• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.263-264
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• 2006

City Train Technology that is large and complex system and consists of mechanical, electronic, electric, materials, computer, communication, civil/track etc. is very important area of railway industry, national fundamental industry. The standardization of city train system as a public transportation method and foundation of national economy is very important in order to do effective operation and to get fundamental technology, and the information system of the standards is required to operate the city train system effectively. By building data base of city train system design knowledge using computer-aided system engineering tool-Cradle, the system development issues and the design solutions are used by all engaged persons, and are managed by modeling and documentation. And this system will support architecture design consistently and effectively by applying this system to formalize early development process, to system requirements and configuration management, to system interface analysis and management and to system behavior analysis etc.. This study is for construction of data base of system design knowledge through making data base of many kinds of standards using CASE tool based on System Engineering Process, and introduces a model to support concurrent engineering for all engineers involved in system development allowing access to standard DB through Web from anywhere and at anytime.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.261-262
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• 2006

City Train Technology that is large and complex system and consists of mechanical, electronic, electric, materials, computer, communication, civil/track etc. is very important area of railway industry, national fundamental industry. The standardization of city train system as a public transportation method and foundation of national economy is very important in order to do effective operation and to get fundamental technology, and the information system of the standards is required to operate the city train system effectively. By building data base of city train system design knowledge using computer-aided system engineering tool-Cradle, the system development issues and the design solutions are used by all engaged persons, and are managed by modeling and documentation. And this system will support architecture design consistently and effectively by applying this system to formalize early development process, to system requirements and configuration management, to system interface analysis and management and to system behavior analysis etc.. This study is for construction of data base of system design knowledge through making data base of many kinds of standards using CASE tool based on System Engineering Process, and introduces a model to support concurrent engineering for all engineers involved in system development allowing access to standard DB through Web from anywhere and at anytime.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.259-260
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• 2006

City Train Technology that is large and complex system and consists of mechanical, electronic, electric, materials, computer, communication, civil/track etc. is very important area of railway industry, national fundamental industry. The standardization of city train system as a public transportation method and foundation of national economy is very important in order to do effective operation and to get fundamental technology, and the information system of the standards is required to operate the city train system effectively. By building data base of city train system design knowledge using computer-aided system engineering tool-Cradle, the system development issues and the design solutions are used by all engaged persons, and are managed by modeling and documentation. And this system will support architecture design consistently and effectively by applying this system to formalize early development process, to system requirements and configuration management, to system interface analysis and management and to system behavior analysis etc.. This study is for construction of data base of system design knowledge through making data base of many kinds of standards using CASE tool based on System Engineering Process, and introduces a model to support concurrent engineering for all engineers involved in system development allowing access to standard DB through Web from anywhere and at anytime.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2015

This study was performed for both evaluating the safety of other processed products and providing basic information for making the general standard for contaminants in the category of other processed products. We analyzed the contents of three heavy metals, thirty six anti-impotence drugs and their analogues, three anti-obesity drugs and their analogues, twenty eight steroid drugs and their analogues, collecting in Incheon Metropolitan City. Any illegal compound was not detected in those products. However the contents of lead, cadmium and mercury of those products were at the range of 0.001-13.390 mg/kg, 0.03-1.231 mg/kg and 0.001-0.650 mg/kg respectively. Because there are no standards of heavy metals against other processed products, we compared the analytical results with relevant standards of both S. Korea and foreign countries. As a result, two products exceeded the relevant standards of lead, and other two products exceeded the relevant standards of mercury. The relative hazards compared to PTWI of FAO/WHO (Codex), Seafoods-pajeonmix, Perilla seed powder exceeded PTWI standards 0.214. The compulsory standards of each food product are determined by the category of the products. Because there is no standard of heavy metals in the category of other processed products in S. Korea, any food products registered as other processed product by manufacturer are free with those standards. Abusing similar problems on the categorization of food products could cause consumers' health problem. To prevent these problems, detail regulations on the categorization of food products have to be introduced.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.1471-1480
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• 2020

This research presents a case study on the remediation of a radioactive waste (uranium: U) utilizing a multi-objective fuzzy optimization in an electrocoagulation process for the iron-stainless steel and aluminum-stainless steel anode/cathode systems. The incorporation of the cumulative uncertainty of result, operational cost and energy consumption are essential key elements in determining the feasibility of the developed model equations in satisfying specific maximum contaminant level (MCL) required by stringent environmental regulations worldwide. Pareto-optimal solutions showed that the iron system (0 ㎍/L U: 492 USD/g-U) outperformed the aluminum system (96 ㎍/L U: 747 USD/g-U) in terms of the retained uranium concentration and energy consumption. Thus, the iron system was further carried out in a multi-objective analysis due to its feasibility in satisfying various uranium standard regulatory limits. Based on the 30 ㎍/L MCL, the decision-making process via fuzzy logic showed an overall satisfaction of 6.1% at a treatment time and current density of 101.6 min and 59.9 mA/㎠, respectively. The fuzzy optimal solution reveals the following: uranium concentration - 5 ㎍/L, cumulative uncertainty - 25 ㎍/L, energy consumption - 461.7 kWh/g-U and operational cost based on electricity cost in the United States - 60.0 USD/g-U, South Korea - 55.4 USD/g-U and Finland - 78.5 USD/g-U.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.429-437
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• 2020

The paper investigates the antecedents of Organic Food (OF) produce in Vietnam and the intentions and behavior of OF purchasers. A theoretical framework is developed and evaluated by simulation of the structural model. Data was collected from a convenient sample of 222 consumers from Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. The selection included 159 (72%) women, who were identified as being the primary buyers of organic food for their family (73%). Findings suggest food hygiene issues and conscientious self-identity as the much beneficial determinants of organic production perceptions. Because of the results in this report, the consideration for food security has gained little research consideration throughout the field of organic produce. Food safety concerns are also related to academics exploring consumer confidence as they might be regarded as one of their aspects in selecting standard, natural or health food products. Findings suggest food security as one of the essential determinants of motivation, while health awareness purports to become the least significant motivation, contrary to observations from certain previous studies. However, it is observed that moral personality-identity influences both perceptions and willingness to buy organic food, stressing that the association of participants with ethical concerns influences their perceptions and eventual choices of consumption.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2022

Background: Air pollution is increasing together with industrialization and urbanization. In order to reduce air pollution, public transportation is recommended rather than private cars, and the number of passengers using public transportation is increasing accordingly. This study observes the concentration of indoor pollutants in city buses over time. Through this means, we intend to suggest a plan to manage the indoor air quality in city buses. Objectives: The concentration of indoor pollution in public transportation was investigated from April 2021 to January 2022. Based on this, we evaluated the exposure to indoor pollutants. Methods: Six city bus lines in an industrial city were selected for the research, and indoor pollution was measured through IoT (Internet of Things)-based sensor-type measuring devices. The concentration of pollutants was measured every minute, and statistical data were constructed based on the measurement results. Results: In all the city buses studied, the average concentration of pollutants were below the guidelines. However, some measurement results showed cases of exceeding the guidelines. As a result of the analysis by time zone, there were more cases in which pollutants exceeded the standard value during rush hour compared to at other times. A risk assessment for PM₁₀ was performed by evaluating the excess mortality risk from exposure and the risk from inhalation exposure. Conclusions: All measured indoor pollutants in the city buses did not exceed the guidelines. Also, the risk assessment results were found to be within the level of safety. However, if a city bus is used for a long time, there is a possibility that there may be an impact on the human body due to inhalation exposure, so additional management is required.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of job stress on the patient safety nursing activities among nurses. Methods: The subjects of the study are 258 nurses working at 15 small-medium sized hospitals in D city. Data analysis was done using frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}test$, Pearson's correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression. Results: The job stress scored average 3.67 and patient safety nursing activity scored average 4.35. Job stress was positively associated with patient safety nursing activity. It explains 9.49% of the variance. Conclusion: Universal and inevitable job stress among nurses should not exceed optimum level to assure patient safety. So, personal and organizational efforts to manage job stress are needed.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2002

Hydraulic pumps are used to control the landing wheels of aircrafts, and their proper operation is vital to plane safety It is well hewn that adhesive wear failure is a major cause of pump failure. A dual nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation process calling for the implantation of nitrogen at two different energies and doses has been developed to enhance the surface properties of the disks in the pumps. The procedures meet the strict temperature requirement of <200$^{\circ}C$, and after the treatment, the working lifetime of the pumps increases by more than a factor of two. This experimental protocol has been adopted by the hydraulic pump factory as a standard manufacturing procedure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2015

This study was conducted as a descriptive study with the aim of identifying the effects of safety knowledge and safety control on early childhood teachers' safety performance. Data collection for the study was carried out between October $10^{th}$ and $30^{th}$, 2014 by surveying 187 early childhood teachers working in child day care center and kindergarten located in P, K, & Y city. Measures were subjects' safety knowledge, safety control, and safety performance. For the analysis of the data, the statistical methods of frequency, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis were employed. When the category of safety performance was analyzed by general features, marital status, educational career, and degree of assistance of safety education, there were significant differences. Safety performance correlated positively with safety knowledge and safety control. Factors affecting early childhood teachers' safety performance were identified in the order of safety knowledge and safety control and the explanatory power was 60.0%. The findings of the study indicate that in order to increase early childhood teachers' safety performance, their safety knowledge and safety control have to be enhanced.