• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 1998

Plasma amino acid concentration and Urinary exretion of free amino acids were measured in health female vegetarians(n=20, 19.9 $\pm$0.43 years old ) and age-mateched imnivores(n=20, 21.9$\pm$0.38years old) in Korean. differences infasting plasma amino acid concentrations and plasma aminogram pattern were not spectacular between the vegetarian and omnivore controls. Compared to the omnivores, vegetarians showed significantly lower plasma levels of methionine , phenylalanine, $\alpha$-aminobutyrate, citrulline, phosposerine and tarurine, and significantly higher plasma concentrations of arginine, $\alpha$-aminobutyrate, cirtrulline, phosphosierine and taurine, and significantly higher plasma concentrations of arginine, $\alpha$-aminoadipate, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate and ornithine. Although these differences were statistically significant, they were all within the normal range (21~70% differences )for human adults. Most of the urinary amino acids (nmol/mg creatinine or $\mu$mol/24 hr urine) were excreted to significantly lesser degree in vegetarians than was the case in omnivore controls. For almost every individual free amino acid, plasma concentration did not significantly correlate with urinary excretion level. These results indicate that vegetarians excreted less amino acids in their urine than did dominivores, most probably in an effort to maintain amino acid homeostasis to an altered dietary protein intake level and/or amino acid composition of their diets.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

To determine the nutritional value of domestic tomatoes, the levels of amino acids, amino acid metabolites, and the bioactive compound ${\gamma}-aminobutyric-acid$ (GABA) were analyzed in three domestic tomato varieties (Rafito, Momotaro, and Medison). Eighteen free amino acids were found, and total free amino acid content was 3,810.21~4,594.56 mg/100 g (dry weight). L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) was the most abundant amino acid, ranging from 1,866.60 mg/100 g for Momotaro to 2,417.45 mg/100 g for Medison. The next most abundant amino acids were L-glutamine (L-Gln) and L-aspartic acid (L-Asp). The three tomato varieties had a good balance of all the essential amino acids except tryptophan. Total essential amino acid content was 274.26~472.71 mg/100 g (dry weight). The following amino acid metabolites were found: L-carnitine (L-Car), hydroxylysine (Hyl), o-phosphoethanolamine (o-Pea), phosphoserine (p-Ser), ${\beta}-alanine$ (${\beta}-Ala$), N-methyl-histidine (Me-His), ethanolamine (EtNH2),and L-citrulline(L-Cit). Large quantities of GABA were found in all three varieties: 666.95-868.48 mg/100g (dry weight). These results support the use of these tomato varieties as nutritious food materials.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1994

Nitric oxide(NO) synthase was identified and characterized by determining the L-citrulline formed in the NO-Arg pathway in pancreatic tissues. NO synthase activities in chicken pancreas were dependent upon the concentration of L-Arg which is the substrate molecule for the NO synthase, the amount of the enzyme protein used, and linearly on the incubation time. NO synthase in mouse pancreas was found to be constitutive, not induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment. In vitro NO synthase activities of chicken pancreas were inhibited 36%, 21%, 12% and 44% by $200\;{\mu}M$ of MMA, DMA, D'MA and NAME respectively. These results suggest the presence of NO and NO synthase in the pancreas.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 2010

A total of 16 crossbred post-weaning pigs (10.64${\pm}$0.27 kg BW) were individually penned and assigned to one of two treatments to investigate the influences of diquat-induced oxidative stress on performance and arginine metabolism. Pigs in the oxidative stress group were injected intra-peritoneally with 10 mg/kg BW of diquat, while the control group were injected with isotonic saline. All pigs were fed ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 7 days. The results indicated that compared with control treatment, oxidative stress induced by diquat significantly decreased average daily gain, intake and feed conversion. The treatment decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes, increased concentration of malondialdehyde in plasma, increased cationic amino acid transporter-1 mRNA level and activity of ornithine aminotransferase and concentrations of arginine and citrulline in the jejunum, decreased the concentrations of arginine in plasma and kidney, and decreased induced nitric oxide synthase mRNA level. It is concluded that oxidative stress induced by diquat can influence absorption and metabolism of arginine and consequently modify the requirement of arginine for post-weaning pigs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.185-185
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• 1996

Nitric oxide synthase(NO Synthase:E.C.1.14.13.39)는 생체내에서 L-arginine을 기질로 하여 citrulline과 nitric oxide(NO)를 생성하는 효소로서, 최근 연구에 의하면 2/3 부분 간 절제술 후 prereplicative phase동안에 발현되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 한편, 생체내에서 NO Synthase에 상경적 길항제인 methylarginine에 관해서도 수년간 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 이들의 생성 기전은 protein methylation에 의해 생성된 methylated protein이 생체 내에서 분해되어 생성된다고 알려져 있으나, 정확한 기전에 대해서는 아직 논란의 여지가 많다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 In vivo 실험을 통해 부분 간 절제술 후 시간대별로 간 조직에서의 NO Synthase 활성도와 혈청에서 NO의 최종 대사물인 Nitrite/Nitrate를 측정하였으며, 또한 NO Synthase 조절에 관여하는 세포내 기질인 arginine과 억제 인자인 methylarginine함량을 간 조직 및 혈청에서 측정하고, 세포 신호 전달체계에 관여하는 cyclic GMP 함량을 측정함으로써, 부분 간 절제술 후 간 재생동안에 NO Synthase 활성도와 methylarginine 및 arginine과의 상관 관계를 규명하고, 간 재생동안, 생성된 nitric oxide의 역할을 연구하려한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.184-184
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• 1996

Nitric Oxide Synthase(NO synthase: EC.1.14.13.39)는 생체내에서 L-arginine을 기질로 하여 nitric oxide(NO)와 L-citrulline의 생성을 매개하는 효소로서 뇌, 간장, 신장, 체장등 대부분의 주요장기와 근육세포, 신경세포 등 거의 모든 조직에 분포하고 있다. NO synthase에 의해 생성되는 NO는 혈관이완작용, 신경전달 물질로서의 작용, 면역 담당세포에서의 세포 독작용 등 많은 생리현상에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 체장에서는 췌외분비 기능의 항진에 있어 세포내 cGMP level의 변동이 NO와 연관된다는 사실에 주목하고 있으며 본연구실에서도 이에 관한 연구가 진행중이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소 췌조직의 100,000$\times$g cytosol을 효소원으로 하여 다음과 같이 NO synthase의 분리, 정제를 시행하였다. Ammonium sulfate로 30%(176g solid ammonium sulfate/$\ell$) 포화, 침전 후 2',5'-ADP agarose 및 calmodulin-agarose affinity chromatography를 연속적으로 시행하여 NO synthase를 분리하였으며 electrophoresis상에서 약 160kd의 분자량을 나타내었다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 1999

A highly productive fed-batch fermentation process was developed for the production of L-ornithine by using a new stabilized strain, Breviabcterium ketoglutamicum BK52. Fed-batch cultures with a continuous feeding of the complex medium were conducted on various operating conditions. The optimal concentration of phosphate in the complex medium was 2.1g/L. The optimal feeding rate of L-arginine was 0.028g/L/hr. The optimal feeding point of the complex medium was determined to be at 40 OD of the cell mass. The final L-ornithine concentrations within 64hrs of cultivation in 5 and 50 liter fermenters were 73g/L and 71g/L, respectively. The maximum overall L-ornithine productivity was 1.14g/L/hr which was about 2 times higher than that of the conventional fed-batch culture with intermittent feeding. The overall productivity of the fermentation system is remarkably improved by employing the optimized conditions, and it offers a significant potential for industrial application.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 1994

The activities of nitric oxide synthase and the contents of methylarginines were investigated in the pancreatic tissues of various animals by citrulline-forming method and HPLC, respectively. The high level of in vitro NO synthase activity was detected in chicken pancreas whereas MMA, the strong competitive inhibitor for NO synthase, was detected as trace in the same tissue. On the other hand, the low level of NO synthase activity was observed in the porcine pancreas while the contents of MMA were high. However, it was not possible to find any relationship between NO synthase activities and the contents of dimethylarginines at present time. D'MA was equally distributed among the pancreatic tissues of various animals but DMA was not.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.211-219
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• 2005

Trigeminovascular system plays an important role for the cerebral memodynamics. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in cerebrovascular reactivity by trigeminovascular system injury in rats. Trigeminovascular system of male Sprague-Dawley rats was injured by either denervation of nasocilliary nerve or neonatal capsaicin treatment. Trigeminovascular system was stimulated by controlled hemorrhagic hypotension or somatosensory (whisker) stimulation. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and pial arterial diameter were continuously measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry and videomicroscopy, respectively. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in cerebral cortex was determined by measuring the conversion of $L-^3H-arginine\;to\;L-^3H-citrulline$. Cyclic GMP levels in cerebral cortex and pial artery were determined using the cyclic GMP $^{125}I$ scintillation proximity assay system. rCBF autoregulation was impaired or almost abolished by trigeminovascular system injury. rCBF response to whisker stimulation was significantly attenuated by trigeminovascular system injury. NOS activity as well as cyclic GMP level in cerebral cortex and pial artery were significantly reduced in the group of trigeminovascular system injury. These results suggest that trigeminovascular system injury causes prominent alterations in cerebrovascular reactivity, and that NO, which is generated by neuronal NOS in the trigeminovascular system, is implicated in the regulation of rCBF.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.313-317
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• 2018

This study investigated the nutritional composition of green pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. DangZo). Specifically vitamin C, minerals and amino acids content in green peppe were measured. The crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat contents of green pepper were found to be 0.64, 2.10 and 1.20 g/100 g, respectively. The ascorbic acid content in green pepper was 99.34 mg/100 g. The K content was found to be the highest with regard to mineral. This was followed by P, Mg, Na, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn which means green pepper is an alkali material. The K, P, Mg, Na, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn contents of green pepper found to be 980, 68.33, 60, 34.14, 30.88, 5.87, 5.25 and 3.07 mg/100 g respectively. The total amino acid content ranged from 7.0 to 1,625.3 mg/100 g, respectively. With regard to amino acid contents, arginine and citrulline were found to be abundant. From the results, green pepper could be suggested as beneficial for food processing.