• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2007

H. pluviails는 고광도와 질소 결핍 배지 조건에서 ketocarotenoid의 일종인 astaxanthin을 다량 축적하는 녹조류이다. 스트레스가 없는 조건에서 키운 green cell과 astaxanthin이 합성된 red cell을 HPLC를 통해 비교해 본 결과 각 색소의 양이 변화하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 여러 ester 형태의 astaxanthin이 생합성 되고, zeaxanthin이 늘어난 반면, lutein과 ${\beta}$-carotene은 감소하였다. 또한 total chlorophyll 양이 줄어드는 대신 total carotenoid의 양이 늘어남을 보였다. H. pluvilalis에서 찾아낸 astaxanthin 생합성 경로에 있는 carotenoid hydroxylase, phytoene desaturase, isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, ${\beta}$-carotene ketolase 유전자는 음성대조군인 chloroplast chlorophyll a-b binding protein와는 달리cell이 성장하기 좋은 조건의 상태보다 astaxanthin을 생합성하기 위해 고광도의 스트레스를 받았을 때 더 높은 발현양상을 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2003

본 연구는 아연폐광지역의 토양에 토양개량제를 처리한 후 구절초와 층꽃나무의 생장반응을 연구함으로서 생태계 복원을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 아연폐광지의 토양은 유기물 함량ㅇ이 낮았고, 토양 중 중금속 이온은 Zn의 함량이 가장 높았고 Pb, Cu, Cd순이었다. 아연폐광지역 토양에 슬러지 처리 시 유기물 함량이 가장 높았고, 중금속 이온 함량은 토양개량제 초리구간의 차이가 적었다. 생육반응을 보면 구정초와 층꽃나무 모두 슬러지 처리구의 효과가 나타났다. 구절초와 층꽃나무의 가용성 단백질, 엽록소 함량, 엽록소 형광 반응은 슬러지 처리구에서 가장 높았고, 광함성량과 증산량도 슬러지 처리구에서 높았다. 중금속 축적량은 구절초는 슬러지 처리구에서 낮았던 반면 층꽃나무는 슬러지 처리구에서 높았다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

The deteriorative effect of ultraviolet-B(UV-B) radiation on photosynthesis was assessed by the simultaneous measurement of O$_2$ evolution and chlorophyll(Chl) fluorescence in green pepper. UV-B was given at the intensity of 1 W$.$m$\^$-2/, a dosage often encountered in urban area of Seoul in Korea, to detached leaves. Both Pmax and quantum yield of O$_2$ evolution was rapidly decreased, in a parallel phase, with increasing time of UV-B treatment. Chl fluorescence parameters were also significantly affected. Fo was increased while both Fm and Fv were decreased. Photochemical efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm) was also declined, although to a lesser extent than Pmax. Both qP and NPQ were decreased similarly with increasing time of UV-B treatment. However, PS I remained stable. The addition of lincomycin prior to UV-B treatment accelerated the decline in Fv/Fm to some extent, suggesting that D1 protein turnover may play a role in overcoming the harmful effect of UV-B. The amount of photosynthetic pigments was less affected than photosynthetic response in showing decline in Chl a and carotenoids after 24 h-treatment. Presumptive flavonoid contents, measured by changes in absorbance at 270 nm , 300 nm and 330nm, were all increased by roughly 50% after 8 h-treatment. Among antioxidant enzymes, activities of catalase and peroxidase were steadily increased until 12h of UV-B treatment whereas ascorbate perxidase, dehydroascorvate reductase and glutathione reductase did not show any significant change. The results indicate that deteriorative effect of UV-B on photosynthesis precedes the protection exerted by pigment synthesis and antioxidant enzymes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.224-227
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• 2012

종자 새싹에 대한 소비자의 관심이 세계적으로 증가하면서 영양학적으로 가능성 있는 새싹 잎에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 흰색(WRM), 청색(BRM) 및 적색(RRM)의 광원에 따른 홍화새싹 성분과 비타민 C 함량을 연구하였다. 대략적인 수분, 회분 및 총 지방의 함량은 BRM 또는 WRM 보다는 RRM 광원으로 재배한 홍화 새싹에서, 조단백질 함량은 BRM이나 RRM 보다는 WRM으로 재배한 홍화 새싹에서 높게 측정되었다. 클로로필 함량은 WRM이나 BRM 보다는 RRM에서 재배한 홍화새싹이 높게 측정되었으며, 비타민 C 함량은 WRM, BRM, 그리고 RRM에서 재배한 홍화새싹에서 각각 157.57, 164.64, 그리고 158.10 mg%이었다. 본 연구 결과는 다양한 광원에서 홍화 새싹을 재배하는 것이 홍화 새싹의 영양학적 품질을 향상시키는 효과적인 방법이라는 것을 보여주었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2013

돌김은 단백질, 탄수화물 및 조회분 함량이 매우 높았으며, EPA가 전체 지방산 함량 중 53-55%를 차지하였다. 돌김의 색소 중 ${\beta}$-카로틴과 루테인을 포함하는 카로티노이드 함량이 피코에리트린과 피코시아닌을 포함하는 피코빌린 함량보다 높았으며 클로로필 a는 가장 적게 함유되었고 모든 색소는 반돌김과 파래김보다 온돌김에 적게 함유되었다. 돌김의 산화방지 성분 중 포피란 함량이 가장 높았으며 토코페롤 함량은 가장 낮았다. 파래김에 비해 온돌김과 반돌김의 폴리페놀 화합물 함량이 유의하게 높았으며 포피란 함량은 돌김의 종류에 관계없이 비슷하였다. 돌김의 종류 에 따른 큰 차이없이 물 또는 20% 에탄올 추출물은 100% 에탄올 추출물에 비해 유의하게 높은 라디칼 소거 활성을 나타냈다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1992

The inhibitory effects of mercury ions on the growth of barley seedlings were studied and the distribution of metal elements in the organs of treated plants was investigated by using synchrotron radiation induced X-ray emission (SRIXE). Although the treatment of mercury ions caused growth inhibition, the mercury-specific increase in variable fluorescence and the abolishment of energy-dependent quenching in broken barley chloroplasts as shown by Moon et at. (1992) were not observed in the leaves of growth-inhibited seedlings. Instead the treatment of mercury decreased Fmax and Fo values. However, Fmax/Fo ratio and photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching coefficients were not affected significantly. By SRIXE analysis of $10\mu\textrm{m}$ mercury chloride treated seedlings, accumulation of mercury in roots was observed after 1 hour of treatment and similar concentration was sustained for 48 hours. Relative contents of mercury was high in roots and underground nodes where seeds were attachedl but was very low in leaves. Iron and zinc were also distributed mainly in the lower parts of the seedlings. However after 72 hours of treatment the contents of these metals in roots decreased and their distribution became more uniform, which may lead to death of the plants. These results suggest that the observed inhibitory effects on barley seedlings upto 48 hours after the treatment is not due to direct damages in the photosynthetic apparatus, but due to its accumulation in roots and the consequent retardation of the growth of barley seedlings. The decrease in Fmax and Fo is probably due to the decrease in chlorophyll and protein contents caused by the retardation of growth. The observed slow expansion of primary leaves could be also explained by the retardation of growth, but the fluorescence induction pattern from the leaves did not show characteristic symptoms of leaves under water stress.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2014

The present study has been performed on one year old tree saplings of Azadirachta indica (L.), Cassia siamea (L.), Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.), Eucalyptus rostrata (L.), Mangifera indica (L.) and Schyzygium cumini (L.) in order to assess the effect of exposure of $SO_2-NO_2$, alone and combination of two gases. Tree saplings have been exposed to an average of $495{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ $SO_2$ and $105{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ $NO_2$ for 40 d at the rate of $4hd^{-1}$ during 10:00 am to 01:00 pm in OTC. Total chlorophyll, specific leaf area (SLA), nitrate reductase (NR) activity, foliar protein, free proline content and free amino acids (AAs) of foliage have been the plant parameters, taken into consideration to evaluate the effect of gaseous exposure. Exposure of two gases has caused reduction in total chlorophyll content (P < 0.05, 0.01). Physiological and biochemical process has been seemed to be altered noticeable due to the combined effect of $SO_2+NO_2$ followed by $SO_2$ alone (P < 0.05, 0.01). $NO_2$ mediated stress has produced, stimulatory and inhibitory responses in tree saplings. Results reveal that tree saplings have been attempted to absorb the $NO_2$ through N assimilation pathway. E. rostrata, C. siamea have been emerged as moderate tolerant to $SO_2$ mediated stress followed by A. indica. Response pattern of S. cumini, M. indica and D. sissoo set them as good indicators of $SO_2-NO_2$ exposure. Effects of two gases on tree saplings have been found to be synergistic.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2010

To ascertain the effect of over-expressed maize calreticulin in tomato plant on tobamovirus movement in addition to validating potentiality of the gene (ZmCRT) as a means for the virus-resistance resource, four ZmCRT-expressing homozygous lines were generated from the T0 plants as using an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, nucleic acid analyses, and a conventional breeding method. Of them, a line was subjected to the bioassay for tolerances to tobacco mosaic virus-U1 (TMV-U1) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) followed by RT-PCR and a chlorophyll fluorescence quenching analyses. Both transgenic plants transcribing ZmCRT and wild-type plants showed no symptom by 20 days after viruses inoculation, however the photosystem II quantum yield parameter measured from the upper leaves of ToMV-inoculated plants revealed that ZmCRT transgenic plants have higher photosynthetic ability than wild-type ones at that time, which indirectly implies that over-expressed ZmCRT product acts as a barrier to the cell-to-cell and/or systemic movement of ToMV. Moreover, ZmCRT transgenic plants showed remarkably longer shoot length than wild-type ones in 40 days after TMV-U1 or ToMV inoculation each, which might be resulted from higher photosynthetic ability during the phase not yet showing any external symptoms. Collectively, over-expressed ZmCRT protein in tomato plants is able to interrupt the systemic movement of infected TMV-U1 and ToMV even though not perfect.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.855-869
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease with an increasing incidence globally; therefore, there is a growing demand for natural compounds effective in treating dermatitis. In this study, the protective effects of Lycium barbarum leaves with and without chlorophyll (LLE and LLE[Ch-]) on AD were investigated in animal models of AD and HaCaT cells. Further, we investigated whether LLE and LLE(Ch-) show any differences in physiological activity. MATERIALS/METHODS: AD was induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) for three weeks, while NC/Nga mice were fed LLE or LLE(Ch-) extracts for 7 weeks. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and cytokine (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-4) concentrations and the degree of DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes were examined. A histopathological examination (haematoxylin & eosin staining and blue spots of toluidine) of the dorsal skin of mice was performed. To elucidate the mechanism of action, the expression of the thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) were measured in HaCaT cells. RESULTS: Serum IgE and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) levels as well as DNA fragmentation of lymphocytes were significantly decreased in AD-induced mice treated with LLE or LLE(Ch-) compared to those of the control group. The epidermal thickness of the dorsal skin and mast cell infiltration in the LLE group significantly reduced compared to that in the control group. The LLE extracts showed no cytotoxicity up to 1,000 ㎍/mL in HaCaT cells. LLE or LLE(Ch-)-treated group showed a reduction of TARC and MDC in TNF-α-and IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that LLE potentially improves inflammation by reducing the expression of chemokines that inhibit T helper 2 cell migration. LLE(Ch-) showed similar effects to LLE on blood levels of IgE, TNF-α and IL-6 and protein expression in HaCat cells, but the ultimate effect of skin improvement was not statistically significant. Therefore, both LLE and LLE(Ch-) can be used as functional materials to alleviate AD, but LLE(Ch-) appears to require more research to improve inflammation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2008

We evaluated the response to salt stress of two different ginseng lines, STG3134 and STG3159, which are sensitive and tolerant, respectively, to salt treatment. Plants were exposed to a 5 dS/m salt solution, and chlorophyll fluorescence was measured. STG3134 ginseng was more sensitive than STG3159 to salt stress. To characterize the cellular response to salt stress in the two different lines, changes in protein expression were investigated using a proteomic approach. Total protein was extracted from detached salt-treated leaves of STG3134 and STG3159 ginseng, and then separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2-DE). Approximately 468 protein spots were detected by 2-DE and Coommassie brilliant blue staining. Twenty-two proteins were found to be reproducibly up- or down-regulated in response to salt stress. Among these proteins, twelve were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-Q-TOF and classified into several functional groups: photosynthesis-related proteins(oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins 1 and 2, rubisco and rubisco activase), detoxification proteins(polyphenol oxidase) and defense proteins($\beta$-1,3-glucanase, ribonuclease-like storage protein, and isoflavone reductase-like protein). The protein levels of ribonuclease-like storage protein, which was highly induced in STG3159 ginseng as compared to STG3134, correlated tightly with mRNA transcript levels, as assessed by reverse-transcription(RT)-PCR. Our results indicate that salinity induces changes in the expression levels of specific proteins in the leaves of ginseng plants. These changes may, in turn, playa role in plant adaptation to saline conditions.