• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1560-1567
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• 2008

본 연구는 폐경 후 녹차잎 함유 건강기능성 제품으로 녹차가루(15%)와 녹차잎 추출물(35%), 두충추출물(15%), 감잎추출물(15%), 검정콩 가루(18%) 및 찹쌀 풀과 꿀(2%) 등을 배합하여 조제된 녹차가공품(이하 GTP)이 고콜레스테롤 식이를 섭취시킨 난소절제 흰쥐의 골 대사에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 실험동물은 10주령의 Sprague-Dewley 암컷 흰쥐(평균 체중 $279{\pm}2g$)로 완전임의배치로 한 군당 10마리씩 4군으로 나누어 사육하였으며 양쪽 난소를 절제(ovariectomy: OVX)하였다. Sham 대조군은 실험군과 동일한 스트레스를 주기 위해 난소를 절제하지 않고 개복수술만 실시한 후 2주간 배합사료를 급여한 후 Sham-대조군(Sham-C)과 OVX-대조군(OVX-C)은 AIN' 76에 기초해서 제조한 콜레스테롤 첨가 식이를, OVX 실험군은 콜레스테롤 첨가 식이에 GTP 5%(OVX-G5)와 20%(OVX-G20)를 함유한 실험 식이를 조제하여 6주간 급여하였다. 식이 조제 시 Ca 함량은 총 식이의 0.4% 수준으로 조정하였으며 Sham-C, OVX-C와 OVX-G5는 $CaCO_3$를 첨가하여 조정하였고 OVX-G20은 Ca 함량이 0.4%였으므로 별도의 $CaCO_3$를 첨가하지 않았다. OVX군에서의 식이효율은 OVX-G5가 유의적으로 낮았으며 Sham-C과 유사한 수준을 보였다. 대퇴골의 골밀도는 각 군 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 Sham-C> OVX-G5와 OVX-G20> OVX-대조군의 순으로 나타났다. 골격 형성의 생화학적 지표인 alkaline phosphatase 활성은 OVX군 간에 유의적인 차이는 나타내지 않았으나 GTP를 첨가한 식이를 섭취한 군에서는 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였다. Estradiol의 농도는 각 군 간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 Sham-C> OVX-G20> OVX-G5> OVX-C의 순으로 나타나 GTP 20%를 첨가한 군과 Sham-C가 유사한 수준을 보였다. Osteocalcin 농도는 OVX-C에 비해 GTP를 첨가한 군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으며 GTP의 첨가량이 많을수록 혈청 osteocalcin 수준이 감소하였고 OVX-G20에서는 Sham-C와 유사한 수준으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 ALP 활성이 증가될수록 osteocalcin의 농도도 증가되는 경향을 보였다. DPD crosslink value는 OVX-G20이 OVX-C 에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었다. 폐경기에 ALP 활성과 osteocalcin의 농도가 높은 것은 골 교체율이 빠른 것을 나타내므로 난소절제 흰쥐에서 GTP가 골 교체율을 감소시켜 골흡수를 억제함으로써 골 보호 효과를 나타내는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 GTP 5%와 20%의 첨가량에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과들로 미루어 볼 때 난소절제 흰쥐모델의 골 대사 지표에 다소 유리하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 녹차가공품이 골다공증 예방을 위한 기능성식품으 로서의 가능성을 보여주었으며, 골다공증 예방을 위한 녹차 가공품의 효과적인 섭취량은 계속적으로 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.1363-1368
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 헤마토코커스 플루비알리스(H. pluvialis)의 파쇄세포(cracked cell)로부터 추출된 아스타잔틴의 HPLC 분석방법을 확립하고, UV/visible 및 FT-IR 분광분석법을 이용하여 헤마토코커스 추출물과 합성 아스타잔틴의 구조적 특성을 조사하였다. 아스타잔틴을 메탄올 용매에 녹이고, 45분 정도 초음파로 처리할 경우 교반처리하는 경우 보다 1.5배 정도 용해율이 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 에스터 형태로 존재하는 추출물 중의 아스타잔틴의 분석을 위해 cholesterol esterase를 이용해 헤마토코커스 추출물을 가수분해처리를 하여 유리형으로 전환시킨 후 HPLC 분석을 수행하였다. 아스타잔틴의 함량을 분석하기 위해 역상칼럼(C18)과 UV/visible 검출기를 사용하였고, 이동상은 메탄올과 물(95:5)의 혼합용매를 사용하여 분석하였다. 효소처리 후, 헤마토코커스 추출물의 흡수스펙트럼이 합성 아스타잔틴과 유사한 패턴으로 변화하는 것을 확인함으로써 헤마토코커스로부터의 아스타잔틴의 추출 및 분석조건을 확립하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2009

목 적 : 액상 대두기반 영아식이 개발되어 시판되고 있으나 이에 대한 영양학적 연구는 미흡한 상태이다. 액상 대두영아식을 섭취하는 경우 영유아의 성장 및 발달을 모유 및 우유기반 영유아식을 먹이는 경우와 비교하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 6월부터 203년 8월까지 충북대학교병원에서 만기 정상분만으로 출생한 신생아를 대상으로 모유군(n=20)과 대두 영유아식(n=19) 및 우유 영유아식군(n=12)으로 나누어, 생후 첫 3개월간은 모유 및 인공 영유아식을 각 군에 해당하는 식이를 먹이고 생후 4개월부터는 이유식을 자유롭게 하도록 했다. 신체계측으로는 출생 시, 1, 2, 4, 5, 12개월, 그리고 36개월에 신장, 체중, 두위, 삼두박근 피부두께, 그리고 상완둘레를 측정하였다. 일반혈액 및 혈청의 화학검사는 생후 5, 12 그리고 36개월에 시행하였다. 결 과 : 생후 5개월까지는 대두 영유아식군의 체중이 가장 낮았으나 신장은 차이가 없었고, 이후 체중과 신장은 36개월까지 모든 영유아식군 간에 차이가 없었다. 혈중 헤모글로빈은 5개월과 12개월에 모유군이 가장 낮았다(P<0.05). 혈청화학 검사에서는 대두 영유아식군에서 생후 5개월에 BUN은 가장 높았고, cholesterol, 인, 포타슘은 가장 낮았으나, 그 이후는 모든 화학검사 수치의 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 대두기반 영유아식을 준 경우에 생후 3년간 우유 영유아식군이나 모유군에 비하여 신체의 성장에는 차이가 없었다. 대두기반 영유아식이 우유기반 영유아식이나 모유에 비하여 무기질 함량이 높은데도 불구하고 생후 5개월에 혈청 인 및 포타슘이 낮아 무기물의 흡수율을 높이는 방법을 개발해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1206-1211
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• 2006

The effects of taurine supplementation on growth performance, serum and liver concentrations of lipid, fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in the livers of broilers under chronic heat exposure conditions were investigated. The chicks with a similar body weight were equally assigned to one of three controlled-environment chambers. The brolier chicks, which were kept at $34^{\circ}C$ were fed either with a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 0.8% taurine, whereas broiler chicks kept at $22^{\circ}C$ were fed a control diet. Both of the BW and BW gains of broilers maintained at a temperature of $34^{\circ}C$ were significantly lower than those of the control group, which was maintained at a temperature of $22^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05). However, taurine addition in the diet of birds submitted to heat stress siginficantly improved BW gain (p<0.05). The feed intake of chicks declined with increases in temperature. The relative liver and gall bladder weights of chicks fed the control diet and maintained at $34^{\circ}C$ were significantly lower than those measured in the control birds (p<0.05). However, dietary taurine was found to compensate for these reductions in liver and gall bladder weights. Relative weights of abdominal fat did not differ significantly among the three groups. Serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the chicks fed the control diet and maintained at $34^{\circ}C$ compare to those measured in the chicks fed the control diet at $22^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05). Heat stress resulted in a significant reduction in total lipid and triglyceride levels, but also increased the levels of total cholesterol in the liver (p<0.05). However, dietary taurine supplementation under the heat stress condition resulted in the recovery, to control levels, of serum triglyceride concentrations, as well as the amounts of total lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol in the liver. The livers of chicks fed on taurine diets at $34^{\circ}C$ showed significantly higher proportions of C14:0, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, and 20:3, and lower C18:0 and C20:4 proportions than those of chicks fed on control diets at the same temperature (p<0.05). The total levels of saturated fatty acids decreased, but monounsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acid levels increased in chicks fed the taurine diet, as compared to chicks fed the control diet at $34^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05). Peroxidizability indices were significantly lower in the heat-exposed chicks fed the taurine diet than in the non-taurine heat-exposed groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary taurine results in an increase in the growth performances of chicks under heat stress conditions via improvements in lipid absorption and metabolism, as well as an induced reduction in lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.513-524
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dry powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in rats. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 157$\pm$6g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight and raised for four weeks with diets containing 5%(w/w) dry powders of two different vegetables consumed frequently by Korean-radish(Raphanus sativus L.) and onion(Allium cepa L.), ethanol extracts and juices from equal amount of each dry powder. All the powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion decreased total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations in plasma and liver. Above all, onion ethanol extract decreased them most remarkably. It was thought that organosulfur compounds and flavonoids extracted from onion by ethanol inhibited biosynthesis and absorption of lipid and promoted degradation of lipid. Radish powder also decreased them by increasing fecal excretions of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol most effectively. Catalase and glutathine peroxidase(GSH-px) activities in red blood cell(RBC) were most remarkably increased by radish powder and onion powder respectively. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and GSH-px activities in liver were most remarkably increased by onion ethanol extract, radish powder and onion ethanol extract respectively. Xanthine oxidase(XOD) activities in liver were most effectively decreased by ethanol extracts of radish and onion. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in plasma and liver of experimental groups were significantly lower than those of controls. Above all, onion powder decreased them most effectively. It was thought that vitamin E and high flavonoids in onion powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC SOD, catalase and GSH-px activities and inhibiting XOD activities effectively. Flavonoids in onion ethanol extract inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting three antioxident enzyme activities and inhibiting XOD activities most remarkably. Also flavonoids and high vitamin C in radish powder inhibited lipid peroxidation, promoting liver and RBC catalase most remarkably and inhibiting XOD activities. In conclusion, radish and onion were effective in lowering lipid levels and inhibiting of lipid peroxidation in animal tissue. From these data, radish and onion can be recommended in the treatment and prevention of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer and in delaying aging. As ethanol from onion were most effective in lowering lipid level and promoting three antioxident enzymes, and inhibited lipid peroxidation as did we should try to utilize onion skin which is discarded though reported to have abundant flavonoids. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 513~524, 2001)

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

Effects of dietary calcium lactate (CaL-A) and Chungkukjang (Korean native fermented soybean) on bone mass, calcium status, body weight, serum glucose and cholesterol levels in young male rats were investigated. Chungkukjang was fermented by mixing 4 types of Bacillus sp., and then dried at 45$^{\circ}C$. Calcium lactate was prepared from the ash of black snail. The rats were fed a commercial rat diet for 1 week and then the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Animals were divided into four dietary groups: one calcium-deficient diet (Ca-De) and one of three with calcium supplemented diets (5 g calcium/kg diet) with either calcium phosphate (Ca-P), CaL-A, or CaL-A + Chuntkukjang (CaL-AC). Calcium supplemented diets contained 39 g Ca-P/kg diet and 28 g/kg of calcium lactate in the CaL-A and CaL-AC diets. Body weight gains during the 4 weeks in the Ca-P, CaL-A, CaL-AC and Ca-De groups were 130.45 g,112.50 g, 143.40 g and 10.20 g, respectively. Feed consumption of the groups from high to low was CaL-AC > Ca-P > CaL-A > Ca-De. The Ca-De group had low femur weights and low serum calcium concentrations, while they were comparatively high in CaL-AC, Ca-P and CaL-A groups. The Ca-De groups excreted less calcium in urine than did the other rats, probably due to increased absorption of the mineral in Ca-P, CaL-A and CaL-AC groups. Microscopic observations revealed that there were many regularly spaced holes in the femur of Ca-De group, while there were much smaller regularly spaced holes in Ca-P group. However, no holes in femur were observed in the CaL-A and CaL-AC groups. Bone surfaces were especially smooth and clean in the CaL-AC group. Serum concentrations of glucose and total cholesterol were remarkably lower in the CaL-AC group than in the other supplemented groups. These results suggest that calcium from CaL-A has higher bioavailability than from Ca-P, and dietary Chungkukjang may have a beneficial effect on calcium metabolism.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2011

Probiotics have many effects such as antihypertensive, prevention of cancer, antioxidation, reduction of dermatitis symptoms, improvement of mineral absorption, reduction of allergic symptoms, and decrease of cholesterol, However, the main role of probiotics is that they balance intestinal microbials proportion. L. acidophilus is one of probiotics and microflora in intestine. It has an acidification activity, aroma production, texture formation and probiotics properties. We studied on the roles of L. acidophilus in mice. In this study, body weights of mice were decreased when administration of L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU) and swimming ability has been raised than a normal group after feeding on L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU). After taking L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU), total white cells were increased than a normal group; hemoglobin and thrombocytes were increased. The level of cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased in blood analysis. We knew L. acidophilus is related to innate immune system. We found out the secretion of cationic peptide was increased in the Lysoplate assays as a result of L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU) administration. Appearance rate of lysozyme was also increased than the normal group on an immunohistochemistry stain. We confirmed L. acidophilus contributes to host health through innate immune system stimulation. L. acidophilus more than $1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU are thought to be beneficial for the host health and prevention of intestinal diseases in field condition.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2014

Endosulfan은 높은 잔류성과 소수성을 가진 유기염소계 잔류성 농약이다. 이 연구는 십자화과 식물에 다량 함유되어 있고 심혈관계질환의 예방에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 인돌을 이용하여 소장에서 endosufan의 흡수에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 흰쥐를 이용해서 37 kBq의 $^{14}C$-endosulfan이 함유된 지질유화액을 시간당 3 mL씩 8시간 동안 지속적으로 공급받은 동물군을 대조군으로 하였고, 인돌이 함유된 지질유화액을 같은 조건에서 공급받은 동물군을 실험군으로 하여 8시간 동안 흡수율을 측정하였다. 림프순환계로 흡수된 대조군의 $^{14}C$-endosulfan 양에 비해 인돌을 공급받은 실험군의 $^{14}C$-endosulfan의 양이 유의적으로 감소되었다. 이와 유사하게 콜레스테롤의 흡수도 인돌에 의해서 유의적으로 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 8시간 동안 흡수되지 않고 장벽에 잔류하는 $^{14}C$-endosulfan 양이 인돌을 공급받은 실험군에서 유의적으로 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 림프순환계로의 endosulfan 흡수 감소현상은 인돌공급에 의해 소장의 점막에 잔류하는 endosulfan의 양이 증가되었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이상의 실험결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 십자화과 식물에 존재하는 인돌 성분의 섭취가 대표적인 잔류성 농약인 endosulfan의 소장에서의 흡수를 감소시켜 체내 잔류 저감화에 효과적으로 영향을 미치는 것을 이 실험을 통해서 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2000

Over-grown seaweeds in Donghae(east sea of Korea peninsula) may impedes ocean environment, however, they can be a good nutrient resources for poultry feeds if they are utilized properly. In this study, seaweeds powder were tested for laying hens\` ration to investigate the effects on egg production rate, egg quality and calcium phosphorus excretion. One hundred 65wks-old brown layers were fed for 5 weeks alotted with seaweeds powder addition to experimental diet by 0(control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%, respectively, and obtained following results; 1. Seaweeds proved a mid-protein low-energy feed resources with planty of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Sr and Fe. 2. Seaweeds addition by 0.5% and 1.0% improved egg production rate and egg-mass output markedly(p<0.05) than control. Seaweeds addition did not alter cholesterol level of yolk and yolk index, however egg shell thickness showed increasing trend by increasing seaweeds addition level. 3. Protein absorption and digestibility in seaweed addition treatments were significantly higher(p<0.05) than control group and protein contents of excreta in 0.5% and 1.0% treatments were reduced(p<0.05), which suggests effective protein metabolism for egg production. Increasing seaweeds addition reduces Ca and P contents in rectum and excreta, suggesting Ca and P utilization improvement in laying hens and lessening soil pollution. 4. In conclusion, seaweeds addition in layers' diet by 1.0% level improves egg-mass production and might be egg quality by increasing metabolism of protein, calcium and phosphorus.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2011

Simvastatin is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, an early and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Simvastatin has good permeability, but it also has low solubility (BCS class II), which reduces its bioavailability. To overcome this problem, a solid dispersion is formed using a spray-dryer with polymeric material carrier to potentially enhance the dissolution rate and extend drug absorption. As carriers for solid dispersion, Gelucire$^{(R)}$44/14 and Gelucire$^{(R)}$ 50/13 are semisolid excipients that greatly improve the bioavailability of poorly-soluble drugs. To avoid any toxic effects of an organic solvent, we used aqueous medium to melt Tween$^{(R)}$ 80 and distilled water. The structural behaviors of the raw materials and the solid dispersion were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DSC and PXRD data indicated that the crystalline structure of simvastatin was transformed to an amorphous structure through solid dispersion. Then, solid dispersion-based tablets containing 20 mg simvastatin were prepared with excipients. Dissolution tests were performed in distilled water and artificial intestinal fluid using the USP paddle II method. Compared with that of the commercial tablet (Zocor$^{(R)}$ 20 mg), the release of simvastatin from solid dispersion based-tablet was more efficient. Although the stability study is not complete, this solid dispersion system is expected to deliver poorly water-soluble drugs with enhanced bioavailability and less toxicity.