• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

Leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum (nitrate reductase deficient mutant) were fused with cell suspension protoplasts of albino Petunia inflata in an electric field. Hybrid cell colonies were selected for nitrate reductase proficiency and chlorophyll synthesis. Five hybrid plant lines, regenerated from the selected calli lines, were analysed by electrophoresis, number of chromosomes and morphological characters. Somtic hybrid plants showed both parent patterns in the isozymesof isoleucine aminopeptidase and esterase. The hybrids had the expected chromosome number of 62 and exhibited an intermediate floral morphology when compared with the parents, but plant height and leaf arrangement were similar to N. tabacum.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.31-35
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• 1967

This study was made on three taxa of Chrysanthemum that grew on the Ewha Womans University campus on the basis of gross morphology, pollen epidermal patterns and chromosomes. The three taxa were recognized as Chrysanthemum zawadskii subsp. zawadskii var. acutilobum(2n=54); Chrysanthemum zawadskii subsp. latilobum (2n=36), and possible hybrid(2n=45) between the two taxa in view of leaf morphorlogy and chromosome number counts.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2008

In the previous study, 141 $BC_3F_2$ lines from a cross between the Oryza sativa cv. Milyang 23 and O. glaberrima were used to identify favorable wild QTL alleles for yield component traits. In this study, we carried out QTL analysis of four grain morphology as well as four yield component traits using 141 $BC_3F_5$ lines from the same cross and compared QTLs detected in two different generations. The mean number of O. glaberrima segments in the 141 $BC_3F_5$ lines ranged from 1 to 13 with 2.69 and 5.71 of the average means of homozygous and heterozygous segments, respectively. There was a three-fold difference in the number of QTLs detected for four traits commonly evaluated in two generations (seven QTLs in the $BC_3F_5$ vs 21 in the $BC_3F_2$ population). The percentages of the phenotypic variance explained by QTLs in the BC3F5 population were similar to or less than those in the $BC_3F_2$ population. This is probably due to the difference in the genetic composition of two populations and the environmental effects. The locations of the QTLs commonly detected in both generations were in good agreement except for one QTL for spikelets per panicle. The yield QTL, yd3 was colocalized with the spikelets per panicle, spp3. Yield increase at this locus is due to the increase in spikelets per panicle, because both traits were associated with increase in spikelets per panicle and yield due to the presence of an O. glaberrima allele. Clusters of QTLs for grain morphology traits were observed in two chromosome regions. One cluster harboring five QTLs near SSR markers RM106 and RM263 was detected on chromosome 2. This population would serve as a foundation for development of the introgression line population from a cross between Milyang 23 and O. glaberrima.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2009

The chromosome morphology of two Korean Lactuca (L. indica, L. triangulata) is reported herein. The chromosome number and karyotype of a naturalized plant, L. scariola are reported for the first time. The basic chromosome number was x = 9. Polyploid forms were not recorded. The karyotypes of L. indica, L. scariola, and L. triangulata were 2 n = 18 = 2 m+ 7 sm, 2 n = 18 = 1 m + 6 sm+ 2 st, 2 n = 18 = 2 m + 5 sm+ 2 st, respectively. Both L. indica and L. triangulata had satellites at the ends of their short arms. The haploid genome lengths of L. indica, L.scariola, and L. triangulata were $56.3{\mu}m$, $35.3{\mu}m$, and $72.5{\mu}m$ respectively. Each chromosome length of naturalized L. scariola was $2.7-5.2{\mu}m$; the smallest among Korean Lactuca. The chromosome lengths of L. indica and L. triangulata were $4.7-7.6{\mu}m$ and $2.9-7.9{\mu}m$, respectively. The karyotype of L. scariola differed from that of L.indica and L.triangulata both of which belong to sect. Tuberosae. Therefore, L. scariola is thought to belong to sect. Lactuca subsect. Lactuca.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.201-207
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• 1989

This study was carried out to identify the chromosome morphological structure and G-, C-banding pattern of Korean native fowl. The samples used in this study were early chick embryos, and the method of chromosomal analysis quoted from the protocal of Ohio univ. with more or less modified. The results were summerized as follow as； 1. In each of macrochromosomal morphology, the arm-ratio, centromeric index, and relative length of Korean native fowl were more or less different from improved breeds, but the designations were the same. 2. The graphical pecks, by densitometric recordings, in each macrochromosome number of 1, 2, 3, 4, Z, and 5, numbered 21, 14, 12, 8, 11, and 4 in G-banded, and 16, 13, 9, 9, 9, and 4 in C-banded, respectively. Those pecks could be explained as a consequence of chromosome condensation during mitosis and of genetic material differences.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

The chromosome numbers of five species in two families of Korea are investigated: Odontobutis platycephala, O. interrupta, and O. obscura in Odontobutidae, and Cottus koreanus and C. hangiongensis in Cottidae. In Odontobutis species, the three species showed the diploid chromosome number, 2n=44 (NF=44) telocentric chromosomes. In Cottus species, the mitotic chromosomes from 24 groups with two chromosomes each indicated that it is a diploid. The karyotype of C. koreanus and C. hangiongensis is 2n=48 and NF=52. These species is the first report on the chromosomes and the karyotype analysis except O. platycephala. Our findings provide cytotaxonomic evidence for the species distinctness of these five species whose descriptions were based primarily on external morphology.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and effect of various cryopreservation method on the survival and the cytoskeletal stability of metaphase II mouse oocyte. Methods: Mouse ovulated oocytes were collected and cryopreserved by a modified slow-freezing method with 1.5 M 1, 2-propanediol (PrOH)+0.1 M sucrose or by vitrification using cryo loop and EM grid with 40% ethylene glycol+0.6 M sucrose. Four hours after thawing, intact oocytes were fixed and stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated monoclonal anti-$\beta$-tubulin antibody to visualize spindle and propidium iodide (PI) to visualize chromosome. Spindle morphology was classified as follows: normal (barrel-shaped), slightly and absolute abnormal (multipolar or absent). Results: Survival rate of the frozen-thawed oocytes in vitrification group was significantly higher than that of slow-freezing group (62.7% vs. 24.4%, p<0.01). Vitrification with cryo loop showed significantly higher survival rate than that with EM grid (67.7% vs. 53.5%, p<0.05). On the other hand, proportion of normal spindle and chromosome configurations of the frozen-thawed oocytes between two vitrification group was not significantly different. Conclusion: For mouse ovulated oocytes, vitrification with cryo loop may be a preferable procedure compared to slow-freezing method. Further study should be needed to investigate developmental competency of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effects of various media compositions in regeneration of Lilium lancifolium. The adventitious bud initiation from microscale was the best on MS medium supplemented with BAP 1.0 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L after 4 weeks of culture. However, from bulbscales, adventitious bud initiation was the best in dark condition on MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L. On the other hand, callus induction was found to be the best from the microscales incubated in complete dark condition for 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and BAP 0.1 mg/L. The highest plantlet regeneration from callus was obtained after incubation in the light condition for 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.5 mg/L and BAP 0.1 mg/L. Rooting of shoots was obtained easily on MS medium and the plantlets were transferred to soil pots after 8 weeks. The chromosome analysis of the root tip cells was revealed that the callus-derived plantlets had normal chromosome number, 2n=24. No variation was observed in the morphology of the plantlets.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.481-488
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• 2022

Background: Although the tumor-suppressive effects of ginsenosides in cell cycle have been well established, their pharmacological properties in mitosis have not been clarified yet. The chromosomal instability resulting from dysregulated mitotic processes is usually increased in cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on mitotic progression in cancer. Materials and methods: Cancer cells were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 and their morphology and intensity of different protein were analyzed using immunofluorescence microscopy. The level of proteins in chromosomes was compared through chromosomal fractionation and Western blot analyses. The location and intensity of proteins in the chromosome were confirmed through immunostaining of mitotic chromosome after spreading. The colony formation assays were conducted using various cancer cell lines. Results: Ginsenoside Rg1 reduced cancer cell proliferation in some cancers through inducing mitotic arrest. Mechanistically, it inhibits the phosphorylation of histone H3 Thr3 (H3T3ph) mediated by Haspin kinase and concomitant recruitment of chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) to the centromere. Depletion of Aurora B at the centromere led to abnormal centromere integrity and spindle dynamics, thereby causing mitotic defects, such as increase in the width of the metaphase plate and spindle instability, resulting in delayed mitotic progression and cancer cell proliferation. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces the level of Aurora B at the centromere via perturbing Haspin kinase activity and concurrent H3T3ph. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg1 suppresses cancer cell proliferation through impeding mitotic processes, such as chromosome alignment and spindle dynamics, upon depletion of Aurora B from the centromere.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The present study was carried out to establish the standard karyotype of the Korean Native Chicken and to find their chromosomal band markers using high-resolution banding technique. Chromosome analysis was performed on early chick embryos following in vitro culture of fertilized eggs of the yellow-brown and the red-brown lines of the Korean Native Chicken which had been established at National Livestock Research Institute. The high-resolution banding of the chromosome was achieved by treating the embryos with ethidium bromide and colchicine during culture. On GTG-banding, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited a typical chick banding pattern in all the macrochromosomes. Overall chromosomal morphology and positions of typical landmarks of the Korean Native Chicken were virtually identical to those of White Leghorn and International System for Standardized Avian Karyotypes(ISSAK). However, the lengths and G-band numbers of the Korean Native Chicken macrochromosomes were greater than those of White Leghorn and ISSAK. Especially in chromosomes 1 and Z, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited more separated bands in compared with ISSAK. In C-banding patterns, although a lot of observed cells had C-band polymorphic patterns, almost the Korean Native Chicken macrochromosomes had heterochromatic C-band on centromeres and/or near terminal part. However, the heterochromatic C-band was constantly observed at the end of q-arm of Z chromosomes and on the whole W chromosome. In addition, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited distinctive heteromorphic patterns of C-bands on the centromere of chromosome 3 and at the end of q-arm of Z chromosome between homologous chromosomes.