• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.298-304
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• 2018

The single-vessel multienzyme UDP-${\alpha}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucose recycling system was coupled with a forward glucosylation reaction to produce novel glucose moiety-conjugated derivatives of different tetracycline antibiotic analogs. Among five tetracycline analogs used for the reaction, four molecules (chlorotetracycline, doxytetracycline, meclotetracycline, and minotetracycline) were accepted by a glycosyltransferase enzyme, YjiC, from Bacillus licheniformis to produce glucoside derivatives. However, the enzyme was unable to conjugate sugar units to rolitetracycline. All glucosides of tetracycline derivatives were characterized by ultraviolet absorbance maxima, ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array, and high-resolution quadruple time-of-flight electrospray mass spectrometry analyses. These synthesized glucosides are novel tetracycline derivatives.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of thawing temperature on the sperm viability and acrosomal morphology for semen storage of miniature pig by the 0.5ml straw method. In this present study, sperm viability (SYBR-14/PI staining), membrane integrity (Hypoosmotic Swelling Test), acrosome intactness, intensity and capacitation status (chlorotetracycline staining) in frozen miniature pig sperm were evaluated after thawing at 37, 50 and $70^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10 and 45 sec, respectively. Interestingly, the results indicated that sperm thawed at $70^{\circ}C$ for 5 sec significantly (p<0.05) increased sperm viability, but lower the percentage of AR (acrosome reacted spermatozoa) pattern compared to sperm thawed at $37^{\circ}C$ for 45 sec and $50^{\circ}C$ for 10 sec. In terms of thawing condition, high temperature for a short time using the 0.5ml straw was improved cryosurvival of miniature pig semen. Therefore, appropriate thawing method for cryopreservation of miniature pig is required for increasing post-thawing viability.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2011

This study was undertaken to find out the effect of cholesterol and serum albumin on sperm ability and lipid peroxidation levels period to the liquid storage of miniature pig sperm. Ejaculated semen from miniature pigs was collected by gloved-hand method into a pre-warmed ($37^{\circ}C$) thermos bottle, and extended with Modena solution {with and without BSA, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (-cholesterol) and cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin (+cholesterol)}. Each semen was assessed for viability (SYBR-14/PI staining) and acrosome intactness, intensity and capacitation status by chlorotetracycline (CTC) staining at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days of storage. At for the effects of cholesterol and serum albumin on lipid peroxidation, semen were incubated with $H_2O_2$ ($10\;{\mu}M$), and lipid peroxidation level were measured by flow cytometry using the lipid peroxidation reporter probe $C_{11}-BODIPY^{581/591}$. The result, lipid peroxidation level in sperm added with cholesterol were lower in $10\;{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ compared to the added sperm with serum albumin. Also, added cholesterol to sperm had significant (p<0.05) higher viability when storage for 7 and 10 days and lower when 10 days of storage percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm (AR pattern) in acrosome state as say result compared to other treated groups. In conclusion, role of cholesterol during lipid storage in miniature pig spermatozoa was protected boar spermatozoa from lipid peroxidation prior to lipid storage. Addition serum albumin during lipid storage in sperm may be induce sperm membrane damage by lipid peroxidation. Therefore, addition of cholesterol to miniature pig sperm will be lead to extension of liquid storage periods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1153-1158
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 and its effects on growth performance and antioxidant status in weaning piglets. The survival in hydrogen peroxide and free radical-scavenging activity of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 were analysed in vitro. The Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 showed high viability in 1.0 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide and high scavenging ability against hydroxyl, superoxide anion, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals which was dose dependent. Ninety-six weaning piglets were selected ($7.45{\pm}0.79kg$) and divided into three groups comprising of negative control without any supplementation, treatment group with supplemented $6.8{\times}10^7$ Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 CFU/g of diet, and positive control with antibiotic treatment (chlorotetracycline, 80 mg/kg diet). The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 supplementation enhanced feed conversion rates in piglets compared with control (p<0.05). Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 increased the concentration of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) and catalase in serum (p<0.10), while decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde (p<0.05). The present study implies that the strain Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 had high antioxidant ability and its supplementation improved the growth performance and antioxidant status of weaning piglets, so it can be considered useful to alleviate oxidative stress and increase productive performance of pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.351-358
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• 2007

Carbohydrate-protein interactions are known to be important in gamete interactions. Several evidence indicated that a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan was potential inhibitor of fertilization in vitro and thus fucose seemed to be part of the recognition signal of gamete interaction in mammals. In recent investigation we found that ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase activity was present in boar spermatozoa and it was related to sperm binding to and penetration into zona pellucida (ZP) in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of monosaccharide L-fucose and polysaccharide fucoidan on sperm ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase activity and relation to sperm-oocyte interaction in pig. Results indicated that the activity of sperm ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase was largely inhibited (62%) when sperm suspension was treated with monosaccharide L-fucose. It also significantly inhibited the number of sperm binding to ZP (32%) and penetration into zona-intact oocytes (72%), but did not inhibit penetration into zona-free oocytes when fertilization medium contained L-fucose. The chlorotetracycline (CTC) assessment showed that L-fucose did not affect induction of sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. In contrast, the activity of sperm ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase was not inhibited when sperm suspension was treated with polysaccharide fucoidan but sperm-ZP binding was greatly inhibited (85%) and completely blocked sperm penetration into zona-intact or zona-free oocytes. The CTC assessment showed that fucoidan increased the F pattern and decreased the AR pattern sperm. These results suggested that the different inhibitory mechanisms were present between monosaccharide L-fucose and polysaccharide fucoidan on sperm-oocyte interaction, the inhibition effect of ${\alpha}$-L-fucose on sperm binding and penetrating into ZP caused sperm ${\alpha}$-L-fucosidase inhibited by ${\alpha}$-L-fucose.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess sperm quality during in vitro storage of miniature-pig semen in order to determine which extender should be used and how extender can be diluted for in vitro storage of miniature-pig semen. Freshly ejaculated miniature-pig's semen was diluted with same volumes of Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS), Androhep, Modena, Mulberry III and modified-Modena extenders. Sperm quality was evaluated by examining viability, motility, abnormality, acrosome intactness, intensity and capacitation status by chlorotetracycline (CTC) staining. Sperm motility decreased with storage period prolonged and differences among BTS, Androhep, Modena and Mulberry III were apparent On Day 1, approximately 80% of the sperm were motile, but motility decreased to $40\%$ at Day 7. During the 7 days of storage, sperm survival in modified-Modena B extender was higher than another extenders. However, it was not differ significantly among other extenders. The percentage of F and B patterns were not differ significantly among the extenders. However, F pattern in modified-Modena B extender was slightly higher until 3 days of storage than that of Modena extender, modified-Modena A extender and modified-Modena C extender. The percentage of AR patterns in modified-Modena B extender was slightly lower, but did not differ significantly among other extenders. The results of present study suggest that modified-Modena B was effective as new extender for in vitro storage of miniature-pig semen.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.372-378
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• 2005

An analysis method of tetracyclines far fish and shellfish products containing large amount of low molecular materials and pigments was established. The recovery of the established analysis method for four tetracycline samples was $72-100\%$ and higher than other methods reported. Especially, proposed sample treatment protocol was shown to be effective for the removal of low molecular materials and pigments that tend to interfere with accurate analysis. The detection limit of oxytetracycline (OTC) and tetracycline (TC) from the sample was 0.02 ppm, and the detection limit of chlortetracycline (CTC) and doxycycline (DC) from the sample was 0.1ppm, To examine the efficiency of the established method and identify tetracycline usage in fish farms, tetracycline group antibiotics in the flounder being cultured was monitored. The improved method can be used for fish and shellfish products effectively and all surveyed fish farms have used tetracycline all the year round. The proposed method was adopted as official method for fishery products by Korean Food and Drug Administration in 2003 and it is being used by regulatory authority as National Fishery Products Quality Inspection Service.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary yeast culture containing rPST on growth performances and the characteristics of body compositions in broiler chickens. A total of 460 Ross male broiler chicks aged 2-day-old were fed one of five experimental diets; Control(devoid of all), TI (with $0.1\%$ antibiotics; chlorotetracycline), T2 (with $0.1\%$ rPST-yeast culture), T3 (with $0.2\%$ rPST-yeast culture) or T4 (with $0.2\%$ SC yeast culture) for 6 weeks. Feed consumption and body weights were measured weekly. At week 5 of the experiment, 10 chicks were randomly selected and sacrificed. The relative weights of each organ and the chemical composition of edible meat were measured. The enzyme activity, total cholesterol, Ca and P were also determined. Tibial weight, bone strength and chemical composition were investigated. There were no significant differences in feed intake and feed conversion ratios among the treatments throughout the experimental period. Body weight gains tended to be increased by feeding of diets containing rPST-yeast culture. The relative weight of breast muscle in T3 group was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05). The moisture contents of breast meat in groups fed diets containing rPST-yeast culture or SC yeast culture were significantly increased as compared with those of the control and n. However, the contents of crude protein and ether extract were not affected by feeding of rPST-yeast culture. There were no significant differences in GOT, total cholesterol, Ca and P. The relative weight and strength and proximal composition of the tibia were also not affected by dietary treatments. These results indicated that dietary rPST-yeast culture may be a valuable alternative for optimizing growth performances, particularly for improving the yield of breast muscle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2002

A broiler experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris) on the growth performance, small intestinal microflora and immune response in broiler chickens. One thousand hatched broiler chickens(Ross$^{(R)}$) were assigned to 6 treatments: control (basal diet), CTC; chlorotetracycline 100ppm, YC-SC; yeast culture(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 0.3%, YC-PP; yeast culture(Pichia pastoris) 0.3%, RPPC-0.1; refined Pichia pastoris culture 0.1%, RPPC-0.3; refined Pichia pastoris culture 0.3%. There were no significant differences in growth, feed intake, feed efficiency and mortality among the treatments. However, chickens fed diets with yeast cultures showed numerically higher weight gain than those fed the control diets. Supplementation of yeast cultures and CTC improved feed efficiency and decreased mortality compared to control. Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by the dietary treatments. Total number of Lactobacilli in small intestine was higher while that of Cl. perfringens was lower with yeast culture treatments than control. Small intestine E. coli population of RPPC-0.3 treatment was significantly lower than that of the control. The serum IgG concentration tended to be higher in broilers fed yeast cultures than those fed the control and CTC diet. In conclusion, the supplementation of yeast culture products showed, although not significant but, numerical advantages in productivity and profile of microbial flora and serum IgG compared to the control and CTC supplementation.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.385-390
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was undertaken to evaluate of cryopreservation efficiency in ${\alpha}$ 1,3-galactosyltransferase knock-out(GalT KO) cloned miniature pig sperm. To compare ability of frozen-thawed sperm characteristics, three different pig strains (GalT KO) cloned miniature pig, PWG miniature pig and Duroc were used. The ejaculated semen from the three pig species was diluted with same volume extender and added to LEY solution for freezing. The diluted semen was placed in 0.5 ml straws, and freezing was initiated by exposing the straws to liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) vapours for 10 min before placing them into $LN_2$ for cryopreservation. After thawing, the sperm ability were assessed for viability (SYBR-14/PI staining), abnormality (Rose Bengal staining), and acrosome status (intactness, intensity and capacitation) (chlorotetracycline, CTC staining). The viability of frozen-thawed GalT KO pig sperm had no significant difference as compared with Duroc and PWG miniature pig sperm. However, The CTC pattern of frozen-thawed GalT KO cloned miniature pig spermatozoa showed significantly lower rates in F pattern and AR pattern (p<0.05) and significantly higher rates in B pattern than Duroc and PWG miniature pig (p<0.05). The abnormality of GalT KO cloned miniature pig sperm was significantly lower as compared to Duroc and PWG miniature pig sperm (p<0.05). In conclusion, GalT KO cloned miniature pig semen can be cryopreserved successfully and used for artificial insemination reasonably.