• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2005

천연생리활성 물질로서의 국내산 무화과의 특성을 검색하고자 성숙시기별로 미숙과 I, 미숙과 II, 완숙과를 메탄올로 추출하고, 메탄을 추출물을 극성에 따라 계통분획하여, 각각의 분획물에 대해 미생물의 성장저해활성을 확인하였다. 식중독균 8종에 대한 생육정도를 측정한 결과, 모든 대상균주에 대부분에 대해 무화과 메탄올추출물 및 용매 분획물들에서 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 성장이 억제되는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 무화과 메탄올 추출물은 완숙과보다는 미숙과 I 및 미숙과 II에서 활성이 우수하여, L. monocytogenes을 비롯한 모든 사용균주에 대해 10 mg/mL에서부터 강한 억제활성을 보였다. 무화과 용매계통분획물에 의한 항균활성은 성숙정도와 대상균주에 따라 차이는 있었으나 0.1$\~$5.0mg/mL농도범위에서 극성이 낮은 헥산과 클로로포름 분획이 강한 항균활성을 나타내는 반면, 극성이 비교적 높은 부탄을 분획은 그보다 낮은 활성을 보였으며, 에틸아세테이트 분획과 물 분획에서는 항균활성을 거의 보이지 않았다. 추출 용매에 대한 항균력은 계통분획물들이 메탄을 추출물보다는 낮은 농도에서 항균활성이 나타났으나, 메탄을 추출물이 좀더 광범위한 균주들에 대해 억제활성이 있었으며, 계통분획물들은 분획에 따라 성숙시기에 따라 활성이 있는 균주가 특이적으로 다양하게 나타났다. 헥산분획물에서는 메탄올 추출물과는 달리 L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Y. enterocolitica와 V. parahaemolyticus에 대해완숙과가 미숙과 I 또는 II보다 항균활성이 우수하게 나타났으며, 클로로포름 분획에서는 모든 성숙단계에서 E. coli O157:H7과 V. parahaemolyticus에 대해 저해활성이 매우 우수하였다. 또한 부탄올분획물에서는 메탄올추출물과 같이 미숙과 I, II에서 완숙과보다 더 우수한 항균활성을 보이는 균주들이 많았다. 본 실험에서 무화과 추출물 또는 계통분획물들은 식중독균에 대해 항균활성이 있는 것으로 확인되었고, 특히 전반적으로 판단하여 볼 때 성숙직전의 미숙과 II에서 항균활성이 보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2017

Fruits of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.), (English: mangrove apple, Bengali: keora) both seeds and pericarps, are largely consumed as food besides their enormous medicinal application. The fruit seeds have high content of nutrients and bioactive components. The seeds powder of S. apetala was successively fractionated using n-hexane, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The fractions were used to evaluate antibacterial, anti-diarrhoeal, analgesic, and cytotoxic activities. Methanol fraction of seeds (MeS) stronly inhibited Escherichia coli strains, Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus except Vibrio cholerae at $500{\mu}g/disc$. All the fractions strongly inhibited castor oil induced diarrhoeal episodes and onset time in mice at 500 mg extract/kg body weight (P<0.001). At the same concentration, MeS had the strongest inhibitory activity on diarrhoeal episodes, whereas the n-hexane fraction (HS) significantly (P<0.05) prolonged diarrhoeal onset time as compared to positive control. Similarly, HS (P<0.005) inhibited acetic acid induced writhing in mice at 500 mg extract/kg, more than any other fraction. HS and diethyl ether fractions of seed strongly increased reaction time of mice in hot plate test at 500 mg extract/kg. All the fractions showed strong cytotoxic effects in brine shrimp lethality tests. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of HS led to the identification of 23 compounds. Linoleic acid (29.9%), palmitic acid (23.2%), ascorbyl palmitate (21.2%), and stearic acid (10.5%) were the major compounds in HS. These results suggest that seeds of S. apetala could be of great use as nutraceuticals.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.324-332
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of Korean yam (Dioscorea batatas $D_{ECNE.}$) by different extraction solvents including 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and chloroform-methanol mixture (CM, 2:1, v/v). Raw yam was analyzed for its color property, total phenol content and antioxidant activity. Yam possessed high $L^*$ value and $H^{\circ}$ value, which were $81.64{\pm}2.59$ and $83.36{\pm}0.15$, respectively. Raw yam was found to have great antioxidant activity evaluated through ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Total phenol contents of various extracts from raw yam increased in the following order: 70% methanol extract ($37.62{\pm}0.88mg\;CAE/g$), 70% ethanol extract ($43.38{\pm}0.66mg\;CAE/g$) and CM extract ($67.17{\pm}0.12mg\;CAE/g$), respectively. The same trend was also could be found in the ABTS radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. These results implied that Korean yam might play an important role in antioxidation and serve as the bio-health functional food to take a good part in prevention of human diseases and aging.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2006

We examined the inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase (MAO) of Taraxacum mongolicum in vitro and in vivo methods. Methanol extract of T. mongolicum showed significantly inhibitory activities on MAO-A and MAOB that were prepared from rat brain and liver in vitro. MAO-A and MAO-B activities were potently inhibited by chloroform fraction of T. mongolicum in vitro tests. The $IC_{50}$ values of each fraction on MAO-A are as followed; methanol extracts (0.90 mg/ml), $CHCl_3$ fraction (0.10 mg/ml), EtOAc fraction (0.36 mg/ml). and those on MAO-B are methanol extracts $(0.39{\mu}g/ml)$, $CHCl_3$ fraction $(0.18{\mu}g/ml)$, BuOH fraction $(0.22{\mu}g/ml)$. Those MAO-A and MAO-B activities in vivo tests have different tendency each other. MAO-A activity was increased by the oral administration of ethanol extract of T mon golicum, while MAO-B activity was decreased. The concentration of serotonin of brain tissue after oral administration of ethanolic extract of T. mongolicum is slightly increased in rat. This tendency is not different from the activity of deprenyl which is the well known MAO inhibitor used as a positive control. Based on these results, we can suggest that T. mongolicum may have the effects on the inhibitory activities against MAO. Thess activities of T. mongolicum is considerable for development of functional materials for the purpose of treatment and control of depressant, dementia, Parkinson' disease, stress and promoting exercise.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.351-355
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• 1995

용매(MeOH, EtOH, CHCI$_{3}$/MeOH Water)를 달리한 마추출물의 broiling과 panfrying의 조리법 변이원과 2-AF, benzo(a)pyrene, sodium azide 등의 화학적으로 유도된 순수변이원에 대한 억제효과를 검색하였다. 대사활성물질인 S9 mixture 무첨가시 조리법 변이원에 대한 변이원과 용매종류 및 변이원과 용매사이의 상호관계성은 유의적인 차이를 보였으나, S9 mixture 첨가시에는 변이원, 마, 용매종류들사이 에 유의성을 보였다. 특히 S9 mixture 첨가시 높은 억제효과를 보였던 산마 EtOH 추출물은 panfrying 변이원에 대한 억제효과는 컸으나 조리법 변이원에 포함되었을 것으로 예상되었던 benzo(a)pyrene에 대해서는 억제효과가 낮았다. 순수변이원로서 sodium azide에 대한 마추출물은 산마가 25.4%로, 9.1%인 재배마보다 높았으나 용매에 따른 유의성은 없었다. 2-AF는 마종류에 대한 유의성은 없었으나 Water가 26.2%, MeOH가 41.9%, EtOH가 45.0%, CHCI$_{3}$/MeOH가 84.0%로서 높은 억제효과를 보였다. 특히 산마의 CHCI$_{3}$/MeOH 추출물은 plate당 10 mg 농도에서 가장 높은 91.5%의 억제효과를 보였을뿐 아니라 plate당 1 mg 농도에서도 67%의 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이상과 같이, 본 실험에 사용된 변이원 중 2-AF에 대한 산마 CHCI$_{3}$/MeOH 추출물이 단위 추출물당 억제활성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxic effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg extracts on murine leukemia tumor cell lines. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol iumbromide (MMT) assay. The comparison of $IC_{50}$ values of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg extracts on $L1210,\;P388D_1$ and Vero cell lines showed that the methanol extract of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg indicated the most antitumor activity in the MTT assay. In order to develop a antimicrobial agent, dried Houttuynia cordata Thunberg was extracted with several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activity of amocla and ketoconazole as references was compared to those of other solvent extracts such as $H_2O$, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate ethanol and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of all extracts from the sample had growth inhibition activity against gram-negative bacteria, yam-positive bacteria and fungi $(MIC,\;>\;200\;{\mu} g/ml)$. These results suggest that the methanol soluble extract of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg may be a valuable choice for the studies on the treaeent of murine leukemia tumor cell lines and antimicrobial agents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2235-2245
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• 2016

Ulcerative colitis (UC) results from colonic epithelial barrier defects and impaired mucosal immune responses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the modifying effects of a Spirogyra neglecta extract (SNE), a polysaccharide extract (PE) and a chloroform fraction (CF) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to determine the mechanisms. To induce colitis, ICR mice received 3% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days. Seven days preceding the DSS treatment, oral administration of SNE, PE and CF at doses of 50, 25 and 0.25 mg/kg body weight (low dose), 200, 100 and 1 mg/kg body weight (high dose) and vehicle was started and continued for 14 days. Histologic findings showed that DSS-induced damage of colonic epithelial structure and inflammation was attenuated in mice pre-treated with SNE, PE and CF. Furthermore, SNE and PE significantly protected colonic epithelial cells from DSS-induced cell cycle arrest, while SNE, PE and CF significantly diminished apoptosis. Proteome analysis demonstrated that SNE and PE might ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by inducing antioxidant enzymes, restoring impaired mitochondria function, and regulating inflammatory cytokines, proliferation and apoptosis. These results suggest that SNE and PE could prevent DSS-induced colitis in ICR mice by protection against and/or aiding recovery from damage to the colonic epithelium, reducing ROS and maintaining normal mitochondrial function and apoptosis.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of thermal treatment yam (Dioscorea batatas DECNE.) in Korea. Thermal treatment yam was extracted by different solvents including 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and chloroform-methanol mixture (CM, 2:1, v/v). Then color property, total phenol content and antioxidant activity were analyzed. Yam possessed high $L^*$ value and $H\limits^{\circ}$ value, which were $54.92{\pm}2.18$ and $73.20{\pm}0.77$, respectively. Thermal treatment yam exhibited great antioxidant activity evaluated by ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Total phenol contents of various extracts from thermal treatment yam increased in the following order: 70% methanol extract ($63.53{\pm}0.33mg\;CAE/g$), 70% ethanol extract ($69.47{\pm}1.00mg\;CAE/g$) and CM extract ($97.49{\pm}0.66mg\;CAE/g$), respectively. The same trend was also could be found in antioxidant activity assays except for reducing power assay. These results implied that these extracts from thermal treatment yam might be useful to take a good part in prevention of human diseases and aging.

• 생약학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.96-100
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• 1989

Traditional herbal drugs of Korea, namely, Atractylodes Rhizome(蒼朮) and Atractylodes Rhizome White(白朮) which are derived from and old-grown rhizome and a newly-grown rhizome of Atractylodes japonica Koidz.(Compositae), respectively, were investigated their potential liver-protective activities against hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. Each herbal drug was extracted separately with chloroform, methanol and butanol. No extract of Atractylodes Rhizome showed a significant reduction of the duration of hypnosis produced by hexobarital after $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. In addition, the the treatments of Atractylodes Rhizome extracts produced no decrease of aspartate aminotransferase(EC 2.6.1.1) activity in serum. However, the methanol extract of Atractylodes Rhizome White exhibited a marked protection from hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. It produced significant reductions of the duration of hypnosis and serum enzyme activity, but no other extract showed liver-protective activity against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.213-217
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• 1998

곰솔, 리기다, 잣나무, 적송잎의 에탄올 추출물들은 농도가 증가함에 따라 폐암, 간암, 위암, 유방암 세포에 대한 성장억제율이 증가함을 보여 주였고 각각의 디에틸에테르, 클로로포름, 에틸 아세테이트, 부탄올 및 수층 분획물 또한 농도 증가에 따라 성장 억제율이 증가하였다. 그러나 0.25 mg/mL 처리시 각각의 비교 결과 잣나무의 디에틸에테르 분획물은 위암세포에 대해서는 억제효과가 보여지지 않았다. 현미경의 관찰하에서 암세포의 변화는 세포막의 경계가 흐트러지는 사멸 현상을 보였다.