nutrients essential for development are contained in the contract documentation and the information supplied or not in pre-contract phase. Opportunity to prevent nutrients for seed of Claim comes to an end once tender-documents are finalized, the contract is awarded and established or not a mechanism for dealing with claim situation. The processes presented here would help in minimizing the breeding grounds and emergence of disputes during progression of works and dealing with eventualities in forceful manners for finding a resolution most effectively in relevant time.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.106-115
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• 1998

It has been suggested in the linguistics literature that quantification and distributivity are closely related phenomena and some linguists claimed that distributivity should be marked on quantifiers(determiners) as well as on predicates. I would challenge the claim that quantificational determiners should be classified in terms of distributivity. I suggest, on the empirical grounds, that distributivity is essentially a phenomenon over(one-place) predicates in a broad sense.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.14-32
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• 2019

Purpose - This study is designed to provide new insights on trade claim management by typifying trade claims from a relational perspective, which defines trade as an organic combination that exchanges relationships based on a mutual goal instead of conflicts between obligations and rights of the contracting parties. Design/methodology - This is a phenomenological study that aims to typify trade claims based on a relational perspective and extract implications for trade claim management. The research procedures of this study are as follows. First, international commercial dispute cases applying the CISG are collected. Second, the cases collected are quantified through content analysis. The variables for quantification are developed based on a relationship perspective. Third, cluster analysis is conducted on coded data to typify cases. And finally, this study compares the characteristics of each type using analysis of variance and suggests implications for the strategic management of trade claims from a relational perspective. Findings - Results show that trade claims are divided into four clusters, depending on whether flexibility is accepted or not and which party violates mutuality. There is also a difference between the claimant and the cause of the claim, according to the cluster. Based on the results, this study suggests that the buyer and the seller should employ different strategies depending on the type of trade claim and presents proposals for strategic claim management. Originality/value - Firstly, this study extends the theoretical discussion on trade claims by applying relational contract theory. Prior studies on trade claims have been primarily based on traditional contract theory. The second is to analyze trade claims quantitatively. Prior case studies on trade claims have mainly relied on qualitative research. Finally, the study contributes to international commercial practice by typifying trade claims and presenting options for strategic management.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.195-196
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• 2017

The number of human accidents in the construction industry is increasing every year, and it constitute the highest percentage among industry. This means that activities performed to prevent safety accidents in the country are not efficient to reduce the rate of accidents in the construction industry. In order to solve this issue, research has been conducted from various perspectives. But, research regarding to quantification model of human accidents is insufficient. the objective of this study is to conduct a basic study on quantification model development of human accidents. To achieve the objective, first, Cause of accident is defined the through literature review. Second, a basic statistic analysis is conducted to determine the characteristics of the accident causes. Third, the analysis is conducted after dividing into four categories : accumulate rate, season, total construction cost, and location. In the future, this study can be used as a reference for developing the safety management checklist for safety management in construction site and development of prediction models of human accident.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2018

한국 건설업의 재해율은 매년 증가하고 있는 추세이며 다른 산업에 비해 월등히 높다. 이는 국가차원에서 재해예방을 위해 수행하는 안전활동들이 건설산업의 재해율 감소에는 효과를 보이지 못한다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는, 인명사고 예측모델에 대한 프레임이 구축되어야 하며, 인명사고 발생형태에 대한 정량화 연구가 필요하다. 이에, 본 연구는 인명사고 발생형태의 불확실성을 정량화하고 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 통해 다양한 환경에서 어떻게 변화하는지 예측하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 첫째, 선행연구 고찰을 통해 인명사고 발생형태를 정의한다. 둘째, 14년 간 국내 건설현장에서 발생한 인명사고 및 보상지급액 데이터를 수집한다. 셋째, 발생형태별 특성을 파악하기 위해 수집된 데이터를 토대로 기술통계분석을 실시한다. 넷째, 인명사고 발생형태를 정량적으로 분석하기 위하여 발생형태별 사고 발생 확률과 보상지급액의 모수를 추정한다. 마지막으로 추정된 모집단을 토대로 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 실시하여 인명사고 발생형태별 분포 특징을 분석한다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 건설현장 안전관리 체크리스트 개발 및 인명사고 예측 모델 개발의 참고 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

It is difficult to combine oriental and western medicine. Each medicine has a different academic background, perspective on the world, and studying methodology. The claim that two paradigms can not be combined is not obtained from an actual verification, but this means it is so hard to combine two medicines having different backgrounds. The amalgamation of oriental and western medicine should be phased in on the basis of the continuous reciprocal understanding and commitment. First, the strength and weakness of each medicine over the treatment and research are required to be identified. Then, a few complementary areas can be chosen enabling a trial of fusion on a small scale. A cycle of problem solving and a new research can be set by analyzing research results obtained through the implementation over a period of time. In other words, the researchers of oriental and western medicine should repeat a continuous and gradual complementary research process by identifying issues to be improved and complemented through a consensus. Once the methodology obtained through the process of problem solving and proficient implementation is established in a stable condition, a method to widen the fusion area by expanding the operating area and implementation method can be chosen. However, the integral system of oriental medicine shouldn't be substituted by mechanical idea or reductionism. What should be done primarily for oriental medicine is to objectify things through quantification. In particular, the oriental treatment should accept the microscopic diagnosis to determine the structure and observe the biochemical change.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.45-46
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• 2019

Accident rate in domestic construction industry has been increased rapidly in every year. In particular, the rate of death has been shown very high compared with other industries. It means that safety activities performed by government is not effective in reducing the rate of accident. To solve these problems, the risk factors should be predicted in advance, controlled, monitored and managed from start of project to end of project. However, most studies have been conducted by using frequency of occurrence of accident and only listed the importance of risk. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide basic material to develop risk quantifying model for human accidents on construction site in South Korea. In the future, it is expected to be used as a reference of study on developing safety mangement checklist in construction industry and model for forecasting accident.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.611-619
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• 2018

현재까지의 건설 안전관리와 리스크에 관한 연구들은 건설현장 내부(근로자)에 한정되어 있어 건설현장 외부(제 3자)에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 그 결과, 건설현장 주변의 일반인들이 피해를 받고 있으며 산재 다발이라는 부정적인 이미지로 언론이나 일반 대중들에게 투영되고 있다. 일반 대중들에게 부정적인 이미지를 탈피하기 위해서는 건설현장 내부(공종, 건축물)에만 집중되어있는 기존의 안전관리가 아닌 건설 현장 외부(제 3자)에 대해서도 고려된 종합적 안전관리체계를 구축해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 건설 현장 외부(제 3자)의 인명사고 리스크를 정량화하고 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 활용하여 리스크가 어떻게 변화할 것인지 예측하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 첫째, 선행연구를 고찰하여 불안전한 상태와 인명사고 발생형태를 정의한다. 둘째, 14년 간 건설현장 외부에서 발생한 제 3자 인명 손해배상액 데이터를 수집한다. 셋째, 수집된 데이터의 사고내용을 분석하여 사고 발생분석 모델을 설정한다. 넷째, 리스크 정량화 모델을 구축하고 불안전한 상태, 인명사고 발생형태별 사고발생확률과 손해배상액 확률분포를 제시한다. 마지막으로 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 통해 도출된 사고 형태별 분포결과를 분석한다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 건설현장 내 외부 안전관리 체크리스트 개발 및 인명사고 예측 관리 시스템 개발의 참고 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2024

최근에 모발 케어 화장품 효능으로서 모발 보습 효과를 소구하려는 시도가 있지만 아직까지 모발 수분 추출을 어떤 온도에서 진행해야 하는지 평가법이 정해져 있지 않아 공인된 인체시험 평가가 없는 실정이다. 모발 수분 정량평가법을 확립하기 위해서 본 연구는 진행되었다. 모발 수분의 거동 패턴을 확인하기 위해 할로겐 수분 분석기로 온도를 다르게 하여 모발에 열을 가할 경우 수분 검출량은 가열 온도가 증가하면 계속 늘어나는 것을 확인하였다. 시차주사열량계로 모발의 흡열 반응 에너지를 평가한 결과 75 ℃ 부근에서 급격한 흡열 반응이 일어나는 특이한 현상을 관찰하였다. 인종별로 다른 모발에서도 이 현상은 관찰되었다. 모발 큐티클 장벽을 산화, 열로 손상시킨 모발에서는 급격히 상승하는 이 흡열 반응 온도가 조금 더 높은 77 ℃에서 일어났고, 이 모발을 극성오일 또는, 컨디셔닝 폴리머나 케라틴 단백질로 도포한 경우에는 73 ℃에서 관찰되었다. 이 반응이 모발 표면에서 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해서 원자현미경으로 마찰력을 관찰한 결과 75 ℃ 보다 높은 온도에서 가열할 때 큐티클 마찰력이 상승하고 그보다 높은 90 ℃에서는 변화가 없는 것을 관찰하였다. 마침내 75 ℃ 근처가 모발에 결합된 수분 분자의 탈착이 본격적으로 일어나는 임계온도임을 결론내렸다. 이를 통해 모발 수분을 검출해서 정량화하기 위한 조건으로 75 ℃가 가열온도로 최적합하고 이 때 검출된 수분량 10% 가량이 모발 케어 화장품 처리 전과 후를 비교할 수 있는 모발 수분 정량 기준값이 될 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2009

Acetabular dysplasia is a condition defined by inadequate development of an individual's acetabulum. Individual diversity of the symptoms in this disease needs safe and accurate preoperative planning. Technologies that utilize multidimensional image information are thus important. The assessment method by Janzen et al. was suggested a coefficient method in evaluation of acetabular dysplasia. In this study, we applied it, using a three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) on the koreans. 19 cases of the normal hips and 4 cases of the acetabular dysplasia were investigated to evaluate the proved method; 3D CT was used to define the geometric center of the femoral head and to measure center edge angles at $10^{\circ}$ rotational increments around the acetabular rim. Mean and standard deviation in CEAs (Center Edge Angle) of normal 19 hips at $10^{\circ}$ rotational increments from anterior to posterior rim were determined, and termed as a 'normal curve'. Then this normal values were compared with the CEA data measured from 4 cases of acetabular dysplasia patiens. Quantative comparison of the CEA values between the normal cases and dysplasia cases was successfully demonstrated, and thus, we claim that this simple CT method of assessing acetabular dysplasia can be well applicable to diagnosis, quantification and surgical planning for adult acetabular dysplasia patients.