• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.425-436
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• 1995

In order to evaluate the effect of Polygoni Multiflori Radix on the atherosclerosis induced by high cholesteol diet, rabbits were fed with 4% cholesterol diet, 4% cholesterol-4% Polygoni Multiflori Radix diet during 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, histological changes in coronary artery of rabbits were studied. The results were obtained as follows; 1. At the area % of lumen in coronary arteries, Polygoni Multiflori Radix group showed significant inhibitory effect against decrease of area % in control group. 2. At the atheroma formation in coronary arteries, Polygoni Multiflori Radix group showed decrease effect as compared with control group. 3. At the mucoprotein formation in wall of coronary arteries, Polygoni Multiflori Radix group showed decrease effect as compared with control group. 4. At the lesion of elastic fibers in coronary arteries, Polygoni Multiflori Radix group didn't show effective changes as compared with control group.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 1993

Effects of fermented milk were tested in Sprague-Dawley male rats. In six treatment 150 rats were fed for 12 months: (1) normal control synthetic pellets+water, (2) cholesterol control synthetic pellets containing 1% of cholesterol and 500, 000 IU of vitamin D2/100 g (cholesterol pellets) +water, (3) cholesterol pellets+25% fermented milk, (4) cholesterol pellets+50% fermented milk, (5) cholesterol pellets+75% fermented milk, (6) cholesterol pellets+100% fermented milk. In 3, 6, 9, 12 months, rats were sacrificed for analysis of samples. Rats received the fermented milk had significantly lower (p<0.05) serum cholesterol levels and higher ratios of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol than did the water fed rats. Stomach, heart, abdominal aorta and kidney of rat from fermented milk group showed slighter calcification or necrosis than did those of rat from cholesterol control group. Weight gain, diet intake, and drink consumption were significantly different among groups. Results indicate that fermented milk had a helpful effect of experimental hypercholesteremia and atherosclerosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pine (Pinus densiflora) needle extracts on hepatic antioxidative system in rats fed high-cholesterol diet. Eight-week old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups; normal diet group (CON), 0.5% cholesterol diet group (0.5% CHOL), 0.5% cholesterol diet and pine needle extracts prepared by using hot water group (HOT water), and 0.5% cholesterol diet and pine needle extracts prepared by using sub-supercritical $CO_2$ group (Sub-supercritical). The serum ALP, AST, and ALT activities were increased by 0.5% cholesterol diet supplementation, but treatment with pine needle extracts showed decrease compared with 0.5% CHOL group. The SOD activity in liver at 0.5% cholesterol diet group was more decreased than control group while Sub-supercritical group had significantly higher SOD activity than 0.5% CHOL group. Moreover, groups with pine needle extracts supplementation had higher level of GPx in liver than 0.5% cholesterol diet group. These results suggest that pine needle extracts increased antioxidative activities.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.170-175
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effect of different sources of $\omega$3 fatty acid in the diet with a similar polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) fatty acid ratio and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acid ratio as well as excess DHA on the plasma fatty acid composition and cholesterol level of rats. Three experimental diets contained 10% (w/w) dietary lipids. The control diet and one treatment diet were corn oil-based diets with different $\omega$-3 fatty acid sources: perilla (CO) or fish oil (CF), respectively. In order to examine the effect of excess DHA, the other treatment diet (FO) was a fish oil-based diet with corn oil to supply essential fatty acids at the level of 1.8% (w/w) of the diet. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets for 2 weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Pups were weaned to the same diet of dams at 21 days of age. Plasma fatty acid compositions and cholesterol contents were analyzed for pups at 3th, 7th and 10th week after birth. Plasma DHA concentrations increased significantly as the level of fish oil supplementation increased. Three-, seven- and ten-week old rats fed on CO diet which contained only $\alpha$-lino1enic acid as a $\omega$-3 fatty acid Source had Plasma DHA levels of 4.85%, 3.15% ana 2.47%, respectively, suggesting that rats at this period of development can convert $\alpha$-linolenic acid to DHA. But the ability to form DHA might be limited, since dietary DHA showed to be more effective in raising the plasma level of DHA. There was a significant negative correlation between DHA and cholesterol concentration of the rat plasma at 7th week (r=0.34, p<0.05) and l0th week after birth (r=036, p<0.05), proving the hypocholesterolemic effect of DHA.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.113-125
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• 2007

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of herbal acupuncture(Raphanus sativus) at Bisu($BL_{20}$) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, serum of lipid concentrations, liver function and HDL to total cholesterol ratio of rats fed high fat diet for 5weeks. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet group(Control), high fat diet and saline in $BL_{20}$ treated group(Saline), high fat diet and Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(RHA-1, 0.058mg/ml/g), high fat diet and Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(RHA-2, 0.029mg/ml/g), high fat diet and Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(RHA-3, 0.011mg/ml/g), Herbal acupuncture was bilaterally treated at 0.2cc per 4days, total 14 times in 56days. Results : Body weight and food efficiency were decreased in saline, RHA-1, RHA-2. Feed intake was increased in saline, RHA-1, RHA- 2, RHA- 3. The level of serum total cholesterol was decreased in saline, RHA-1. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were not significant. The level of serum triglyceride, Total Bilirubin were decreased in saline, RHA-1, RHA-2, RHA-3.The level of serum AST was decreased in RHA-1. But the level of serum ALT was increased in RHA-1. The level of atherogenic index was decreased in saline, RHA-1. The level of HTR was increased in saline, RHA-1. Conclusions : Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in Bisu($BL_{20}$) can control body weight, feed intake and feed efficency ratio, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, and prevention cardiovascular risk.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.179-184
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of onion, red onion, or quercetin on plasma antioxidant vitamin, lipid peroxidation, and leukocyte DNA damage in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet. Forty SD male rats were assigned to normal control, high fat-cholesterol diet (HF), or HF+5% onion powder, HF+5% red onion powder, or HF+0.0l% quercetin. The HF diet resulted in significantly higher plasma lipid peroxidation which decreased with onion, red onion, or quercetin supplementation. Leukocyte DNA damage induced by HF diet decreased significantly in rats fed onion and red onion, while quercetin supplementation had no effect on preventing leukocyte DNA damage. $H_2O_2$ induced leukocyte DNA damage exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with plasma retinol and tocopherols. These results suggest that onion or red onion powder exerts a protective effect with regard to DNA damage in rats fed HF diet. However, 0.01% quercetin in pure form might not be effective at preventing DNA damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1989

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of caffeine and vitamin E on the lipid composition of serum and liver in cholesterol-fed rats. Thirty-five male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about $120{\pm}10\;g$ were divided into 5 groups, each group receiving a different diet for 6 weeks. i.e. basal diet (Basal group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol (Basal+Chol. group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and 0.25% caffeine (CF group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and 400ppm vitamin E (VE group), and basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and caffeine plus vitamin E (CF+VE group). Net weight gain was significantly depressed only by caffeine supplementation. Serum total lipid was significantly decreased in VE and CF+VE groups. Serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were slightly increased by caffeine supplementation, whereas triglyceride (TG) was significantly decreased in CF, VE and CF+VE group. Contents of crude lipid and TG in liver were significantly reduced by supplementation of vitamin E. No differences in liver cholesterol were found among experimental groups. Histologically, Basal+Chol. group showed a spotty necrosis, including a profuse fine microvaculoar lipid accumnlation. CF group exhibited a mild inflammatory infiltration, as well as macro- and microvacuolar lipid accumulation. But those were regenerated by supplementation of vitamin E.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.791-792
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• 2005

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.225-229
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• 2003

In Oriental Medicine, hyperlipidemia is considered as the phlegm stagnancy(痰飮) and blood stasis(瘀血). Typhae Pollen helps remove blood stasis and hemorrhage and it also has an effect of relieving pains caused by blood stasis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the curative effects of Typhae Pollen on diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Thirty-two rats were divided into normal, control and treated group. Control and treated group were fed with 1.5% cholesterol diet during 4 weeks, and fed with normal diet during next 4 weeks. Treated group was also administrated with extract of Typhae Pollen during last 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected from each of animals at 4, 6 and 8weeks, and used for the blood chemical analysis. Animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks, and chemical analysis was performed on the collected liver samples. The serum total cholesterol(47.82±2.03㎎/㎗), LDL-cholesterol(11.09±1.27㎎/㎗), HDL-cholesterol (19.64±1.23㎎/㎗), triglyceride(85.09±3.48㎎/㎗) values of treated group were significantly decreased compared with the serum total cholesterol(73.73±5.34㎎/㎗), LDL-cholesterol(22.09±3.09㎎/㎗), HDL-cholesterol(25.18±1.45㎎/㎗l), triglyceride(124.27±6.72㎎/㎗) values of control group at 8weeks. The liver total cholesterol and triglyceride values of treated group show no statistically significant differency compared with those values of control group. On the basis of these results, it is confirmed that Typhae Pollen has the curative effects on the hyperlipidemia in rats induced by hyper-cholesterol diets.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.766-771
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• 2005

We evaluated the effects of newly developed functional food containing Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD as the main material on the lipid and antioxidant metabolisms of hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty male SD rats were divided into three groups after a 1-week adaptation period and were fed with a high fat-cholesterol diet (control), or with a high fat-cholesterol diet supplemented with low or high doses ($3.1\;{\times}\;10^6\;cfu/day$ or $3.1\;{\times}\;10^8\;cfu/day$) of B. polyfermenticus SCD and other physiological active materials for 6 weeks. Both doses of B. polyfermenticus SCD significantly reduced hepatic total cholesterol and triglycerides, while increasing the fecal excretion rates of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglycerides. B. polyfermenticus SCD increased the total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP). The erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase activity in the B. polyfermenticus groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. Plasma TRAP levels exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with hepatic total cholesterol while a significant positive correlation was detected between fecal total cholesterol and plasma TRAP. This hypolipidemic and antioxidative effect of B. polyfermenticus SCD seemed to be unrelated to its dosage. These results suggest that functional food containing B. polyfermenticus SCD can improve oxidative stress and hepatic lipid profiles by enhancing the excretion of cholesterol and triglycerides in feces of rats fed with high fat-high cholesterol diet.