• 셀메드
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.8
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• 2021

The clinical condition Amnesia causes difficulty in learning new information and the inability to recall past events. It is primarily concerned with recent memory loss. Majoon-e-Nisyan (MJN) is a polyherbal Unani formulation, present in a semi-solid form. It is widely used potent drug of the Unani System of Medicine (USM) for treating Nisyan (amnesia). In the present study polyherbal Unani formulation, MJN has been studied for its quality control and acute toxicity. Standardization (quality control) of drugs deals with drug identity, drug quality and purity determination. Standardization of MJN had been done as per the Unani pharmacopoeial parameters approved by World Health Organization (WHO) - Pharmacognostical parameters, Physico-chemical parameters, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), microbial load, aflatoxin, and heavy metals. Solvents and chemicals used in the study were of analytical grade and used instrument were calibrated. By conducting an acute oral toxicity study in rats, the safety of MJN was assessed. The limit test method of OECD guideline 425 was followed in the study. Results of standardization and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for preparation of MJN may serve as the standard reference in the future. The data generated in the study for the quality control of MJN proved the quality of formulation and shows that MJN is not toxic in rats following acute dosing up to 2000 mg/kg bw. The data obtained in the paper for MJN may be used as a standard guideline for preparation of the formulation which can save time, cost, and resources for future research endeavours.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2022

Objectives: The chemical composition of cactus pear seed oil (Opuntia ficus-indica [L.] Mill.) was analyzed in terms of its fatty acid composition, tocopherol content, phenolic identification, and the oil's phenolic-rich fraction antioxidant power was determined. Methods: Fatty acid profiling was performed by gas chromatography coupled to an FI detector. Tocopherols and phenolic compounds were analyzed by LC-FLD/UV, and the oil's phenolic-rich fraction antioxidant power was determined by phosphomolybdenum, DPPH assay and β-carotene bleaching test. Results: Fatty acid composition was marked by a high unsaturation level (83.22 ± 0.34%). The predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid (66.79 ± 0.78%), followed by oleic acid (15.16 ± 0.42%) and palmitic acid (12.70 ± 0.03%). The main tocopherol was γ-tocopherol (172.59 ± 7.59 mg/kg. In addition, Tyrosol, vanillic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, pinoresinol, and cinnamic acid were identified as phenolic compounds in the analyzed seed oil. Moreover, the oil's phenolics-rich fraction showed a significant total antioxidant activity, scavenged DPPH up to 97.85%, and effectively protected β-carotene against bleaching (97.56%). Conclusion: The results support the potential use of cactus pear seed oil as a functional food.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.712-722
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the residual properties of tebuconazole-treated pigs. Twenty pigs were treated with different concentrations (0.25, 1.25, 2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg bw/d) of tebuconazole for 28 d. Blood biochemistry, histology, and residual levels were analyzed using the VetTest analyzer, Masson's trichrome staining kit, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. The final body weights were not significantly different between the control and treatment groups. Alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were significantly different from those of the control after exposure for 14 d. However, alanine aminotransferase levels showed changes only after exposure to pesticides for 28 d. The biochemical parameters were separated during the experimental period (14 d versus 28 d) by principal component analysis. Based on variable importance plots, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase are candidate biomarkers for tebuconazole exposure. The residual levels were observed at T4 (12.5 mg/kg bw/d) and T5 (25 mg/kg bw/d) in the liver and fat tissues, respectively. Fibrosis increased in the liver, kidney, and fat tissues, depending on the tebuconazole concentration. In conclusion, the residue limits of tebuconazole and the physiological changes caused by dietary tebuconazole in pigs provide important information for establishing maximum residue limits of pork and pork products.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.88-107
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• 2023

In the present investigation, bacterial isolates from infected apple trees causing apple canker during winter were studied in the northern Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. The pathogen was identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) through various physiological and biochemical characterization assays such as BIOLOG, gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters, and 16S rRNA. Bioassays for the production of phytotoxins were positive for syringopeptin and syringomycin against Bacillus megaterium and Geotrichum candidum, respectively. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method enabled the detection of toxin-producing genes, syrB1, and sypB in Pss. The differentiation of strains was performed using LOPAT and GATTa tests. Pss further exhibited ice nucleation activity (INA) at a temperature of -0.7℃, indicating an INA⁺ bacterium. The ice-nucleating temperature was -4.7℃ for a non-treated control (sterilized distilled water), whereas it was -9.6℃ for an INA^- bacterium Escherichia coli TOP10. These methods detected pathogenic strains from apple orchards. Pss might exist in an apple tree during ice injury, and it secretes a toxin that makes leaves yellow and cause canker symptoms. Until now, Korea has not developed antibiotics targeting Pss. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective disease control to combat Pss in apple orchards. Pathogenicity test on apple leaves and stems showed canker symptoms. The pathogenic bacterium was re-isolated from symptomatic plant tissue and confirmed as original isolates by 16S rRNA. Repetitive element sequence-based PCR and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR primers revealed different genetic profiles within P. syringae pathovars. High antibiotic susceptibility results showed the misreading of mRNA caused by streptomycin and oxytetracycline.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.41-41
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• 2023

Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetable worldwide. In this study, we tried to suggest the possibility of Cheongyang pepper as a functional cosmetic material by identifying the physiological activity, especially antioxidant and whitening effects of Cheongyang pepper through bibliometric analysis and experimental studies. A bibliometric analysis was performed through co-word analysis of 8,892 papers retrieved from SCOPUS. 4 research fields were obtained by cluster mapping from VOSviewer software, among which we noted the antioxidant activity of extracts from Capsicum annum L.. Phenol as a useful ingredient of Cheongyang pepper was analyzed using HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). Antioxidant and whitening effects were evaluated by measuring DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Cheongyang pepper extract showed contents of 0.106 ± 0.01 and 0.105 ± 0.02 mg/g, respectively, in the order of gallic acid and protocatechuic acid. The extract exhibited 56.95% DPPH scavenging activity and 43.97% hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/ml. In addition, 1,000 ㎍/ml of the extract inhibited tyrosinase activity by 52.44% and 42.61%, respectively in a whitening efficacy test using L-tyrosine and L-DOPA (L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine) as substrates. These results suggest that Cheongyang pepper extract and its active ingredients have antioxidant and whitening effects, and the possibility of future development as a whitening functional cosmetic material.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2023

Previously, we showed that a chronic-low-dose nonylphenol (NP) exposure resulted in histological changes with sexually dimorphic pattern in rat adrenal glands. We hypothesized that such structural changes are closely related to the hormonal secretory patterns. To test this hypothesis, we developed the short-term adrenal incubation method, and measured the levels of catecholamines and cortical steroids using the high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The norepinephrine (NE) levels in media from NP-treated female adrenal, except 100 pM NP, were significantly increased [control (CTL) vs 1 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 10 nM NP, p<0.05; vs 100 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.01]. The NE secretion from male adrenal was higher when treated with 100 nM and 1 µM NP (CTL vs 100 nM NP, p<0.05; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.05, respectively). The aldosterone level in the female adrenal media treated with 100 pM NP was significantly decreased, on the other hand, that of media treated with 10 nM NP was significantly increased (CTL vs 100 pM NP, p<0.05; vs 10 nM NP, p<0.01). In male adrenal media, the aldosterone levels of 10 nM, 100 nM and 1 µM NP-treated media were significantly declined (CTL vs 10 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 100 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.001). These results showed the NP treatment altered secretory pattern of aldosterone from adrenals of both sexes, showing sexual dimorphism. It may be helpful for understanding possible adrenal pathophysiology, and endocrine disrupting chemicals-related sexually dimorphic phenomena in adrenals.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.11.1-11.10
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• 2021

Coronavirus causes an infectious disease in various species and crosses the species barriers leading to the outbreak of zoonotic diseases. Due to the respiratory diseases are mainly caused in humans and viruses are replicated and excreted through the respiratory tract, the nasal fluid and sputum are mainly used for diagnosis. Early diagnosis of coronavirus plays an important role in preventing its spread and is essential for quarantine policies. For rapid decision and prompt triage of infected host, the immunochromatographic assay (ICA) has been widely used for point of care testing. However, when the ICA is applied to an expectorated sputum in which antigens are present, the viscosity of sputum interferes with the migration of the antigens on the test strip. To overcome this limitation, it is necessary to use a mucolytic agent without affecting the antigens. In this study, we combined known mucolytic agents to lower the viscosity of sputum and applied that to alpha and beta coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), respectively, spiked in sputum to find optimal pretreatment conditions. The pretreatment method using tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) and BSA was suitable for ICA diagnosis of sputum samples spiked with PEDV and MERS-CoV. This sensitive assay for the detection of coronavirus in sputum provides an useful information for the diagnosis of pathogen in low respiratory tract.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2001

비료의 효율적 이용 및 과다 시비에 따른 환경오염을 경감하고자 토양 및 식물체 중 질산이온 분석을 통한 간이진단기술을 검토하였다. 농가현장에서 토양중 질산이온을 추출하기 위한 간이검정방법으로서 porous cup을 이용한 토양용액채취법과 생토용적추출법은 실험실 분석법인 2M KCl 침출법과 비교하였고, 질산이온 간이측정기구인 compact ion meter, nitrate ion meter, test strip-소형 reflectometer법 등에 의한 질산이온 측정값은 실험실 정밀 측정장비인 IC 측정값과 비교하였다. 토양내 질소수준이 다른 하우스환경 하에서 오이의 재배기간동안 토양용액채취법과 생토용적침출법에 의한 토양중 질산이온농도는 주기적으로 monitoring 하였고, 엽병중 질산이온농도는 엽병 위치별로 분석하였으며, 토양과 식물체중 질산이온 농도들은 오이의 최종 수량과 관련하여 2차 회귀식으로 plotting 하였다. 질산이온 간이측정장비로서는 test strip을 이용한 소형 reflectometer법이 실험실 정밀 분석법인 IC에 의한 측정값과 가장 밀접한 상관성을 보였다. Porous cup을 이용한 토양용액채취법은 관수후 경과시간, 토양깊이, 점적호스로부터의 거리 등에 따라 토양용액중 질산이온 농도의 공간적 변이가 컸으나, 생토용적침출법과 2M KCl 침출법간 질산함량은 높은 상관성이 인정되었다. 엽병즙액중 질산농도의 엽의 위치에 따라 질산농도의 변화가 심하였고, 토양내 질소 수준에 따라 상위엽과 하위엽간 질소 농도의 분포 또한 상이하였다. 토양 및 식물체 엽병중 질산함량과 오이수량간 2차 회귀식으로부터 최고수량과 일치하는 각각의 질산 함량 수준을 검토한 결과, 토양용액채취법은 $400mg\;l^{-1}$ 수준, 생토용적 침출법은 $300mg\;l^{-1}$ 수준, 엽병즙액의 경우는 $1400mg\;l^{-1}$ 수준이었다. 여기서 엽병즙액과 오이수량간 상관성은 pot 시험을 통해 비교하였고, pot 실험결과 $1500mg\;l^{-1}$ 수준의 엽병내 질산농도 수준에서 최고 수량을 보여 하우스 실험결과와 유사하였다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2008

최근 유산균에 대한 관심이 많아지고 그와 관련된 수많은 제품들이 제조되고 유통되고 있다. 이러한 유산균의 기능으로는 가장 먼저 정장 작용을 들 수 있고, 그 외 항암 효과, 유당 단백질의 흡수 증진, 혈청 콜레스테롤의 저하 등 많은 기능을 가지고 있다. 이에 따라 유산균의 한 종류인 Lactobacillus casei의 배양물로부터 단백질을 분리한 것으로 Ultrafiltration membrane (3, 10, 30, 100 KDa)으로 분리 농축한 단백질 물질인 단백질성분 A(protein components A)와 단백질 성분 B(protein components B)을 분리하여 실험에 사용하였고, 이 물질을 이용하여 보다 세밀한 분리를 위해 FPLC(fast protein liquid chromatography, sephadex 75, Amersham)를 이용하여 분석된 peak를 이용하여 3번부터 9번까지 분획물을 얻어 실험에 사용하였다. 위에서 얻은 단백질 물질들을 이용하여 정상 세포와 암세포주를 이용하여 세포 독성 및 암세포 생육 억제 활성을 측정한 결과, 단백질 성분 A(protein components A)와 단백질 성분 B(protein components B)의 물질에서 최적 농도인 $100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 정상 세포에 대한 세포 독성은 20% 정도로 낮은 세포 독성 효과를 나타내 정상 세포에 대한 독성 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났고, 5가지 암세포주(위암, 폐암, 유방암, 난소암, 대장암)에 대한 암세포 생육 억제 활성에서는 70% 정도의 높은 암세포 생육 억제 효과를 나타내 항암 효과를 나타냈다. 그리고 FPLC를 이용하여 분리한 분획물에서는 3, 8, 9번 분획물에서는 정상 세포에 대한 세포독성이 50%를 나타내 독성 효과를 나타냈고, 그 외의 분획물에서는 정상 세포에 대한 독성이 나타나지 않았다. 그 중 7번 분획물에서 암세포에 대한 생육 억제 활성을 나타낸 결과, 70% 정도의 높은 암세포 생육 억제 활성을 나타내 항암활성을 지닌 성분으로 확인하였다. 그 외의 분획물에서는 거의 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 Lactobacillus casei의 배양물에서 분리한 성분이 항암 효과를 나타내고 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.88-101
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• 2008

목질자원으로부터 Botrytis속 곰팡이병에 대하여 항균활성을 나타내는 추출물을 탐색하고자 본 연구는 시도되었다. 신갈나무를 고압 전처리하고 이로부터 열수, 메탄올, 에탄올을 이용하여 목질 추출물을 획득하였다. Botrytis속 곰팡이 3종은 $20^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$의 생장온도에서 최적 생장을 하였으며 pH 5.0과 7.0에서 가장 양호한 균사 생장을 나타냈다. 열수 추출물이 Botrytis속에 대하여 가장 우수한 항균활성을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 열수추출물로부터 항균물질을 분리하기 위하여 n-hexane : chloroform : ethyl acetate : formic acid (12 : 17 : 8 : 0.2, v/v/v/v)를 용제로 하는 silica-gel column chromatography와 TLC를 사용하였으며, 3종 추출물들은 HPLC 분석을 통하여 화합물을 확인하였으며 UV Spectrophotometer를 이용하여 열수 추출물로부터 6개의 fraction group을 분리 하였다. 6개의 fraction group의 항균활성 test결과, fraction group I과 II는 Botrytis cinerea에 대하여 가장 높은 항균활성을 나타냈다. Fraction group의 HPLC 분석결과, 3개의 유효물질을 확인하였으며 이 3가지 물질이 항균활성에 영향을 미친다고 추측된다.