• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.168-174
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• 2018

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and diarrhea. Gastrodia elata Blume (GE) has been used for the treatment of various diseases including neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory disease. However, there has been no information on whether GE regulates intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether GE can protect against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a mouse model. The colitis mice were induced by drinking water containing 5% DSS for 7 days. Body weight, colon length and clinical score were assessed to determine the effects on colitis. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-6 in colitis tissue were also measured. The results showed that mice administrated with DSS showed clinical signs including weight loss and reduced colon length. GE inhibited the DSS-induced loss of body weight and shortening of colon and increased Disease activity index score. Additionally, we observed that GE suppressed the levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 in DSS-treated colon tissues. Collectively, these findings provide experimental evidence that GE might be a useful therapeutic agent for patients with UC.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-42
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• 2010

Background and purpose: The chronic diseases caused by lifestyle are on the increase. This study aims to review the eating habits as etiological factors and related symptoms from the perspective of Korean medicine. In this process, we will make a proposal on the treatment of the lifestyle related diseases. Methods: We studied the sentences about the eating habits and related diseases in Donguibogam Results and Conclusions: 1. The eating habits as etiological factors are overeating, irregular eating, late-night foods, fatty & heavy foods, cold foods, alcohols, etc. 2. The diseases caused by the eating habits are not limited to the gastrointestinal diseases(stomachache, vomiting, diarrhea, etc) but include the non-gastrointestinal diseases(edema, arthralgia, anal diseases, eye diseases, ear diseases, diabetes, cancers, etc.) 3. In the treatment of the diseases caused by the eating habits, the special regard should be paid to the etiological factors.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2013

Aucklandia lappa Decne (Compositae) has been used for treatment of abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, chronic inflammation, and antibacterial effect. The quality of these herbs has been affected by many factors such as collection time, place, temperature, cultivation environment and manufacturing process. We used costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone as marker compounds for quality evaluation of rhizome of Aucklandia lappa. 66 samples of Aucklandia lappa were collected from those habitats in Korea and China. The developed HPLC-DAD method was applied to investigate for quality control of Aucklandia lappa samples. The average contents of the costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone were 2.3895% and 0.9258%, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) exhibited that classification of Aucklandia lappa according to origin not separated. Results of this study may be satisfactory applied to determination of content criteria of Aucklandia lappa.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.245-249
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• 1999

Childhood intestinal tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose for its protean clinical manifestations, especially in cases without pulmonary involvement. Differential diagnosis with Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease and other malignancy is also important. Surgery has often been required for pathologic confirmation or therapy. Colonoscopy may be performed safely under consciousness sedation in children for bacteriologic and histopathologic confirmation of the biopsy specimen in addition to gross appearance of the lesion. We have experienced a case of intestinal tuberculosis presenting with chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and anemia in a 9 year old girl who was diagnosed by a colonoscopic examination and culture of the biopsy specimen from the ascending colon. The patient was managed with antituberculous drugs and recovered uneventfully.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2021

Bartter syndrome is an autosomal recessive hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathy, and classic Bartter syndrome is associated with mutations in the CLCNKB gene. While chronic hypokalemia is known to induce renal cyst formation in different renal diseases, renal cyst formation in Bartter syndrome is rarely reported. Russian six-year-old identical male twins were referred to our hospital for the evaluation of renal cysts, which were incidentally detected on abdominal sonography due to diarrhea. Both twins had shown symptoms of polydipsia, polyuria, and nocturia since they were one year olds. Vital signs including blood pressure were normal in both twins. Renal sonography revealed nephromegaly, increased echogenicity of renal cortex, and various sized multiple cysts in both kidneys for both twins. Laboratory findings included hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis. Bartter syndrome with renal cysts were suspected. Genetic analysis for both twins confirmed a homozygous c.1614delC deletion on exon 15 of the CLCNKB gene, which was confirmed as a previously unreported variant to the best of our knowledge. They were managed with potassium chloride, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. Metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and polyuria partially improved during the short course of treatment. This is the first report of a homozygous mutation in the CLCNKB gene in an identical twin, presenting with renal cysts.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.8-19
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• 2009

Scutellaria Radix, originated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is one of the most important medicine in traditional Oriental medicine, and possesses anti-bacterial activity and sedative effects, can be applied in the treatment of a range of conditions including diarrhea and hepatitis. It is reported that chronic global ischemia induces neuronal damage in selective, vulnerable regions of the brain, especially the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In the present study, to investigate the effect of Scutellaria Radix extract on cerebral disease, the changes of regional cerebral blood flow and pial arterial diameter on ischemia/reperfusion state was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry and some parameters concerned with oxidative stress also measured. When SRe were administered for five days with the concentration of 100 mg/kg, GSH activity significantly increased. But SRe administeration showed no significant change in lipid peroxidation. When the activities of CAT, Cu, Zn-SOD and GSH were measured, CAT and GSH were activated by SRe administration. When 1 and 3 ㎍/㎖ SRe was applied to the neuronal cell cultures, the quantities of LDH was significantly reduced when compared with cultures treated only with NMDA. Through this study, it can be concluded that the ischemia/reperfusion induced brain stress may have contributed to cerebral damage in rats, and the present study provides clear evidence for the beneficial effect of SRe on ischemia induced brain injury.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.69-86
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• 2022

This study examined guange (關格) in Yixuerumen (醫學入門) from a new perspective and evaluated its value in terms of emergency medicine. We compared and analyzed the definition, symptoms, and treatment methods of guange in Yixuerumen with related clinical presentations in modern medicine. Guange includes nausea and vomiting, dysphagia, dysuria, and constipation without diarrhea. A representative disease related to dysuria is uremia, while one related to constipation, nausea, and vomiting is enterocleisis, and and a third related to dysphagia is chronic esophagitis and esophagus cancer. Li Chan, the author of Yixuerumen, recognized guange as an emergency of serious eating and elimination disorder as various symptoms of diseases (病症) gradually get worse from the perspective of external diseases (外感病) and miscellaneous diseases (雜病) and handled it in various ways including yin-tonifying medicinals (補陰藥), qi-tonifying medicinals (補氣藥), qi-regulating formulas (理氣劑), phlegm-dispelling formulas (去痰劑), and "water rising, fire falling" formulas (水升火降) in addition to emetic formulas (催吐劑), diuretic formulas (滲利劑), and interior-attacking formula (攻裏劑). Concepts like guange in Yixuerumen were somewhat useful when handling the applicable emergencies at the level of then medical treatment.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2000

The occupational health nursing guideline for primary care was developed by the Korean Academic Society of occupational health nursing and the organization for occupational health nurses (currently known as the Korean Association of Occupational Health Nurses) in 1993. Since then, there have been many changes in the health care environment and job performance of occupational health nurses. Appropriate revisions are necessary of the guidelinea based on this background. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of the occupational health nursing guideline for primary care and to analyze the characteristics of primary care activities by occupational health nurses. The questionnaire was mailed to 150 occupational health nurses(OHNs) with the response rate of 64%. The results can be summarized as follows; 1. 65.6% of OHNs have been using the guideline for primary care and 75.9% of them agreed that the guideline was be helpful for their job. 2. Common symptom care, emergency care and chronic illness care were more frequently implemented than occupational disease care by OHNs. In manufacturing industries, emergency care was more frequently implemented than chronic illness care in contrast to the service industries. 3. Most frequent common symptoms treated by OHNs were indigestion, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, and coughing. In the case of chronic illness, OHNs more frequently treated diseases of the gastro-intestinal system, skin and sensory organs, and the respiratory system. Emergency care for bruises, burn, and abrasions was more frequently provided. VDT syndrome was the most common occupational disease cared by OHNs in manufacturing and service industries. 4. OHNs prescribed the medicine for external application more frequently than internal medicine. Remedy for colds, analgesics, vitamins, and digestives were more frequently used. From these results, we suggest that the guideline should be revised to emphasize the activities consisting problem finding such as health assessment, physical examinations, monitoring and screening, and to renew the drug list in the range of over- the counter medication (OTC). In the future, the guideline will include the strategies for the role as the case manager.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.321-325
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• 2015

Background: The adverse effects of the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor roflumilast, appear to be more frequent in clinical practice than what was observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinical trials. Thus, we designed this study to determine whether adverse effects could be reduced by starting roflumilast at half the dose, and then increasing a few weeks later to $500{\mu}g$ daily. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 85 patients with COPD who had taken either $500{\mu}g$ roflumilast, or a starting dose of $250{\mu}g$ and then increased to $500{\mu}g$. We analyzed all adverse events and assessed differences between patients who continued taking the drug after dose escalation and those who had stopped. Results: Adverse events were reported by 22 of the 85 patients (25.9%). The most common adverse event was diarrhea (10.6%). Of the 52 patients who had increased from a starting dose of $250{\mu}g$ roflumilast to $500{\mu}g$, 43 (82.7%) successfully maintained the $500{\mu}g$ roflumilast dose. No difference in factors likely to affect the risk of adverse effects, was detected between the dose-escalated and the discontinued groups. Of the 26 patients who started with the $500{\mu}g$ roflumilast regimen, seven (26.9%) discontinued because of adverse effects. There was no statistically significant difference in discontinuation rate between the dose-escalated and the control groups (p=0.22). Conclusion: Escalating the roflumilast dose may reduce treatment-related adverse effects and improve tolerance to the full dose. This study suggests that the dose-escalated regimen reduced the rate of discontinuation. However, longer-term and larger-scale studies are needed to support the full benefit of a dose escalation strategy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.147-166
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• 2008

Objectives : Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by a chronic relapsing inflammation of the bowel in which proinflammatory cytokines play an important perpetuating role. Methods : Mice (preventive animal model of gliotoxin) were treated with 5 % 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) at day 1 and day 7. To investigate preventive effects of acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$, acupuncture was carried out at day -1, day 1, day 3. And, to investigate therapeutic effects, acupuncture with Gujin was carried out at day 3, day 5, day 7. For the data analysis, we checked weight and width of colon, diarrhea, edema, survival rate, changes of body weight, and myeloperoxygenase (MPO) activity. For analysing protein expression, we carried out immunohistochemical staining and Western blot and we analyzed mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Results : Colon of TNBS treated mice was erosive and shortening compared with the colon of control mice and induced damages of colon epithelial cell layer and induced infiltration of immune cells in all layer of colon. Acupuncture of gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive mode suppressed macorscopic damages such as erosive and shortening of colon by TNBS and damages of intestinal epithelial cells and infiltration of immune cells in the colon. The average weight of 5 cm distal colon was increased in TNBS treated mice (758${\mu}g$) compared with in control mice (112${\mu}g$) and width of distal colon was also increased in TNBS treated mice (4.9mm) compared with in control mice (1.3mm). Acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive and therapeutic mode suppressed increase of colon weight and width by TNBS. TNBS induced edema of colon and diarrhea and Acupunctured with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive and therapeutic mode ameliorated these symptom by TNBS. In preventive and therapeutic mode, the effects of acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ were increasing the motility, suppressing body weight decreasing, suppressing MPO activity, reducing expressing of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1b, and ICAM-1 in colon compared with that by TNBS Conclusions : This study demonstrates that acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ represents a potential therapeutic method of Crohn's disease.