• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2019

1인가구주의 종사상지위와 연령에 따라 음주, 흡연 등의 건강행태에 차이가 있는지를 비교하고자 종사상지위 및 연령별로 층화추출하여 조사를 실시하였다(총 566명). 분석결과에 따르면, 음주빈도에서는 연령별 유의적 차이가 발견되었으며(p<0.001), 흡연여부(p<0.001) 및 흡연량(p<0.001)에서도 연령별 유의적 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 금연 계획에서는 정규직이 다른 집단에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났고(p<0.05), 금연이유에 대해서는 담뱃값 부담 때문이라는 응답이 20대에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.001). 전체적으로 볼 때, 음주 및 흡연 등의 건강행태에서는 종사상지위와 같은 사회경제적 특성보다는 연령 등과 같은 개인적 특성이 더 유의적인 영향을 준다고 할 수 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis can result in anatomical sequelae, and cause airflow limitation. However, there are no treatment guidelines for patients with a tuberculosis-destroyed lung. Recently, indacaterol effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with Tuberculosis history (INFINITY) study revealed indacaterol provided bronchodilation and symptom improvement in COPD patients with a tuberculosis-destroyed lung. Methods: We conducted a post-hoc subgroup analysis of the randomized controlled trial, the INFINITY study, to determine factors associated with indacaterol response in a tuberculosis-destroyed lung with airflow limitation. Data from 68 patients treated with inhaled indacaterol, were extracted and analyzed. Factors associated with the response of forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) to indacaterol treatment, were determined using linear regression analysis. Results: Of 62 patients included, 68% were male, and 52% had history of cigarette smoking. Patients revealed mean $FEV_1$ of 50.5% of predicted value with mean improvement of 81.3 mL in $FEV_1$ after indacaterol treatment for 8 weeks. Linear regression analysis revealed factors associated with response of $FEV_1$ to indacaterol included a short duration of smoking history, and high short-acting bronchodilator response. When patients with history of smoking were excluded, factors associated with response of $FEV_1$ to indacaterol included high short-acting bronchodilator response, and poor health-related quality of life score as measured by St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD. Conclusion: In a tuberculosis-destroyed lung with airflow limitation, short-acting bronchodilator response and smoking history can play a critical role in predicting outcomes of indacaterol treatment.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2022

화재감지기는 비화재보가 많이 발생함에 따라서 신속하게 감지기를 확인해야 하지만 일반감지기는 주소기능이 없어 신속한 대응에 한계가 있다. 주소 기능을 갖는 아날로그감지기 등을 적용하면 해결되지만 기존 공동주택의 경우 교체기간, 교체 비용, 선로의 사용 등의 문제로 인해 설비의 전면 교체에는 한계가 있다. 이에 별도로 기존아파트에 적용성을 고려한 맞춤형 설비가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 기존아파트의 특성을 고려하여 주소형 감지기와 중계기를 설계하여 중계기에서 감지기 위치를 확인할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 주소형 감지기는 정온식과 광전식 감지기를 설계하였으며, 주소형 중계기는 FND를 추가하여 감지기 위치 확인이 가능하게 하였다. 선로의 종류, 길이를 고려하여 성능검증을 하였으며, 단선에러 동작과 일반감지기와의 호환성 등을 추가 검증하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2021

Background: For generations, cigarette smoking has presented an important public health concern. This study aimed to compare the health-promoting behavior, exercise capacity, physical activity level, health literacy, and knowledge level of smoking-related diseases between smokers and non-smokers. Methods: The study included 71 smokers (mean age, 32.69±8.55 years) and 72 non-smokers (mean age, 31.88±9.94 years) between the ages of 20 and 60 years. Assessments included a 6-minute walking test (6MWT), Godin Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), Cardiovascular Risk Factors Knowledge Level Scale (CARRF-KL), Asthma/COPD Awareness Questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref questionnaire (WHOQoL-Bref [TR]), and Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Results: The results from the study show that the number of coronary artery disease risk factors measured significantly higher among the smoker group members when compared to that of the non-smoker group members (p=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower %6MWT distance than non-smokers (84.83±4.72 and 93.45±7.16, respectively; p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the smokers and non-smokers in terms of physical activity, CARRF-KL, HLQ, WHOQoL-Bref, and HPLP-II subscales or total scores (p>0.05). Additionally, while only forty-one smokers (57.7%) were active, 48 of the non-smoker group was active (66.7%). Conclusion: Smokers suffer greater negative effects to their exercise capacity in comparison to non-smokers. Although smokers and non-smokers have similar levels of health literacy and similar levels of knowledge about cardiovascular disease risk factors and obstructive lung diseases, health professionals could continue to further increase individuals' awareness of smoking-related risk factors and continue to emphasize the importance of physical activity and exercise for protecting cardiopulmonary health.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze auricular acupressure and auricular acupuncture used in smoking cessation research by analyzing published randomized controlled trials. Eight databases (PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CNKI, CiNII, KMbase, KISS, OASIS) were searched until December 2021, and 21 out of 1,919 studies met inclusion criteria. Data on the treatment site, time, frequency, period, and outcomes were analyzed. Lung (MA-IC1) and Ear Shenmen (MA-TF1) were the most used acupoints. The number of treatments varied between a minimum of 2 to a maximum of 24, and treatment duration varied between a minimum of 2 weeks to a maximum of 8 weeks. Cigarette consumption and smoking cessation rate were the most studied outcome, followed by multiple other psychological indications.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.496-504
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• 2022

Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) is considered a principal cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with mucus hypersecretion and airway inflammation. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a product of ginsenoside metabolism, has various biological activities. Studies on the effects of CK for the treatment of COPD and mucus hypersecretion, including the underlying signaling mechanism, have not yet been conducted. Methods: To study the protective effects and molecular mechanism of CK, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells were used as a cellular model of airway inflammation. An experimental mouse COPD model was also established via CS inhalation and intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 secretion, as well as elastase activity and reactive oxygen species production, were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory cell influx and mucus secretion in mouse lung tissues were estimated using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-schiff staining, respectively. PKCδ and its downstream signaling molecules were analyzed via western blotting. Results: CK prevented the secretion of MUC5AC and TNF-α in PMA-stimulated NCI-H292 cells and exhibited a protective effect in COPD mice via the suppression of inflammatory mediators and mucus secretion. These effects were accompanied by an inactivation of PKCδ and related signaling in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: CK suppressed pulmonary inflammation and mucus secretion in COPD mouse model through PKC regulation, highlighting the compound's potential as a useful adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of COPD.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.56-71
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• 2021

Objectives: This study is aimed to evaluate the protective effects of GGX on lung injury of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) mice model. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and then treated with vehicle only (Control group), dexamethasone 3 mg/kg (Dexa group), gam-gil-tang 200 mg/kg (GGT group), GGX 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (GGX group). After sacrifice, its bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or lung tissue was analyzed with cytospin, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hematoxylin & eosin (H&E), and Masson's trichrome staining. Results: In the COPD model, GGX significantly inhibited the increase of neutrophils, TNF-𝛼, IL-17A, CXCL-1, MIP2 in BALF and TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, IL-10 mRNA expression in lung tissue. It also decreased the severity of histological lung injury. Conclusion: This study suggests the usability of GGX for COPD patients by controlling lung tissue injury.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.193-210
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• 2024

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model for the sexual experiences of adolescents using the random forest method and to identify the "variable importance." Methods: The study utilized data from the 2019 to 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which included 86,595 man and 80,504 woman participants. The number of independent variables stood at 44. SPSS was used to conduct Rao-Scott χ² tests and complex sample t-tests. Modeling was performed using the random forest algorithm in Python. Performance evaluation of each model included assessments of precision, recall, F1-score, receiver operating characteristics curve, and area under the curve calculations derived from the confusion matrix. Results: The prevalence of sexual experiences initially decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but later increased. "Variable importance" for predicting sexual experiences, ranked in the top six, included week and weekday sedentary time and internet usage time, followed by ease of cigarette purchase, age at first alcohol consumption, smoking initiation, breakfast consumption, and difficulty purchasing alcohol. Conclusion: Education and support programs for promoting adolescent sexual health, based on the top-ranking important variables, should be integrated with health behavior intervention programs addressing internet usage, smoking, and alcohol consumption. We recommend active utilization of the random forest analysis method to develop high-performance predictive models for effective disease prevention, treatment, and nursing care.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between smoking and clinical outcomes of hook plate fixation for acute acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries. Methods: This study retrospectively investigated 82 patients who underwent hook plate fixation for acute AC joint dislocation between March 2014 to June 2022. The patients were grouped by smoking status, with 49 in group N (nonsmokers) and 33 in group S (smokers). Functional scores and active range of motion were compared among the groups at the 1-year follow-up. Coracoclavicular distance (CCD) was measured, and difference with the uninjured side was compared at initial injury and 6 months after implant removal. Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in demographic factors such as age and sex, as well as parameters related to initial injury status, which included time from injury to surgery, the preoperative CCD difference value, and the Rockwood classification. However, the postoperative CCD difference was significantly higher in group S (3.1±2.6 mm) compared to group N (1.7±2.4 mm). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that smoking and the preoperative CCD difference independently contributed to an increase in the postoperative CCD difference. Despite the radiographic differences, the postoperative clinical outcome scores and active range of motion measurements were comparable between the groups. Conclusions: Smoking had a detrimental impact on ligament healing after hook plate fixation for acute AC joint dislocations. This finding emphasizes the importance of smoking cessation to optimize reduction maintenance after AC joint injury. Level of evidence: III.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2004

콩나물 재배에서의 살수방법과 그에 따른 콩나물 생육형태와 수율변화를 비교해본 결과 다음과 같다. 1. 살수방식에 따른 콩나물의 생육에 큰 차이를 나타내었으며, 왕복살수형, 용기담수형, 고정살수형 중 고정살수형 방식(재배통 상부에 하부타공된 고정형 물통설치에 의해 샤워형태로 살수)은 살수시 일시에 물을 샤워형식으로 쏟아내려 재배통 내부의 품온저하($22^{\circ}$ 유지), 내부 gas 배출, 유기물 제거 등의 효과가 탁월하여 콩나물 생육에 있어 몸통길이 13.3 cm로 다른 형식(15.2 cm, 15.9 cm)에 비해 짧았으나, 몸통두께(2.19 mm), 수율(535%)은 높게 나타나, 외관이 양호하고 부패가 억제되어 선도가 가장 잘 유지되었으며, 또한, 콩나물 재배시 필요한 용수량의 경우는 1회 살수량이 250∼300 L/통(원료콩 투입량 50 kg/통 기준)가 가장 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 고정살수형 방식은 내부 gas($\textrm{CO}_2$ 5% 이하)배출이 탁월하여 재배완료 후 콩나물의 색택향상 및 부분부패 방지효과 등을 나타내는 장점이 있었으며, 재배 6일차에 재배통 하부(바닥깔판으로부터 약 30 cm이내)의 $\textrm{CO}_2$ 농도는 4-6%, $\textrm{O}_2$ 농도는 13-14%이었다. 따라서 재배시 재배통내 적정 gas조건은 농도 10% 이상, $\textrm{CO}_2$ 농도 5% 이하로 유지되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 3. 살수방식에 따른 재배통내의 품온 변화에서도 고정살수형 방식(4일차, $20^{\circ}$)이 용기담수형 방식(4일차, $22^{\circ}$)보다 품온 억제가 양호하여 콩나물의 생육향상 및 부패 등을 방지하므로 건강한 콩나물 생산의 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다.되지 않은 부분에 대해서 안전성 확보를 위하여 더 자세한 연구가 필요하다..6%이었다.program should be prepared through the long-period of monitoring and experiment. System methods such as guidelines of management program through monitoring was also required due to the emphasis on public ownership among the managers of the invasive species. 보이며 가장 높은 평가를 받았으며, chlorella 향, 단맛, 신맛에 있어서도 비교적 우수한 평가를 받아 관능적으로 높은 기호도를 나타내었고 올리고당의 첨가량은 20% 첨가시 후미와 전체적인 기호도에서 가장 좋게 평가되었다.ts might or might not be for tobacco use. However, most of the cigarette companies self impose a list of ingredients to guide flavor suppliers to design flavors. Unfortunately, the number of ingredients in those lists is getting shorter every year. It is understandable that the health is not the only reason. Some cigarette companies are playing safe to protect the company from potential lawsuit, while others are just copying from their competitors. Moreover, it is obvious that it needs more assistance from casings and