• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.1 s.85
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• pp.84-93
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• 2005

The antibacterial activities of methanol extract and systematic solvent fractions( -hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol) from Korean common type figs at different ripening stages were tested by the broth dilution method against 8 representative food-poisoning bacteria- : L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, E. coli, Y. enterocolitica, V. parahaemolyticus, and S. typhimurium. The methanol extracts of unripened I and II showed stronger activity than that of the ripened figs especially against L. monocytogenes, S. enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, Y. parahaemolyticus and S. typhimurium in 10 mg/mL. The systematic solvent fractions showed stronger antibacterial activities than the methanol extract, even al the lower concentrations. The hexane fraction of ripened figs showed higher growth inhibition than those of unripened I and II against L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Y. enterocolitica and V. parahaemolyticus. The chloroform fraction showed strong antibacterial activity in all ripening stages against E. coli O157:H7 and V. parahaemolyticus. The butanol fraction showed better inhibition activity in unripened I and II than in the ripened figs. The hexane and chloroform fractions showed inhibition activity of more than $75\%$ against E. coli O157:H7, V. parahaemolyticus in 0.5 mg/mL. Each fraction showed a little different antibacterial activity according to the ripening stages of the fruits and the tested strains. Especially, figs in the unripened II stage revealed superior activity relatively and the hexane and chloroform fractions revealed the strongest activity, followed by the butanol fraction, while the ethylacetate and water fractions hardly showed any activity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2017

Fruits of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.), (English: mangrove apple, Bengali: keora) both seeds and pericarps, are largely consumed as food besides their enormous medicinal application. The fruit seeds have high content of nutrients and bioactive components. The seeds powder of S. apetala was successively fractionated using n-hexane, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The fractions were used to evaluate antibacterial, anti-diarrhoeal, analgesic, and cytotoxic activities. Methanol fraction of seeds (MeS) stronly inhibited Escherichia coli strains, Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus except Vibrio cholerae at $500{\mu}g/disc$. All the fractions strongly inhibited castor oil induced diarrhoeal episodes and onset time in mice at 500 mg extract/kg body weight (P<0.001). At the same concentration, MeS had the strongest inhibitory activity on diarrhoeal episodes, whereas the n-hexane fraction (HS) significantly (P<0.05) prolonged diarrhoeal onset time as compared to positive control. Similarly, HS (P<0.005) inhibited acetic acid induced writhing in mice at 500 mg extract/kg, more than any other fraction. HS and diethyl ether fractions of seed strongly increased reaction time of mice in hot plate test at 500 mg extract/kg. All the fractions showed strong cytotoxic effects in brine shrimp lethality tests. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of HS led to the identification of 23 compounds. Linoleic acid (29.9%), palmitic acid (23.2%), ascorbyl palmitate (21.2%), and stearic acid (10.5%) were the major compounds in HS. These results suggest that seeds of S. apetala could be of great use as nutraceuticals.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.324-332
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of Korean yam (Dioscorea batatas $D_{ECNE.}$) by different extraction solvents including 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and chloroform-methanol mixture (CM, 2:1, v/v). Raw yam was analyzed for its color property, total phenol content and antioxidant activity. Yam possessed high $L^*$ value and $H^{\circ}$ value, which were $81.64{\pm}2.59$ and $83.36{\pm}0.15$, respectively. Raw yam was found to have great antioxidant activity evaluated through ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Total phenol contents of various extracts from raw yam increased in the following order: 70% methanol extract ($37.62{\pm}0.88mg\;CAE/g$), 70% ethanol extract ($43.38{\pm}0.66mg\;CAE/g$) and CM extract ($67.17{\pm}0.12mg\;CAE/g$), respectively. The same trend was also could be found in the ABTS radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. These results implied that Korean yam might play an important role in antioxidation and serve as the bio-health functional food to take a good part in prevention of human diseases and aging.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.4 s.147
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• pp.229-234
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• 2006

We examined the inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase (MAO) of Taraxacum mongolicum in vitro and in vivo methods. Methanol extract of T. mongolicum showed significantly inhibitory activities on MAO-A and MAOB that were prepared from rat brain and liver in vitro. MAO-A and MAO-B activities were potently inhibited by chloroform fraction of T. mongolicum in vitro tests. The $IC_{50}$ values of each fraction on MAO-A are as followed; methanol extracts (0.90 mg/ml), $CHCl_3$ fraction (0.10 mg/ml), EtOAc fraction (0.36 mg/ml). and those on MAO-B are methanol extracts $(0.39{\mu}g/ml)$, $CHCl_3$ fraction $(0.18{\mu}g/ml)$, BuOH fraction $(0.22{\mu}g/ml)$. Those MAO-A and MAO-B activities in vivo tests have different tendency each other. MAO-A activity was increased by the oral administration of ethanol extract of T mon golicum, while MAO-B activity was decreased. The concentration of serotonin of brain tissue after oral administration of ethanolic extract of T. mongolicum is slightly increased in rat. This tendency is not different from the activity of deprenyl which is the well known MAO inhibitor used as a positive control. Based on these results, we can suggest that T. mongolicum may have the effects on the inhibitory activities against MAO. Thess activities of T. mongolicum is considerable for development of functional materials for the purpose of treatment and control of depressant, dementia, Parkinson' disease, stress and promoting exercise.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.351-355
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• 1995

The inhibitory effects of methanol, ethanol, chloroform/ methanol and water extracts from natural and cultural yams on the mutagenicity in the cooked pork (broiled and panfried) and the chemically induced mutagen, sodium azide, benzo(a)pyrene and 2-aminofluorene were investigated using salmolla typhimurium TA 100. In the presence of the S9 mixture, ethanol extract from natural yam showed high inhibitory effect on the mutagenicity of the cooked pork. But benzo(a)pyrene, supposed to be produced in mutagen during cooking, did not show high inhibitory effect in same extract. Besids, the yam extract on the mutagenicity of the sodium azide without S9 mixture showed low inhibitory effect. However 2-aminoflourene with S9 mixture showed high inhibitory effect, 91.5％.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.144-151
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• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxic effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg extracts on murine leukemia tumor cell lines. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol iumbromide (MMT) assay. The comparison of $IC_{50}$ values of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg extracts on $L1210,\;P388D_1$ and Vero cell lines showed that the methanol extract of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg indicated the most antitumor activity in the MTT assay. In order to develop a antimicrobial agent, dried Houttuynia cordata Thunberg was extracted with several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activity of amocla and ketoconazole as references was compared to those of other solvent extracts such as $H_2O$, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate ethanol and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of all extracts from the sample had growth inhibition activity against gram-negative bacteria, yam-positive bacteria and fungi $(MIC,\;>\;200\;{\mu} g/ml)$. These results suggest that the methanol soluble extract of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg may be a valuable choice for the studies on the treaeent of murine leukemia tumor cell lines and antimicrobial agents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2235-2245
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• 2016

Ulcerative colitis (UC) results from colonic epithelial barrier defects and impaired mucosal immune responses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the modifying effects of a Spirogyra neglecta extract (SNE), a polysaccharide extract (PE) and a chloroform fraction (CF) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to determine the mechanisms. To induce colitis, ICR mice received 3% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days. Seven days preceding the DSS treatment, oral administration of SNE, PE and CF at doses of 50, 25 and 0.25 mg/kg body weight (low dose), 200, 100 and 1 mg/kg body weight (high dose) and vehicle was started and continued for 14 days. Histologic findings showed that DSS-induced damage of colonic epithelial structure and inflammation was attenuated in mice pre-treated with SNE, PE and CF. Furthermore, SNE and PE significantly protected colonic epithelial cells from DSS-induced cell cycle arrest, while SNE, PE and CF significantly diminished apoptosis. Proteome analysis demonstrated that SNE and PE might ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by inducing antioxidant enzymes, restoring impaired mitochondria function, and regulating inflammatory cytokines, proliferation and apoptosis. These results suggest that SNE and PE could prevent DSS-induced colitis in ICR mice by protection against and/or aiding recovery from damage to the colonic epithelium, reducing ROS and maintaining normal mitochondrial function and apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of thermal treatment yam (Dioscorea batatas DECNE.) in Korea. Thermal treatment yam was extracted by different solvents including 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and chloroform-methanol mixture (CM, 2:1, v/v). Then color property, total phenol content and antioxidant activity were analyzed. Yam possessed high $L^*$ value and $H\limits^{\circ}$ value, which were $54.92{\pm}2.18$ and $73.20{\pm}0.77$, respectively. Thermal treatment yam exhibited great antioxidant activity evaluated by ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Total phenol contents of various extracts from thermal treatment yam increased in the following order: 70% methanol extract ($63.53{\pm}0.33mg\;CAE/g$), 70% ethanol extract ($69.47{\pm}1.00mg\;CAE/g$) and CM extract ($97.49{\pm}0.66mg\;CAE/g$), respectively. The same trend was also could be found in antioxidant activity assays except for reducing power assay. These results implied that these extracts from thermal treatment yam might be useful to take a good part in prevention of human diseases and aging.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 1989

Traditional herbal drugs of Korea, namely, Atractylodes Rhizome(蒼朮) and Atractylodes Rhizome White(白朮) which are derived from and old-grown rhizome and a newly-grown rhizome of Atractylodes japonica Koidz.(Compositae), respectively, were investigated their potential liver-protective activities against hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. Each herbal drug was extracted separately with chloroform, methanol and butanol. No extract of Atractylodes Rhizome showed a significant reduction of the duration of hypnosis produced by hexobarital after $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. In addition, the the treatments of Atractylodes Rhizome extracts produced no decrease of aspartate aminotransferase(EC 2.6.1.1) activity in serum. However, the methanol extract of Atractylodes Rhizome White exhibited a marked protection from hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ intoxication in mice. It produced significant reductions of the duration of hypnosis and serum enzyme activity, but no other extract showed liver-protective activity against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.213-217
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• 1998

This study was performed to observe cytotoxic effect of the pine needle extracts against cancer cell lines including human gastric carcinoma (KATOIII), human lung carcinoma (A549), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and SRB (sulforhodamine B) method. The extracts were prepared by step-wise fractionation of ethanol extract of pine needles using diethylether, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water. The growth of the cancer cells in medium containing pine needle extracts were significantly inhibited degree in proportion to the increase of the extract concentration. A significant shrinkage of Hep3B cells was observed when the cells were exposed into 0.5, 1 mg/mL of pinus rigida extract.