• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the suppressive effect of chlorophyll a on nitric oxide (NO) production and intracellular oxidative stress. In addition, chlorophyll a regulation of nuclear factor (NF) ${\kappa}B$ activation and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression were explored as potential mechanisms of NO suppression in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cell line. RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were preincubated with various concentrations ($0-10\;{\mu}g/ mL$) of chlorophyll a and stimulated with LPS to induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Treatment with chlorophyll a reduced the accumulation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), enhancing glutathione level and the activities of antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and glutathione reductase in LPS-stimulated macrophages compared to LPS-only treated cells. NO production was significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05) with an $IC_{50}$ of $12.8\;{\mu}g/mL$. Treatment with chlorophyll a suppressed the levels of iNOS protein and its mRNA expression. The specific DNA binding activities of NFkB on nuclear extracts from chlorophyll a treated cells were significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ of $10.7\;{\mu}g/mL$. Chlorophyll a ameliorates NO production and iNOS expression through the down-regulation of NFkB activity, which may be mediated by attenuated oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2004

Changes in the level of metabolites in leaves and pods were examined with respect to the seed chemical composition in black soybean. There was no further increase in pod length after 42 days after flowering (DAF). Pod weight, however, persistently increase until 73 DAF, thereafter the weight was slightly lowered. The seed storage protein, however, increased drastically as the increasing rate of pod weight was lessened at 61 DAF. The accumulation of seed storage proteins was occurred conspicuously as the increasing rate of pod weight was slowed down. The chlorophyll content both in leaves and pods was drastically decreased after 50 DAF. The beginning of drastic reduction in chlorophyll content was occurred concomitantly with the reduction of soluble protein content in leaves. The sugar content in leaves showed similar tendency with chlorophyll and soluble protein content. The starch level in leaves, however, showed different changing pattern during seed development. The starch content in leaves was increased persistently until 66 DAF, thereafter the content was decreased drastically to about $55\%$ of maximal value at 66 DAF. Total phenolics content in leaves and the anthocyanins content in seeds were stable without noticeable increase until 66 DAF. The contents were increased dramatically after 66 DAF showing the synchronized pattern with the decrease in starch level in leaves. The levels of the selected metabolites in leaf and seed suggested that the accumulation of chemical components of black soybean seed is launched actively at 66 DAF. The profile of storage proteins was nearly completed at 61 DAF because there was no large difference in densitometric intensity among protein subunits after 61 DAF. In soybean, chemical maturation of seed begins around 61 to 66 DAF at which most metabolites in vegetative parts are decreased and remobilized into maturing seeds.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1993

호르몬이 결여되고 polyamine이 농도별로 처리된 M MS배지에서 10일 동안 발아생장(light, 16hrs: d dark, 8hrs) 시켜서 얻은 벼 잎 절편에서 엽록소 함 량은 polyamine 처리구가 대조구에 비해 높았으며, s spermine(O.OlmM, O.lmM, ImM) 이 가장 효과적이였다. 한편 chloroplast peroxidase의 활성은 polyamine 처리구가 대조구에 비해 전반적으로 높았으며, 특히 1mM spermidine 처리구는 약 100% 정도 활성을 증가시켰다. SDS-PAGE에 의해 chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein의 band를 조사한 결과 polyamine 처리구와 대조구에서 56, 2 25Kd의 major band를 얻었으며 이 band들의 total a area는 polyamine 처리구가 대조구 보다 더 높았다. 이러한 결과들은 벼 유식물에서 엽록체 발달에 p polyamine이 중요한 인자로 작용한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2015

본 연구는 Chlorella vulgaris에 자외선을 조사하여 획득한 변이주 중 색소함량이 높은 변이주 2종(UBM1-2, UBM2-57)의 특성을 분석하였다. 2종의 변이주의 생장속도는 WT와 비교했을 때 20% 가량 더딘 생장율을 보였고, 세포건조 중량 및 단백질 함량 또한 세포생장과 비슷한 패턴을 보였다. 지질 함량은 UBM1-2 변이주에서 WT와 비교 시 21% 높은 지질 함량을 확인하였지만, UBM2-57 변이주는 WT보다 39% 낮은 지질함량을 축적하고 있음을 확인하였다. 하지만, 색소함량(클로로필, 카로티노이드)의 경우 WT와 비교 시 유의적으로 높은 함량을 축적하고 있음을 확인하였다. 클로로필함량은 UBM1-2, UBM2-57 변이주가 WT보다 각각 37%, 89% 높았고, 카로티노이드 함량은 WT보다 각각 27%, 70% 높음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 선별한 미세조류 변이주는 야생균주와 비교 시 세포 생장에 큰 차이를 보이지 않으며, 유용성분을 다량 함유하고 있어 화장품 및 의약품, 건강 기능식품의 중요한 소재로써 이용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1980

디노프라젤레이트(dinoflagellate)들의 광채취색소단백질들은 안데나색소복합체들 내에서 카로테노이드(페리디닌)로부터 크로필 a로 실질적으로 100%의 효율을 갖는 에너지전달현상을 보여준다. 이와같이 디노프라젤레이트에서 광합성을 위한 태양에너지의 채취가 (특히 청(靑)색광에서) 높은 효율로 일어나는 것은 단백질표면의 갈라진 틈안에 위치한 페리디닌과 프로로필 a의 독특한 분자배치에 기인하는 것이다. 고등식물에서 가로테노이드와 크로로필 a 사이에 일어나는 에너지 전달메카니즘에 관해서도 디노프라젤레이트 안데나 색소복합체들과 비교해서 고찰하였다. Algae에서 광합성을 위한 태양에너지, 특히 적(赤)색광의 채취를 다룬 하나의 예로서 Chroomonas Species의 보조광합성색소단백질인 크로오오 모나스 피코시아닌의 분자토포그라피와 에너지전달도 역시 고찰하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표대회
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• pp.122-122
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• 2003

Expressed sequence tags (EST) are help to quickly identify functions of expressed genes and to understand the complexity of gene expression. In order to analyze gene expression of the leaf development in Panax ginseng, which is one of the most important medicinal plant, expressed sequence tags (EST) analysis was carried out. We constructed a cDNA library using the immature leaf of Chunpoong. Partial sequences were obtained from 3,170 clones. The ESTs could be clustered into 1,624 (56.1%) non-redundant groups. Similarity search of the non-redundant ESTs against public non-redundant databases of both protein and DNA indicated that 1,137 groups show similarity to genes of known function. These ESTs clones were divided into sixteen categories depending upon gene function. Most abundant transcripts in immature ginseng leaf were photosynthesis related protein, such as chlorophyll a/b binding protein LHCII type I (128), chlorophyll a/b binding protein (53), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (41), and photosystem I psaH (26). The EST data from immature leaf generated in this study is useful in dissecting gene expression in leaf organ of ginseng.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

Nitrogen management at the panicle initiation stage(PI) should be fine-tuned for securing a concurrent high yield and high quality rice production. For calibration and testing of the recommendation models of N topdressing rates at PI for target grain yield and protein content of rice, three split-split-plot design experiments including five rice cultivars and various N rates were conducted at the experimental farm of Seoul National University, Korea from 2003 to 2005. Data from the first two years of experiments were used to calibrate models to predict grain yield and milled-rice protein content using shoot fresh weight(FW), chlorophyll meter value(SPAD), and the N topdressing rate(Npi) at PI by stepwise multiple regression. The calibrated models explained 85 and 87% of the variation in grain yield and protein content, respectively. The calibrated models were used to recommend Npi for the target protein content of 6.8%, with FW and SPAD measured for each plot in 2005. The recommended N rate treatment was characterized by an average protein content of 6.74%(similar to the target protein content), reduced the coefficient of variation in protein content to 2.5%(compared to 4.6% of the fixed rate treatment), and increased grain yield. In the recommended N rate treatments for the target protein content of 6.8%, grain yield was highly dependent on FW and SPAD at PI. In conclusion, the models for N topdressing rate recommendation at PI were successful under present experimental conditions. However, additional testing under more variable environmental conditions should be performed before universal application of such models.

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.398-404
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• 1996

Light-chilling effects were investigated in chilling-sensitive cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Ilmichungjang) and chilling-resistant pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Giant) leaf discs in relation to possible damage in D1 protein. In both plants, dark-chilling did not cause any noticeable changes in (Fv)m/Fm and lincomycin did not affect the decrease in (Fv)m/Fm caused by light-chilling. This result suggests that the de novo synthesis of D1 protein did not occur actively during light-chilling. In pea light-chilled for 6 h. the decreased (Fv)m/Fm was partly recovered in the dark, and almost complete recovery was observed in the light. In cucumber light-chilled for 3 h. the reduced (Fv)m/Fm decreased further for the initial 2 h recovery process in the light regardless of the treatment of lincomycin and recovered very slowly. In both plant species, the treatment of lincomycin inhibited the recovery process in the light, but did not significantly inhibit the process in the dark. In cucumber leaves pulse-labeled with $[^{35}S]Met$, the labeled band intensities of isolated pigment-protein complexes were almost the same during the 6 h light-chilling, but significant decreases in band intensities were observed during the 3 h recovery period. This result suggests that the irreversibly damaged D1 protein was degraded during the recovery period. However, no noticeable changes were observed in the pea leaves during the 12 h chilling and 3 h recovery period. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the pigment-protein complexes showed that the principal lesion sites of light-chilling were different from those of room temperature photoinhibition.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.227-237
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• 1988

Effects of putrescine on senescence in detached leaves of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) in the light were investigated. The putrescine as a potent antisenescence substane markedly inhibited chlorophyll and protein loss at the 10mM concentraton in the detached leaves during the dark incubation. In the light, however, putrescine showed the opposite effects to dark incubation. The chlorphyll loss by putrescine in the light was stopped with darktransfer, and inhibited competitively by a divalent cation Ca2+. In the light, putrescine reduced the protease activity. Putrescine, in the light, increased H2O2 content and reduced the activities of enzymes -superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6-involved in inhibiting the accumulation of free radicals. These results suggest that the effects of puterscine on chlorophyll and protein loss in detached leaves of Chinese cabbage in the light are related to the cationic nature of putrescine and the accumulation of free radicals.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.296-300
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• 1998

본 실험은 담배에서 염스트레스에 따른 생리적 반응의 연구결과(제1보)를 기초로, NaCl를 농도별로 처리하여 생체내에서 일어나는 생화학적인 변화의 구명을 통해 염해기작의 기초자료로 얻고자 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 총단백질과 가용성단백질은 염농도가 높아질수록 감소하였으며 처리간에는 120mM까지는 완만히 감소하였고, 150mM에서는 급격한 감소를 나타냈다. 전기영동 패턴은 염농도의 증가에 따라 새로운 polypeptide band의 생성과 소멸은 없었으며 약 74Kd의 polypeptide band에서 30mM과 60mM까지는 뚜렷한 양이 증가하였고 90mM부터는 감소하였다. 엽록소함량은 염농도의 증가에 따라 감소하였으며 특히 염해에 의한 반응은 엽록소b보다는 엽록소a가 민감하였다. ATPase활성과 peroxidase의 활성은 염농도가 높아질수록 120mM까지는 일정하게 증가하였으나 150mM에서 급격히 증가하여 담배의 염해의 생화학적인 제한범위는 120mM로 나타났다.