• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1463-1468
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• 2007

Emission of methyl bromide(MeBr) of soil fumigant was implicated in stratospheric ozone depletion. To determine the environmental fate for 1,3-dichloropene(1,3-D) of alternatives fumigants for MeBr, this paper researched the transformation for 1,3-D in water and soil. Half lives of cis-1,3-D in water with first-order kinetics are 9.9day and 1.7day at $25^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$, half lives of trans-1,3-D are 8.6day and 1.5day at $25^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$, respectively. Transformation for 1,3-D in water at high temperature faster then at low temperature. Hydrolysis for 1,3-D in water are unaffected at $pH\;2.5{\sim}pH\;10.0$, but hydrolysis for 1,3-D at pH 11.5 higher then at $pH\;2.5{\sim}pH\;10.0$. Half lives of cis-1,3-D in soil are 11.5day and 7.7day at 3% and 10% of soil moisture, half lives of trans-1,3-D are 9.9day and 6.9day at 3% and 10% of soil moisture, respectively. Transformation for 1,3-D in water increased with increasing soil moisture. Transformation for trans-1,3-D isomer are more rapid then cis-1,3-D isomer in water and soil. This research has identified that transformation for 1,3-dichloropropene are affected by temperature, pH, soil moisture, and isomer of cis and trans in water and soil.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.64-69
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• 2013

In this paper, a high-speed CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) based on a 10-bit two-step single-slope A/D converter is proposed. The A/D converter is composed of both a 5-bit coarse ADC and a 6-bit fine ADC, and the conversion speed is 10 times faster than that of the single-slope A/D converter. In order to have a small noise characteristics, further, a Digital Correlated Double Sampling(D-CDS) is also discussed. The proposed A/D converter has been fabricated with 0.13um 1-poly 4-metal CIS process, and it has a QVGA($320{\times}240$) resolution. The fabricated chip size is $5mm{\times}3mm$, and the power consumption is about 35mW at 3.3V supply voltage. The measured conversion speed is 10us, and the frame rate is 220 frames/s.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.896-904
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• 2001

Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) is a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid(LA) and exhibits anticarcinogenic activity in multiple experimental animal models. Cis-9,trns-11(c9t11) and trans-10,cis-12(t10c12) CLA are the principal isomers found in foods. The present study was performed to determine whether CLA and the two isomers inhibits HT-29 cell proliferation and to assess whether such an effect was related to changes in secretion of eicosanoids. Cells were incubated in serum-free medium with various concentrations(0 to 20$\mu$M) of CLA or LA. CLA inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal inhibition(70 $\pm$ 1%) observed at 20$\mu$M concentration after 96 hours. However, LA had no effect at the same concentration range. To compare the ability of c9f11 and t10c12 to inhibit cell proliferation, cells were incubated with increasing concentrations(0 to 4$\mu$M) of these isomers. T10c12 inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. A 66 $\pm$ 2% decrease in cell number was observed within 96 hours after addition of 4$\mu$M t10c12. By contrast, c9t11 had no effect. The concentrations of CLA and the two isomers in the plasma membrane were increased when they were added to the incubation medium. However, they did not alter the levels of arachidonic acid in plasma membrane. To assess whether the proliferation inhibiting effect of CLA was related to changes in eicosanoid production, prostaglandin E$_2$(PGE$_2$) and leukotriene B$_4$(LTB$_4$) concentrations in conditioned media were estimated by a competitive enzyme immunoassay. Both CLA and t10c12 increased the production of materials reactive to PGE$_2$ and LTB$_4$ antibodies in a dose-dependent manner. By contrast, c9t11 had no effect. These results indicate that inhibition of HT-29 cell proliferation by CLA is attributed to the effect of the t10v12 isomer. The materials reactive to PGE$_2$ and LTB$_4$ antibodies may inhibit growth stimulatory effect of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids on HT-29 cell proliferation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2003

Numerous physiological effects are attributed to conjugated linoleic acid(CLA). The purpose of this study is to consider these effects with respect to the cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer. Both isomers are natural products. The c9,t11-CLA isomer is the principal dietary form of CLA, but the concentrations of this isomer and the t10,c12-CLA Isomer in dairy products or beef vary depending on the diet fed to cows or steers, respectively. The influence of dietary CLA isomers on the immune response was examined, body weight and weight ratio of organ to body of Balb/C mice. Mice were divided into four groups of 8 mice. Balb/C mice were fed the experimental diets supplemented with 1% CLA (c9,t11-CLA isomer : t10,c12-CLA isomer = 2:3) (Group 1), 1% CLA (c9,t11-CLA isomer t10,c12-CLA isomer : 1:1) (Group 2), 1% safflower oil (Group 3) or nothing (Control) for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, serum, gut lumen lavage, fat, liver, spleen and thymus were taken. Measurement of total immunoglobulin were executed using sandwich ELISA. Serum levels of IgA and IgM showed that group fed with t10,c12-CLA isomer significantly were higher than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. In addition serum level of IgG showed that group fed with t10,c9-CLA isomer significantly were lower than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. However, no significantly differences were observed in the serum IgE and secretory IgA. Weight ratio of spleen to body showed no significant differences. In weight ratio of liver and thymus to body, tl0,c9-CLA isomer significantly were respectively higher than group fed with c9,t11-CLA isomer. In weight ratio of fat to body, tl0,c9-CLA isomer significantly were respectively lower than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. In conclusion, t10,c12-CLA isomer produced a situation favorable for immunopotentiative effect and body composition. But it should be protected against hepatomegaly induced lipid accumulation in liver.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.679-683
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• 2006

A feeding trial was conducted with 10 sheep for 12 weeks to examine the effect of soybean oil (SBO) supplementation on long-chain fatty acids composition, especially cis9,trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) in fat tissues. Sheep were fed either a SBO supplemented diet (5%, DM basis) or a control diet without SBO. Chopped rye grass hay was fed as roughage. Concomitant increases in contents of total cholesterol (T-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the plasma of sheep were observed from the SBO supplementation. The supplementation of SBO reduced (p<0.05) the proportions of $C_{16:1}$, $C_{17:0}$ and $C_{17:1}$ but increased (p<0.05) the proportions of $C_{18:0}$ and octadecenoic acid (t11-$C_{18:1}$) in the intramuscular fat. The $C_{18:0}$ proportion only in the subcutaneous fat was increased (p<0.05) by the SBO supplementation. The SBO supplementation slightly increased CLA proportion in the intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.719-725
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• 1994

Kinetic studies were carried out for substitution reaction of $cis-[Co(NH_3)_4Cl(OH_2)]^{2+}(\mu$ = 0.75) with GlyOR (R = $C_2H_5$, $CH_3$, H) in pH 5 buffer solution at $20^{\circ}C$ by UV/Vis-spectrophotometry. We obtained cis-[Co$(NH_3)_4$Cl(glyOR)]$^{2+}$ as product. The reaction turns out to be first order for Co(III) and GlyOR, respectively. The rate constants are obtained as 9.21, 11.66 and 15.33 l${\cdot}\;mol^{-1}{\cdot}sec^{-1}$ for GlyOEt, GlyOMt and GlyOH, respectively. The activation parameters $E_a,\;{\Delta}H^{\neq}\;and\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}$ for GlyOEt were obtained as 65.77, 63.35 kJ/mol and -53.51(e.u.), respectively and were obtained as 70.91, 68.50 kJ/mol and -38.42(e.u.) for GlyOMt. In case of GlyOH, respectable values of 79.72, 77.30 kJ/mol and -26.59(e.u.) were obtained. On the basis of kinetic data and the observed activation parameters, we propose that the proper mechanism involves $S_N$2 step.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1998

The authors attempted utilization of fatty acid composition of vibrios as a tool for identification of the strains. Fatty acid of 49 strains of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, V. cholerae O1, V mimicus, V vulinificus and V parahaemolyticus was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography column. According to the statistical analysis of the fatty acid data, the relationship between the Vibrio species and serotypes of the strains was discussed. Forty one kinds of fatty acid were detected from the tested strains and 35 kinds of fatty acids among the detected fatty acids were significant factors to identify the vibrios. The predominant fatty acids were 16:0, 16:1 cis 9, 18:1 trans 9/6/cis 11 and 15:0 iso 2OH/16:1 cis 9 as above about 20% in total. Fatty acid compositions of the Vibrio species were an important factor in identifying their subspecies either predominant fatty acids or minor ones. According to the analysed results by a conventional statistical processing method (UPGMA) and prepared dendrogram, V cholerae non-01 had more closer relationship with V. mimicus compared with V. cholerae 01. Moreover, the distribution of hydroxy acid was a significant factor for identifying V cholerae subspecies. Comprising all the 10 serotypes detected from V. cholerae non-01 examined such as O2, O5, O8, O10, O14, O27, O37, O39, O45 and O69, we could group them into seven subspecies by cluster analysis with the similarity value of fatty acid composition as above 92%. It means that there is a significant relationship between serotypes and fatty acid composition of V. cholerae. These results indicated that numerical analysis of fatty acid composition data of V cholerae non-01 could classifY them into subspecies, and also which may provide a useful epidemiologic information or a basis for further analysis such as PCR and DNA probe analysis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.93-95
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• 2004

Eleven triterpenoids, colubrinic acid (1), alphitolic acid (2), 3-O-cis-p-coumaroyl alphitolic acid (3), 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl alphitolic acid (4), 3-O-cis-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid (5), 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid (6), betulinic acid (7), oleanolic acid (8), betulonic acid (9), oleanonic acid (10), and zizyberenalic acid (11), were isolated from the fruits of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. A simple and rapid HPLC method, using a $C_{18}$ column, has been developed for the quantitative analysis of these compounds 1 (0.74%),2 (0.09%), 3 (0.19%), 4 (0.19%), 5 (0.08%),6 (0.08%), 7 (0.41%), 8 (0.05%), 9 (0.50%),10 (0.59%), and 11 (0.19%).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.725-729
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• 1991

Unsaturated all-cis-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic(arachidonic), 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic, 10, 13-octadecadienoic acid ethyl ester and a lot of chimyl alcohol were isolated along with common 9-hexadecenoic acid ethyl ester from marine mollusca Bullacta exarata collected from sangnackworl island in the Korea sea. In addition, cholesterol and its fatty acid ester were obtained. Their structures were deduced from $^1H-$and $^{13}C$-NMR, GC-ms, and FT-IR spectra.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2000

The photoemission and excitation spectra of cis-[Cr(cyclam)F$_2$]ClO$_4$ (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacy-clotetradecane) taken at 77 K are reported. The 298 K mid- and far-infrared spectra are also measured. The vibrational intervals of the electronic ground state are extracted from the far-infrared and emission spectra. The ten electronic bands due to spin-allowed and spin-forbidden transitions are assigned. The zero-phonon line In the excitation spectrum splits into two components by 169 cm$^{1}$, and the large $^2$E$_{g}$ splitting can be reproduced by the ligand field theory. According to the ligand field analysis, we can confirm that nitrogen atoms of the cyclam ligand have a strong c-donor character, and fluoride ligand also has strong $\sigma$- and $\pi$-donor properties toward chromium(III) ion.n.